History:

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  • General Sources
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    4. Welcome to the Center for History and New Media
    5. Chow Chi Leong's Homepage - HISTORY RESOURCES
    6. HISTORY
    7. The History Data Service
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    9. TheHistoryNet - Where History Lives on the Web
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    13. History:¡@History Active
    14. History/Social Studies Web Site for K-12 Teachers
    15. hisnet.htm
    16. Kam-Leung So's Homepage
    17. Reynolds Historical Library, UAB
    18. SCORE History/Social Science
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    22. Yahoo! Arts_and_Humanities:Humanities:History
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    26. Asian Studies Association of Australia, Inc.
    27. The American Historical Association
    28. The Association for Asian Studies
    29. The Great War Society 1914-1918
    30. The Historical Society Page( ¾ú ¥v ¾Ç ·| ªí )
    31. Institute of Modern History
    32. The Historical Society Page
    33. The Needham Research Institute
    34. Research Institute for the Humanitites - History
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      12. »E Ä_ ¬Ö : ¤H ¤å : ¾ú ¥v : ¥j ¦­ ¾ú ¥v
      13. »E Ä_ ¬Ö : ¤H ¤å : ¾ú ¥v : ³Ì ªñ ´X ¥@ ¬ö ¤j ¨Æ
      14. Britannica Internet Guide--history(by Encyclopaedia Britannica)
      15. Yahoo! - Arts:Humanities:History
    2. ¤@ ¯ë ¥v ¯¸ Á` ªí
      1. ¥v ºô Á` ªí
      2. ArchNet: WWW VL - Archaeology
      3. The Ancient World Web: The Ultimate Index of All Things Ancient
      4. BARD: Bodleian Access to Remote Databases
      5. Gateway to World History
      6. History Departments Around the World( ¥@ ¬É ¥v ¨t Á` ªí )
      7. Humanities HUB - History
      8. Humanities HUB - Cultural Studies
      9. History Computerization Project
      10. Index of Resources for Historians
      11. 'MEGA' Index of History Research Sites...
      12. Web Sites for the History Profession
    3. ªF ¨È ¥v ¯¸ Á` ªí
      1. ¤¤ °ê ¥v
      2. Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library
      3. Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL)
      4. East Asia History Archives
      5. The East Asian Libraries Cooperative World-Wide Web
      6. H-ASIA WWW SITE
      7. Selected Humanities & Social Science Resources on the Internet
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      1. CataList, the official catalog of LISTSERV lists
      2. H-Net Search
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      1. ¾ú ¥v ¤W ªº ¤µ ¤Ñ
      2. 9 Online:Today in History
      3. Discovery Online-Civilization Channel
      4. The History Channel:A&E Television Networks
      5. History Channel
      6. The History Channel UK
      7. History for Kids
      8. History Quiz Show
      9. K-12 History Internet Guide
      10. Lesson Plans
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    11. ¤¤ °ê ¾ú ¥v ¦~ ªí A Chronology of Chinese History
    12. Ò» ×Ú ÏÖ ´ú Ê· ʵ ´ó ·­ °¸ £º ³Â ¾¼ Ã÷ Óë Ëï ÖРɽ ¡¢ ½¯ ½é ʯ µÄ ¶÷ Ô¹ Õæ Ïà
    13. About Ming Studies
    14. A Brief History of China
    15. A Brief History of Hong Hong
    16. Brooklyn College Core 9: Chinese Culture Page
    17. China - History
    18. China Bibliography
    19. China the Beautiful
    20. China the Beautiful - Portraits of Emperors
    21. China the Beautiful - Chinese Art and Literature
    22. China5K Pro Home Page
    23. Chinascape: History
    24. Chinese Culture - Images
    25. CHINESE HISTORY
    26. Classical Historiography for Chinese History
    27. Comic On Web
    28. Condensed China: Chinese History for Beginners
    29. Condensed China: Chinese History for Beginners
    30. Early Canons in Translation
    31. Exploring Ancient World Cultures: China
    32. Fairbank Chinese History Virtual Library: Rob Gray
    33. History of China
    34. IRWeb: The Industrial Revolution
    35. Modern Chinese History: A Basic Bibliography
    36. Norman's Cyber Classroom
    37. People's Republic of China
    38. The Rise and Fall of Great Chinese Empire
    39. TREATY PORTS & EXTRATERRITORIALITY IN EARLY 20th CENTURY CHINA
    40. W3C/Vienna University - Internet Guide for China Studies
  • ¥@ ¬É ¥v / Western Civilizations
    I. The Dawn of History
  • Timelines
    1. First cities in Mesopotamia (c. 4000-c. 3200)
      1. Early Jericho
      2. Three images of reconstructions of ancient Ur.
      3. Archaeological article on Nippur
      4. Gudea of Lagash
    2. Sumerian cuneiform writing (c. 3500-c. 2500)
      1. Cuneiform writing
    3. Potters wheel in Sumeria (c. 3400)
      1. An essay on art in ancient Greece that includes some discussion of the potter's wheel;
      2. An essay on ancient technology
    4. Supremacy of Sumerian cities in Mesopotamia (c. 3200-c. 2335)
      1. Some general information about Sumeria
      2. The Sumerian mythology FAQ
    5. Sumerian temple architecture (c. 3200-c. 2000)
      1. A general survey of Sumeria
      2. An aerial photo of the ruins
    6. Unification of Egypt (c. 3100)
      1. "Faces of the Pharoahs"
    7. Egyptian hieroglyphic writing (c. 3100)
      1. A class project on Hieroglyphs which covers different aspects of the writing system.
    8. Archaic period in Egypt (c. 3100-c. 2680)
      1. Egypt
    9. Old Kingdom in Egypt (c. 2680-c. 2200)
      1. Mankato State University
      2. Short article by Richard Hooker
    10. Construction of first pyramid in Egypt (c. 2670)
      1. The oldest pyramid is at Saqqara (Zoser)
    11. Dominance of Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia (2335-c. 2130)
      1. A few short paragraphs
      2. Akkadian language
    12. Sumerian revival (c. 2130-c. 2000)
        This general survey
      1. A fairly detailed discussion of Sumerian mythology and religion.
    13. Middle Kingdom in Egypt (c. 2050-1786)
      1. Account of Nubia and Egypt during the era of the Middle Kingdom.
      2. Very extensive collection of pictures of the Nile River valley and its artefacts.
      3. Short article by Richard Hooker
    14. Minoan worship of mother goddess (c. 2000)
        A brief discussion of Minoan religion
    15. Height of Minoan civilization under leadership of Knossos (c. 2000-c. 1500)
      1. A visual tour of the palace ruins
      2. Color images of the palace
      3. One more visual tour
    16. Growth of personal religion in Mesopotamia (c. 2000-c. 1600)
      1. The Assyro-Babylonian Mythology FAQ
    17. Mathematical advances in Old Babylonia (c. 2000-c. 1800)
      1. A nice example of the development of algebra in Babylonia.
    18. Minoan art on Crete (c. 2000-c. 1500)
      1. A very good textual description of styles of Minoan art
      2. Richard Hooker's excellent and very readable treatment of Minoan art
    19. Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 1900)
      1. An essay by Arthur A. Brown on the meaning of the epic.
      2. An exerpt from the epic
      3. One part of the epic concerns a flood that covers the world
      4. The complete epic
    20. Egyptian belief in personal immortality (c. 1800)
        The Egyptian Book of the Dead
    21. Code of Hammurabi (c. 1790)
      1. The complete Code
    22. Mycenaean civilization on mainland Greece (c. 1600-c. 1200)
      1. Short essays on the Mycenaeans and their religion
      2. Tour of the ruins at Mycenae
    23. New Kingdom in Egypt (c. 1560-1087)
      1. Time/Life article on the KV5 tomb
      2. A short history of the period
      3. Another historical narrative of the period
    24. Egyptian temple architecture (c. 1580-c. 1090)
      1. Architecture
      2. The PBS series NOVA has an excellent and detailed site on Giza
      3. A long article on the major pyramids
    25. Hittite Empire in Asia Minor (c. 1450-c. 1300)
      1. A useful and detailed essay on the Hittites
    26. Religious revolution of Akhenaton (c. 1375)
      1. The Royal Hymn of Akhenaton
    27. Naturalistic art in Egypt under Akhenaton (c. 1375)
      1. The Egyptian Museum in Cairo
    28. In Egypt, use of papyrus, pen, and ink for writing (c. 1300)<
      1. Image of the papyrus plant
      2. Duke University has an excellent collection of papyri
      3. "Writing in Egypt under Greek and Roman Rule"
    29. Trojan War (c. 1250)
      1. The complete Samuel Butler translation
      2. Papyrus fragment
      3. A study guide for a course at Temple University
    30. First alphabetic system of writing developed by Phoenicians (c. 1100)
      1. Some background on the Phoenicians as a people
    31. Unified Hebrew monarchy under Saul, David, and Solomon (c. 1025-933)
      1. A general account of the Israelite monarchies
    32. Kingdom of Israel (933-722)
      1. The official version
      2. Israel
      3. Richard Hooker has a short summary of Israel in the age of the patriarchs
    33. Kingdom of Judah (933-586)
      1. Map of the region.
      2. General history of the city of Jerusalem
    34. Height of Assyrian Empire (c. 750-612)
      1. A brief account of the Assyrian Empire
    35. Hebrew prophetic revolution (c. 750-c. 550)
      1. Article on prophets
    36. Hebrew ethical commandments (c. 600)
      1. A short article from the Catholic Encyclopedia
    37. Deuteronomic Code (c. 600)
      1. The complete book of Deuteronomy
    38. Nebuchadnezzar conquers Jerusalem (586)
      1. The complete text of an inscription
      2. The king's famous hanging gardens in Babylon
    39. Hebrew Song of Songs (c. 450)
      1. An excellent scholarly site
      2. A "study Bible"
      3. A history of the Song
    40. Book of Job (c. 400)
      1. From the World Wide Study Bible
    1. From the Ice Age to the Earliest Cities
    1. Deciphering Ancient Civilizations
      1. Decryption of the Rosetta Stone
        1. The Rosetta Stone
      2. The Epic of Gilgamesh
        1. Gilgamesh
      3. Mesopotamia and the Bible
        1. Sumerian Mythology FAQ
      4. Genesis, Chapters 6-9
        1. Genesis
      5. "Hymn to the Sun"
        1. Psalm to the Blessed Aton,
        2. Psalm 104
      6. The Egyptian Book of the Dead
        1. The Negative Confession
      7. Code of Hammurabi
        1. The Code of Hammurabi
      8. Deuteronomy
      9. Howard Carter
        1. Personal Profile
      10. The Tomb of Tutankhamen
        1. The tomb of Tutankhamen, located just a few yards from the great tomb of Ramesses VI
      11. Political Change and Cultural Continuity in Eshnunna from the Ur III to the Old Babylonian Period
        1. A Dissertation Proposal
      12. An Outline of the Iraq Expedition
        1. Diyala Operations
    2. Mummies and Magic
      1. Cairo Museum
      2. The Book of the Dead
      3. Brooklyn Museum
      4. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
      5. Nefertari, Light of Egypt
      6. University of Chicago's Oriental Institute
      7. Royal Mummies
      8. Mummification
      9. Modern Egyptian Ritual Magick
      10. University of Memphis
      11. Tour of the Temple of Abu Simbel
      12. KMT (Modern Egyptology)
      13. CyberMummy
      14. Smithsonian
      15. Herodotus
      16. Summum Mummification
      17. Mummy
      18. 3D imaging
      19. 3D Reconstruction
      20. Thomas Pearcy, Ph.D
      21. Mary Dickson
    3. The Darkness, the Water, and Breath: Ancient Birth of the World Mythology
      1. Enuma Elish
      2. Grimoire
      3. St. Joseph's University
      4. From Primitives to Zen
      5. Native American
      6. African
      7. Egyptian
      8. Indian
      9. Mayan
    2. Mesopotamian civilization
    1. Deciphering Ancient Civilizations
    2. Mummies and Magic
    3. The Darkness, the Water, and Breath: Ancient Birth of the World Mythology
    4. The Code of Hammurabi
    5. S. N. Kramer: Ethical Concepts in Sumerian Religion
    3. Egyptian civilization
    1. The Book of the Dead
    2. Royal Hymn of Akhenaton
    3. Kurt Mendelssohn: The Riddle of Pyramids
    4. The Hebrew and Early Greek civilizations
    1. Hebrew Piety, Philosophy, and the Prophetic Revolution
    2. Genesis

    II. The Classical Civilizations of Greece and Rome

  • Timelines
    1. Dark Ages of Greek history (1500 - 800 BCE)
      1. Thomas Martin's essay
      2. An essay
    2. Beginning of city-states in Greece (c. 800)
      1. "The Archaic Age and the Rise of the Polis"
    3. Greek alphabet (c. 800 - c. 700)
      1. The Greek alphabet
    4. Rome founded (c. 753)
      1. A primarily architectural site
    5. Illiad and Odyssey (c. 750)
      1. The Iliad
      2. The Odyssey
      3. Troy
      4. The Iliad
      5. A study guide for
      6. The Mythological Background of Homer's
      7. Homeric Society
      8. Homeric Gods
    6. Greek overseas expansion (c. 750 - c. 600)
      1. A series of maps
    7. Shift from cavalry to infantry in Greece (c. 650)
      1. Annotated bibliography
      2. An essay on hoplites
    8. Doric architectural style (c. 650 - c. 500)
      1. This essay
    9. Zoroaster formulates Zoroastrian religion in Persia (c. 625)
      1. FAQ
    10. Thales of Miletus (c. 600)
      1. A short biography
      2. A similar work
      3. Thales' position in ancient Greek philosophy
    11. Invention of coinage by Lydians (c. 600)
      1. It's Corinth, not Lydia
      2. A short entry on the subject
    12. Reforms of Solon of Athens (594)
      1. A study guide page
      2. Early Athenian Institutions
      3. Lives
    13. Pythagoras (c. 530)
      1. Pythagoras
    14. Sappho (c. 550)
      1. A detailed bibliographical list on Sappho
      2. Sappho
    15. Aeschylus (525-456)
      1. The complete works
      2. A general discussion of Greek tragedy
      3. detailed information about Aeschylus himself and his plays
    16. Reforms of Cleisthenes in Athens (508)
      1. Cleisthenes' actions in Athens
      2. Cleisthenes' banishment and return
    17. Establishment of Roman Republic (c. 500)
      1. Information about the Roman army
    18. Phidias (c. 500 - c. 432)
      1. Phidias' work
    19. Sophocles (496 - 406)
      1. The complete works of Sophocles
      2. A biography, discussion, and bibliography
      3. A literary analysis of Sophocles
    20. Greco-Persian War (490 - 479)
      1. A twenty-two page essay
    21. Protagoras (c. 490 - c. 420)
      1. Biographic sketch
    22. Perfection of Athenian democracy (487 - 429)
      1. Plutarch's biography of Pericles
      2. Pericles' funeral oration
    23. Herodotus (c. 484 - c. 420)
      1. The Persian Wars
      2. A study guide
      3. An excellent extended discussion of Herodotus
    24. Euripides (480 - 406)
      1. Biography, commentary, links and bibliography
      2. The complete works of Euripides
    25. Thucydides (c. 470 - c. 400)
      1. History of the Peloponnesian War
    26. Socrates (469 - 399)
      1. This review essay of a book on Socrates' trial
      2. Socrates' last days
    27. Hippocrates (460 - c. 377)
      1. Some information about Greek medicine
      2. His complete works
    28. Democritus (c. 460 - c. 362)
      1. Short biography
    29. The Sophists (c. 450 - c. 400)
      1. An essay on the Sophists
      2. An article on the Sophists
      3. Gorgias
    30. Aristophanes (c. 448 - c. 380)
      1. His complete works.
      2. A short discussion of Aristophanes
      3. The Clouds
    31. The Parthenon (447 - 438)
      1. Athens
    32. Peloponnesian War (431 - 404)
      1. A seventeen page essay
      2. The Peloponnesian War
    33. Plato (429 - 404)
      1. A short biography of Plato
      2. The philosopher's complete works
      3. A detailed examination of Plato.
    34. Aristotle (384 - 322)
      1. His complete works
      2. A brief biography and summary
      3. Another biography
    35. Praxiteles (c. 370 - c. 310)
      1. Some samples of his sculpture
    36. Epicurus (342 - 270)
      1. A biography
    37. Macedonian conquest of Greece (338)
      1. An outline of lecture notes
      2. Two pages on Philip II
    38. Conquests of Alexander the Great (334 - 323)
      1. A sixteen page essay
      2. Plutarch's biography of Alexander.
    39. Division of Alexander's empire (323)
      1. Book 12 of Josephus'
    40. Euclid (c. 323 - 285)
      1. Euclid and his mathematics
    41. Zeno the Stoic (c. 320 - c. 250)
      1. Entry on Stoicism
      2. Entry on Stoicism
      3. Some of Zeno's paradoxes
    42. Aristarchus (310 - 230)
      1. Some illustrations
      2. A short biography
    43. Hellenistic international trade and growth of large cities (c. 300 BCE - c. 100 CE)
    44. Emergence of Mithraism (c. 300)
      1. A readable description with a good bibliography
    45. Archimedes (c. 287 - 212)
      1. "Greek Science After Aristotle"
      2. A short biography, a lengthy bibliography, and illustrations
    46. Eratosthanes (c. 276 - c. 195)
    47. Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage (264 - 146)
      1. An 18-page essay
      2. A page by Christine Renaud with an outstanding collection of illustrations
    48. Growth of slavery, decline of small farmer in Rome (c. 250 - 100)
    49. Oriental mystery cults in Rome (c. 250 - 50)
      1. An outline of Roman religion
      2. A Senatorial decree against the Bacchus cult
      3. inscriptions from the shrine of Asclepius,
      4. inscriptions from the tomb of Paulina
    50. Herophilus (c. 220 - c. 150)
      1. Article on Skepticism
      2. A longer, detailed discussion
    51. Destruction of Carthage by Romans in Third Punic War (146)
      1. Some history of Carthage
    52. Introduction of Greek philosophy into Rome (c. 140 - c. 60)
    53. Reforms of the Gracchi (133 - 121)
      1. An essay
      2. Tiberius Gracchus
      3. Several pages on the Gracchi
    54. Cicero (106 - 43)
      1. Plutarch's biography of Cicero
      2. His complete works
    55. Lucretius (98 - 55)
      1. Lucretius and his works
      2. "On the Nature of Things"
    56. Virgil (70 - 19)
      1. His complete works
      2. A biography of Virgil by Aelius Donatus
    57. Horace (65 - 8)
      1. Some of Horace's odes
    58. Livy (59 BCE - 17 CE)
      1. A concise introduction to Livy and his works
    59. Dictatorship of Julius Caesar (46 - 44)
      1. Julius Caesar
      2. The complete works of Julius Caesar
    60. Ovid (c. 43 BCE - 17 CE)
      1. A collection of Ovid'smanuscripts
    61. Seneca (34 BCE - 65 CE)
    62. Principate of Augustus Caesar (27 BCE - 14 CE)
      1. Julio-Claudian emperors
      2. his Roman Revolution essay, pages 31-39,
      3. Images from Augustan Rome
      4. The battle of Actium
    63. Spread of Mithraism in Rome (27 BCE - 270 CE)
    64. The Crucifixion (c. 30)
    65. St. Paul's missionary work (c. 35 - c. 67)
      1. A brief biography of his life
    66. Tacitus (c. 55 - c. 117)
      1. The Works
      2. Germania
    67. The Colosseum (c. 80)
      1. A lot of pictures
    68. "Five good emperors" in Rome (96 - 180)
    69. Decline of slavery in Rome (c. 120 - c. 476)
      1. "Slavery in the Roman Empire, Numbers and Origins"
      2. This class syllabus page
    70. The Pantheon (c. 120)
    71. Height of Roman portrait statuary (c. 120 - c. 250)
    72. Marcus Aurelius (121 - 180)
      1. The complete
    73. Galen (130 - c. 200)
      1. Exhortation to the Study of the Arts, Especially Medicine
      2. On Diagnosis in Dreams
      3. On the Natural Faculties
    74. Beginning of toleration of Christians in the Roman Empire (311)
    75. Completion of Roman jurispruence by great jurists (c. 200)
    76. Growth of serfdom in Rome (c. 200 - 500)
    77. Sharp economic contraction in Rome (c. 200 - c. 300)
    78. Conversion of Constantine (312)
      1. Eusebius' famous account
    79. Plotinus (c. 204 - 270)
      1. A brief biography
      2. The Six Enneads
      3. Plotinus
      4. Neoplatonism
    80. Civil war in Roman Empire (235 - 284)
    81. Diocletian (284 - 305)
      1. An excellent essay on Diocletian
      2. Diocletian's palace at Split
      3. photos of the city today
    82. Constantine I (306 - 395)
      1. The celebration of Easter
      2. Laws issued by Constantine
      3. A short essay on Constantine
    83. St. Augustine (354 - 430)
      1. Augustine's
      2. Augustine's collected letters (all 250 of them) and his
      3. A selection of sermons, letters and excerpts
    84. Theodosius I (379 - 395)
      1. A short biography
    85. Christianity made Roman religion (392)
      1. "The Demise of Paganism"
    86. Visigoths sack Rome (410)
    87. Deposition of last Western Roman emperor (476)
      1. Two very short essays on the "last Roman emperor"
      2. An excellent essay on the military aspects of the late Empire
      3. The Worlds of Late Antiquity site
    88. Boethius (c. 480 - 524)
      1. Consolation of Philosophy
      2. A short biography of Boethius
    89. Theodoric the Ostrogoth King of Italy (493 - 526)
      1. Steven Muhlberger's essay
      2. Some brief letters
    90. Benedictine monastic rule (c. 520)
      1. The Rules
      2. Benedict of Nursia
      3. The monastery of Monte Cassino's web site
      4. The Order of Saint Benedict's web site
      5. A history of Benedict and the early years of monasticism
    91. Justinian (527 - 565)
      1. Two pages on Justinian
      2. Another treatment of Justinian
      3. An exerpt from Procopius
      4. Nika Revolt
      5. Secret History
    92. Corpus of Roman law (c. 550)
      1. Corpus Iuris Civilis
    5. Greek Civilization
    1. The Decline of Rome
      1. Summary of Various Theories about Rome's Decline
      2. Augustus: Images of Power
      3. Tacitus (55?-117? C.E), Germania
      4. Petronius (d. 66 C.E.), The Satyricon
      5. The Tetrarchs
      6. Augustine (354-430 C.E.), The City of God
      7. Augustine, Confessions
      8. St. Jerome (340?-420? C.E.), Letters
        1. LETTER CXXVII
        2. LETTER CXXVIII
      9. Augustine (354-430 C.E.), The City of God
      10. Augustine, Confessions
      11. Ausonius (310?-394? C.E.)
      12. Sidonius Apollinaris (431?-489? C. E.), Letters
      13. Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
      14. Hadrian’s Wall
        1. Introduction
        2. About the Wall
        3. Photograph
        4. Roman Art from the Late Empire
        5. Arch of Constantine
    2. The Rise of the Christians
      1. Gospel According to Matthew: Beatitudes, Chapter 5
      2. Letter of St. Paul to the Galatians, 3:28
      3. Tertullian, Apology
      4. Minucius Felix. Octavius
      5. Diocletian. Edicts against the Christians
      6. Eusebius: The Conversion of Constantine
      7. Galerius and Constantine: Edicts of Toleration
      8. Theodosian Code: Banning of Other Religions
      9. Nicene Creed
      10. Tomb of Junius Bassus
      11. Gelasius I on Spiritual and Temporal Power
      12. Dead Sea Scrolls
      13. Gnostic Gospels
      14. Pliny on the Christians and Trajan’s
      15. Tacitus's Annals
    6. Hellenistic Civilization
    1. Plutarch: The Last Days of Alexander
    2. The Stoic Philosophy: As described by Diogenes Laertus
    7. Roman Civilization
    1. The Decline of Rome
    2. Plutarch: A Roman of the Old School
    3. Marcus Aurelius: Late Roman Stoicism
    8. Christianity and the Transformation of the Roman World
    1. The Rise of the Christians
    2. Sermon on the Mount (Early Christianity)
    3. The Theology of Paul
    4. The Political Theory of Paul
    5. The Rule of St. Benedictine
    6. Confessions

    III.The Middle Ages

  • Timelines
    1. Byzantine church of Santa Sophia (532-537)
      1. Hagia Sophia
      2. Patriarchate of Constantinople's offical home page.
    2. Muhammad (c. 570 - 632)
      1. One of several Islamic student organizations.
    3. Pope Gregory I (590-604)
      1. A brief sketch of Gregory's pontificate
      2. From "The Lives of the Saints,"
    4. Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610-641)
      1. The wars of Heraclius
      2. A detailed essay on Heraclius
      3. A 15th century painting
    5. Muhammad enters Mecca in triumph (630)
    6. Arab Muslims conquer Syria, Persia, and Egypt (636-651)
      1. This site concentrates on the first four caliphs
    7. Umayyad dynasty in Islam (661-750)
      1. A brief essay
    8. Muslims conquer Spain (711)
      1. "The Caliphate in the West"
      2. An art and architecture collection
    9. Muslim attack on Constantinople repulsed (717)
    10. Height of Islamic commerce and industry (c. 700-c. 1300)
      1. Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam
    11. Missionary work of St. Boniface in Germany (c. 715-754)
      1. Three brief 8th century documents
      2. An excerpt
      3. A reliable account
    12. Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Tours (732)
      1. Biographical entry
      2. A letter
    13. Predominantly agrarian economy in the West (c. 700-c. 1050)
    14. Iconoclasm in Byzantine Empire (726-843)
      1. An informative article
      2. Paul Halsall's Byzantine Gallery
    15. The Venerable Bede (d. 735)
      1. A photograph
      2. A biography, with footnotes
      3. A biography
      4. Bede's World
      5. Excerpts
      6. Life and Miracles of St. Cuthbert
      7. The Lives of the Holy Abbots of Weremouth and Jarrow
    16. Abbasid dynasty in Islam (750-1258)
    17. Irish Book of Kells (c. 750)
      1. Currently the best single site on the
    18. Pepin the Short anointed king of the Franks (751)
      1. A general account
    19. Charlemagne (768-814)
      1. Excerpts
      2. A detailed essay
      3. A long article
    20. Charlemagne crowned emperor (800)
      1. A letter
      2. Samples of imperial capitularies
    21. Carolingian Renaissance (c. 800-c. 850)
      1. An article
    22. Height of Byzantine commerce and industry (c. 800-c. 1000)
    23. Height of Islamic philosophy (c. 850-1200)
    24. Carolingian empire disintegrates (c. 850-911)
    25. Alfred the Great of England (871-911)
      1. Short biography
      2. Life of King Alfred
      3. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
    26. High point of Viking raids in Europe (c. 880-911)
      1. About Sigtuna
      2. Pictures with explanations
      3. A general article
      4. Cormac's saga
      5. Njal's Saga
      6. Grettir's Saga
      7. Heimskringla
      8. An article
    27. Foundation of Cluny (910)
      1. A translation
      2. This entry
    28. Otto the Great of Germany (936-973)
    29. Foundation of Kievan state (c. 950)
      1. A description
    30. Al-Farabi (d. 950)
      1. A short account
      2. Paul Halsall
    31. Byzantine conversion of Russia (c. 988)
      1. The Russian Primary Chronicle
    32. Destruction of Byzantine free peasantry (c. 1025-c. 1100)
    33. Romanesque style in architecture and art (c. 1000-c. 1200)
      1. Four examples
      2. Linked pages
    34. Avicenna (d. 1037)
      1. A biography
      2. A brief biography and discussion
      3. A highly detailed biography
    35. Beginning of reform papacy (1046)
      1. Dictatus papae
      2. A short statement
      3. Excerpts
    36. Agricultural advance, revival of towns and trade in the West (c. 1050-c. 1300)
      1. "A Brief Excursion into Three Agricultural Revolutions"
      2. This page
    37. Schism between Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches (1054)
      1. A brief overview
    38. College of Cardinals assumes sole power to choose new popes (1059)
    39. Norman Conquest of England (1066)
      1. A biographic sketch
      2. The Laws of William the Conqueror
      3. The Bayeux Tapestry
    40. Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines at Manzikert (1071)
      1. A detailed discussion
    41. Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085)
      1. A complete biography
    42. Penance of Henry IV of Germany at Canossa (1077)
      1. A picture and general history
    43. Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
      1. A biography
      2. The Story of My Misfortunes
      3. A summary
    44. St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153)
      1. Excerpt from an 1125 tract
      2. In Praise of the New Knighthood
      3. On Loving God
      4. A biography
    45. First Crusade (1095-1099)
      1. A long essay
      2. Ekkehard
      3. Fulcher of Chartres
      4. Fulcher's account
    46. Song of Roland (c. 1095)
      1. Excerpts
    47. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
      1. A site
      2. An excerpt
      3. Lyrics
    48. Origins of universities in the West (c. 1100-c. 1300)
    49. Troubador poetry (c. 1100-c. 1220)
      1. An article
    50. Henry I of England (1100-1135)
      1. A biographic sketch
    51. Louis VI of France (1108-1137)
    52. Height of Cistercian monasticism (c. 1115-c. 1153)
      1. An entry
    53. Rubaiyat of Umar Khayyam (c. 1120)
      1. Selections
      2. A marvelous slide show
    54. Concordat of Worms ends investiture struggle (1122)
      1. One document
      2. The provisions
    55. Gothic style in architecture and art (c. 1150-c. 1500)
      1. A cathedral
      2. Durham Cathedral
      3. The Amiens Cathedral Project
      4. The cathedral of Chartres
    56. Translation of Aristotle's works into Latin (c. 1140-c. 1260)
    57. Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany (1152-1190)
      1. Five letters
      2. A brief biography
    58. Henry II of England (1154-1189)
      1. A biographical sketch
    59. Peter Lombard's Sentences (c. 1155-1157)
      1. Biographical sketch and a discussion
      2. The list of errors
    60. Poetry of Chrétien de Troyes (c. 1165-c. 1190)
    61. Robert Grosseteste (c. 1168-1253)
    62. Windmill invented (c. 1170)
    63. Philip Augustus of France (1180-1223)
      1. Paris during the time of Philip II
      2. "Paris: Urban Sanitation before the 20th Century"
    64. Crusaders lose Jerusalem to Saladin (1187)
      1. An account
      2. An account
    65. Averroës (d. 1198)
      1. A short biography with bibliography
    66. Pope Innocent III (1198-1216)
      1. "Sermon for the Resurrection of the Lord,"
      2. "Constitution for the Jews."
      3. Innocent's proclamation
    67. Wolfram von Eschenbach (c. 1200
    68. Decline of serfdom in western Europe (c. 1200-1300)
    69. Constantinople taken in the Fourth Crusade (1204)
      1. A thirteen page lecture
    70. Maimonides (d. 1204)
      1. The Thirteen Principles and the Resurrection of the Dead
    71. Venetian and Genoan trading outposts in Byzantine territories (c. 1204-)
    72. Albigensian Crusade (1208-1213)
    73. Founding of Franciscan Order (1210)
      1. A description
      2. Excerpts only
      3. The Franciscans home page
    74. Gottfried von Strassburg (c. 1210)
    75. Spanish victory of Muslims at Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)
    76. Frederick II of Germany and Sicily (1212-1250)
      1. An account
      2. Some photos
      3. A short passage
      4. The Statute in Favor of the Princes, 1231
      5. A short history, with pictures
    77. Roger Bacon (c. 1214-1294)
      1. Some selections
    78. Magna Carta (1215)
      1. The full text only
      2. The original
    79. Fourth Lateran Council (1215)
      1. The text
      2. Other canons
    80. Founding of Dominican Order (1216)
      1. The Nine Ways of Prayer of St. Dominic
      2. Biography
    81. St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
      1. A full biography and discussion
      2. "Tips on Reading Thomas Aquinas"
      3. Some short selections
      4. The full text
    82. Louis IX of France (1226-1270)
      1. Louis' letter
      2. An account
    83. Height of Scholasticism (c. 1250-c. 1277
      1. Scholasticism
      2. An article
    84. Persian poetry of Sadi (c. 1250)
    85. Romance of the Rose (c. 1270)
    86. Edward I of England (1272-1307)
      1. A biographical sketch
    87. Philip IV of France (1285-1314)
    88. William of Ockham (c. 1285-1349)
      1. An article
    89. Mechanical clock invented (c. 1290)
      1. A History of Timekeeping
    90. Fall of last Christian outpost in Holy Land (1291)
      1. A recounting
    91. Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
      1. The text
      2. Unam sanctam
    92. Master Eckhart (c. 1300-c. 1327)
    93. European economic depression (c. 1300-c. 1450)
    94. Magnetic compass invented (c. 1300)
    95. Babylonian Captivity of papacy (1305-1378)
      1. A lecture
    96. Paintings of Giotto (c. 1305-1337)
      1. Good biography
      2. The Web Gallery of Art
    97. Dante's Divine Comedy (c. 1310)
      1. His complete works, his biography, images, links, and more
    98. Floods throughout Western Europe (1315)
    99. Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)<
      1. A collection of descriptions
      2. A succinct overview
    100. Height of nominalism (c. 1320-c. 1500)
      1. An essay
    101. John Wyclif (c. 1330-1384)
    102. Black Death (1347-1350)
        The progress of the plague in England in the 16th and 17th centuries
    103. Political chaos in Germany (c. 1350-c. 1450)
    104. Height of Hanseatic League (c. 1350-c. 1450)
      1. A detailed essay
    105. Boccaccio's Decameron (c. 1350)
      1. The complete text
    106. Persian poetry of Hafiz (c. 1370)
      1. Three poems
    107. Great Schism of papacy (1378-1417))
      1. A brief document
      2. This document
    108. English Peasants' Revolt (1381)
      1. An excerpt
    109. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (c. 1390)
      1. An outstanding site
    110. Medici Bank (1397-1494)
        Some general comments
    111. Paintings of Jan van Eyck (c. 1400-c. 1441)
      1. Several examples of his work plus a brief biographic sketch
      2. A different, though overlapping, collection
    112. John Hus preaches in Bohemia (c. 1408-1415)
      1. An article
      2. the Hussites
      3. Utraquism
    113. Council of Constance (1414-1417)
      1. Sacrosancta
      2. The decree
      3. A list of eighteen abuses
      4. All the sessions
    114. Hussite Revolt (1420-1434)
    115. Imitation of Christ (c. 1427)
      1. The full text
      2. Biography
    116. Activity of Joan of Arc (1429-1431)
      1. Joan of Arc's letter
      2. This article
    117. Council of Basel, defeat of conciliarism (1431-1449)
      1. Entry on this Council
    118. Rise of princes in Germany (c. 1450-c. 1500)
      1. Seven of the seventeen chapters of the Golden Bull
    119. Printing with movable type (c. 1450)
      1. An oustanding essay
      2. article on medieval manuscripts
    120. Capture of Constantinople by Ottoman Turks (1453)
      1. This page
    121. Heavy artillery helps Turks capture Constantinople and French end Hundred Years' War (1453)
      1. An photo (no text)
    122. Reassertion of royal power in France (c. 1453-c. 1513)<
      1. A description
    123. Wars of the Roses in England (1455-1485)
      1. Short sketches
      2. Henry VI
      3. Edward IV
      4. Richard III
      5. Henry VII
    124. Peace among northern Italian states (1454-1485)
    125. Ivan III lays groundwork for Russian Empire (1462-1505)
      1. A couple paragraphs
    126. Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella (1469)
    127. Strong Tudor dynasty in England (1485-1603)
      1. Biography
      2. This is entire site
    9. Rome's Three Heirs: The Byzantine, Islamic, and Early-Medieval Western World
    1. Medieval Life, Medieval Death
      1. Medieval Sourcebook: Introduction
      2. Dictionary of Medieval Terms
      3. The Orb Encyclopedia
      4. Illustrations at Orb
      5. Catholic University NetSERF
      6. Castles on the Web
      7. Labyrinth
      8. Justinian or Theodora
      9. Historia Calamitatum
      10. Women
      11. Thomas Aquinas
      12. marriage
      13. Newly Translated Texts
      14. Webworks
    2. Medieval Monks, Mystics, and Misfits
      1. Athanasius of Alexandria, Life of St. Anthony
      2. The Life of Daniel the Stylite
      3. The Rule of St. Benedict
      4. Gregory I (ca. 480-543), Second Dialogue: Life of St. Benedict
      5. Abbot Suger (d. 1151), On What Was Done in His Administration
      6. The Cistercians' Charta Caritatis
      7. Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215
      8. Fourth Lateran Council: Canon 3 on Heresy, 1215
      9. The Conversion of Peter Waldo
      10. The Testament of St. Francis
      11. Bernard Gui, Inquisitor's Manual
      12. Bernard Gui on the Albigensians
      13. Cathar Rites: Traditio: Immersion in the Perfect Community, from the
      14. Angelo Clareno on an Inquisitorial Torture Session
      15. Peter Abelard (1070-1142), Historia Calamitatum (The Story of My Misfortunes)
        1. Extracts
        2. Full text
      16. Marguerite Porète, The Mirror of Simple Souls
      17. The Life and Works of Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179)
      18. Na Prous Boneta
    3. Pursuit of the Millennium
      1. Last Judgment
      2. The Book of Revelation (The Apocalypse)
      3. Matthew's Gospel, Chapter 24
      4. Augustine's The City of God
        1. Book XVIII
        2. Book XX
      5. Columbus
        1. "Science, Religion, and Columbus's Enterprise of the Indies"
        2. "Wallowing in a Theological Stupor or a Steadfast and Consuming Faith: Scholarly Encounters with Columbus'
        3. 'Libro de lasprofecias' "
        4. "Reflections on the Coincidences of Christopher Columbus's 'Libro de Las Profecias' and the American Dream"
      6. Richard Landes, Giants with Feet of Clay: On the Historiography of the Year 1000
      7. Ralph Glaber, On the First Millennium
      8. Beatus of Liébana, Apocalypse
      9. Tympanum at Conques: Last Judgment
        1. Last Judgment Tympanum, Ste.-Foy, Conques, France
        2. The tympanum of the Last Judgement
      10. Hieronymus Bosch (ca. 1450-1516),
      11. Luca Signorelli (ca. 1441-1523), Last Judgment Signorelli's apocalyptic series is part of the decoration of the cathedral in Orvieto.
        1. Last Judgment: Sermon and Deeds of the Antichrist
        2. Blessed
        3. Damned
        4. Antichirst
        5. Resurrection
      12. Pope John Paul II, As the Third Millennium Draws Near
      13. Center for Millennial Studies
      14. Joachimites, Spiritual Franciscans, or Fraticelli
      15. Peter John Olivi, Selections from the Apocalypse Commentary
      16. Salimbene, On Frederick II
    10. The High Middle Ages (1050-1300): Economic, Social, and Political Institutions
    1. Ceremonial Relationship Between Lord and Vassal
    2. Emancipation of a Serf
    3. The Magna Carta (Significant Provisions)
    11. The High Middle Ages (1050-1300): Religious and Intellectual Developments
    1. Gregory VII on the Pope's Perogatives
    2. Letter to Gregory VII
    3. Dante on Monarchial Government
    4. Gregory VII: Conception of the Pope's Prerogatives
    5. Pope Urban II: Speech at the Council of Clermont
    6. The Rationalism of St. Thomas Aquinas
    7. Opus Majus
    12. The Later Middle Ages (1300-1500)
    1. Thomas Kempis: "Of the Inward Life"
    2. Thomas Kempis: "Of Good Government" and "That a Man should not be Fretful in Matters of Business"
    IV. The Early-Modern World
  • Timelines
    1. John Calvin
      1. Biography of Calvin
      2. Short biography
      3. Institutes of the Christian Religion
        1. Book 1 (591k)
        2. Book 2
        3. Book 3 (1221k)
        4. Book 4 (1206k)
      4. On the Christian Life (from Book 3 of Institutes)
      5. A portrait
    2. Ignatius Loyola
      1. Spiritual Exercises
      2. A portrait
    3. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre<
      1. An early description of the event
      2. The Liturgical Year in Renaissance France
    4. Gustavus Adolphus
      1. About his famous warship
      2. A portrait
    5. Oliver Cromwell
      1. HWC
    6. Pope Innocent VIII
      1. A translation of
      2. Biographic sketch from New Advent
      3. Shorter sketch from the Ecole Initiative
    7. Henry of Navarre
      1. A portrait
    8. Spanish Armada
      1. Elizabeth's Speech Regarding the Armada
      2. Announcement of English victory in the
      3. Queen Elizabeth's speech to the home guard upon the approach of the Armada
    9. Charles I of England
      1. Some visuals of Charles and his court
    10. Augsburg Confession
      1. The Confession
    11. Montaigne
      1. On Cannibals
      2. Complete Essays
    12. Bishop Bossuet
      1. Extracts from his essay on kingship
    13. Louis XIV
      1. Two contemporary descriptions of Louis
    14. John Locke
      1. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
      2. Other works
    15. Cossacks
      1. A personal page, but a good description
      2. A short description of the Cossacks
    16. Thomas More
      1. A short biography
      2. Another biography
      3. Biography in the Catholic Encyclopedia
      4. A description of Thomas More by Erasmus
      5. More's writings, including Utopia and his history of Richard III
    17. Copernicus
      1. Biographic sketch
      2. A biography
      3. A discussion of Copernicus' orbital theories
    18. Machiavelli
      1. Full text of "The Prince"
    19. Erasmus
      1. In Praise of Folly
    20. Neoplatonism
      1. A very short account of Plotinus
    21. Fall of Constantinople
      1. A description of the fall, plus a poem on the last Byzantine emperor
    22. Charles VIII of France
      1. A picture of the castle where Charles died
      2. Contract of marriage between Anne of Brittany and Charles of France
    23. Henry VIII
      1. Shakespeare's play
      2. Suppression of the English Monasteries under Henry VIII
    24. Vesalius
      1. Several drawings and one painting by Vesalius
    25. Luther
      1. Project Wittenberg
    26. Zwingli
        A biography
      1. Zwingli's views on the Lord's Supper
    27. Petrarch
      1. Selected sonnets
      2. A selection of his letters,
    28. Donatello
      1. David and Goliath
      2. complete collection
    29. Masaccio
      1. A few of his paintings
      2. A bit of biography and some discussion of his style
    30. Botticelli
      1. Several paintings and a short biography
    31. Da Vinci
      1. Several paintings and a short biography
    32. Dürer
      1. Several paintings and a short biography
    33. Ariosto
      1. A description of his work
      2. Full text of Orlando Furioso
    34. Michelangelo
      1. Several paintings and a short biography
      2. A biography, some pictures, and lots of links
      3. Pictures and biography
    35. Raphael
      1. Several paintings and a short biography
    36. Sistine Chapel
      1. A very complete collection of pictures
    37. Sack of Rome
      1. A readable account
    38. Philip II of Spain
      1. A short biography
    39. Brueghel
      1. Several paintings and a short biography
    40. Palestrina
      1. Some biographical information and a short discussion of his music
      2. A longer biography
    41. Council of Trent
      1. Description of events and assessment
    42. Galileo
      1. A biography
      2. The Art of Renaissance Science: Galileo and Perspective
      3. The Galileo Project
      4. Institute and Museum of the History of Science
      5. Galileo's drawing of sunspots
      6. Two New Sciences
    43. Kepler
      1. A biography
    44. Colbert
      1. "On the financial disorders in France"
    45. Antoine Watteau
      1. Pierrot, painting
    46. Peter the Great of Russia
      1. A short biography
    47. Charles II of England
      1. Brittania biographic sketch
    48. George III of Britain
      1. Brittania biographic sketch
    49. Catherine the Great of Russia
      1. A very short biographic sketch
      2. Another sketch
    50. Linnaeus
      1. Short biography
    51. David Hume
      1. His autobiography
      2. Hume Society
      3. A biography
      4. An Essay on Human Understanding
      5. Hume's writings
    52. Diderot
      1. Denis Diderot
    53. Condorcet
      1. Biography
    54. Lavoisier
      1. short example
      2. pseudo-news account of Lavoisier's execution
      3. Biography from the Catholic Encyclopedia
    55. South Sea Bubble
      1. The Bubble Project
    56. Henry Fielding
      1. Tom Jones
      2. Biographic sketch
    57. Haydn
      1. A biographic sketch
      2. A very complete site in Austria
    58. Edward Gibbon
      1. Biographic sketch
      2. A commentary on Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
      3. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
    59. Mozart
      1. A biographic sketch
      2. Much more detailed biographic information
      3. Mozart's works
      4. detailed timelines covering Mozart's life
      5. Mozart's works
    60. John Wesley
      1. A Short History of Methodism
      2. The Character of a Methodist
      3. A short biography of Wesley
    61. Cardinal Richelieu
      1. Biography from the Catholic Encyclopedia
    62. El Greco
      1. Nineteen pictures
      2. biography
      3. eighteen paintings with commentary and a short bio.
    63. Cervantes
      1. Don Quixote
      2. biography of Cervantes
      3. Cervantes Project 2001
    64. Elizabeth I
      1. collection of material about Elizabeth
    65. Society of Jesus
      1. Very full treatment in the Catholic Encyclopedia
    66. Harvey
      1. college term paper on Harvey
      2. Biographic sketch
    67. Pascal
      1. A biography
      2. Pensées
      3. Provincial Letters
    68. Edict of Nantes
      1. revocation
    69. Thirty Years' War
      1. Weapons and accoutrements of the Thirty Years War
      2. Treaty of Westphalia
      3. Swedish warship
      4. short essay on the war
      5. short account of the Great Elector
    70. Mercantilism
      1. excerpts from Colbert's writings
      2. Gustav Schmoller on mercantilism
    71. Glorious Revolution
      1. Glorious Revolution
      2. Latest Lottery Results : 6/49, Super 7, Ontario 49, Lottario, Western 469, BC 49, plus more
    13. The Civilization of the Renaissance
    1. Art of the Catholic Reformation
      1. Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent
        1. On the Invocation, Veneration, and Relics of Saints and on Sacred Images
        2. Decree on Reformation
        3. Decree on the Sacraments
        4. The complete text
      2. Ignatius Loyola, Spiritual Exercises
      3. The Paintings of El Greco
        1. List of paintings
        2. List of paintings (cont'd)
      4. Baroque Art
      5. The Paintings of Caravaggio
      6. St. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582), Autobiography
        1. Chapter 19
        2. Chapter 29
      7. Bernini, St. Teresa in Ecstasy (ca. 1647-1652)
      8. Portrait of St. Teresa of Avila
      9. Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680), Piazza of St. Peter's, Rome, 1655-1667
      10. Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Baldacchino, St. Peter's, Rome, 1624-1633
      11. Giacomo Della Porta (1538-1602); Giacomo Vignola, (1507-1573), Il Gesu, Rome, 1571-1577
      12. Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Triumph of the Name of Jesus; Il Gesu, Rome 1672-1685
      13. Paolo Veronese (1528-1588), Feast in the House of Levi
    2. The Mind of the Conqueror
      1. Cortés' Second Letter to the Emperor
      2. The war of conquest: how it was waged here in Mexico
      3. Spanish Conquest of Cuba
      4. Letter to the King of Spain
      5. Relaciones Geográficas
      6. Huejotzingo Codex
      7. image
      8. Recompilation of the Laws of the Indies
      9. Another page
      10. 36 Florentine Codex
      11. A Nahua Testament and a Nahua Land Grant.
      12. Castaways: The Narrative of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
      13. Chronology of Voyages of Exploration
      14. Europe
      15. British Museum
      16. Toltec-Aztec Culture
      17. Alvarado
      18. Indigenous Culture--Background and Artifacts
        1. University of Guadalajara
        2. WebMuseum of Latin America
      19. Other Conquerors and Colonists
        1. Columbus' Description of Landing in the Americas
        2. Columbus' Letter to the King and Queen of Spain (ca. 1494)
        3. A Brief and True Report on the Newfound Land of Virginia (1588)
        4. John Smith's Description of New England (1614)
        5. The Proceedings of the English Colony in Virginia
        6. (1604)
        7. excerpt
        8. 1492: An Ongoing Voyage
        9. Age of Discovery
        10. Pictures
        11. On Cannibals
    3. Painting Women in the Renaissance
      1. The Goodman of Paris
      2. Boccaccio (1313-1375), Decameron
      3. St. Bernardino of Siena (1380-1444): Two Sermons on Wives and Widows
      4. Malleus Maleficarum
        1. Web text
        2. Realistic text
      5. Lavinia Fontana (1552-1614)
      6. Sofonisba Anguissola (ca.1531-1626)
      7. Titian (c.1490-1576)
        1. Webmuseum, Paris
        2. Penitent Mary Magdalen
      8. Jan van Eyck (ca.1395-1441), The Arnolfini Marriage
      9. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
        1. Portrait of Cecilia Gallarani (Lady with the Ermine)
        2. Portrait of Ginevra de Benci
      10. St. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582)
      11. St. John of the Cross (1542-1591)
      12. Petrarch (1304-1374), Sonnets (Canzonieri)
      13. Christine de Pisan (ca. 1363-1434), The Book of the City of Ladies
      14. Portraits of Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
        1. Elizabeth I, Gallery No. 2
        2. Elizabeth in procession to Blackfriars in 1600
        3. Elizabeth in 1592
        4. Sample D
      15. Margaret Paston
    4. Rome Reborn
      1. Pompeii
      2. The City of Rome
      3. Gothic Cathedrals
      4. Filippo Brunelleschi's Pazzi Chapel
      5. Statues of the Emperors and Roman Leaders
      6. Medieval Sculpture--Last Judgment Tympanum, Ste.-Foy, Conques, France
      7. Michelangelo
      8. Sala di Costantino
      9. Roman Sites, Architecture
        1. Pantheon
        2. Arch of Constantine
        3. Basilica of Maxentius
        4. Colosseum
        5. Baths of Diocletian
      10. Interior of St. Peter's
        1. Interiore
        2. Baldacchino
      11. Raphael, School of Athens
      12. Palladio's Italian Villas
      13. Rome Reborn-Vatican Exhibit
      14. Jefferson's Monticello
      15. Horatio Greenough, George Washington
    14. Europe Expands and Divides: Overseas Discoveries and Protestant Reformation
    1. Art of the Catholic Reformation
    2. The Mind of the Conqueror
    3. Painting Women in the Renaissance
    4. Rome Reborn
    5. Columbus: Letter to Louis of Santangel
    6. Martin Luther: On Rebelion Against Rulers
    7. Martin Luther: Treatise on Good Works
    8. John Calvin: Doctrine of Predestination
    9. John Calvin: On Civil
    10. Council of Trent
    15. A Century of Crisis for Early-Modern Europe (c. 1560-1660)
    1. House of Commons: Reply to King James I (1604)
    2. Leviathan
    16. The Economy and Society of Early-Modern Europe
    1. Erasmus: Life in Sixteenth Century England (excerpt)
    2. Adam Smith: "On the Principle of Mercantilism"
    3. Some Results of the Enclosure Movement in England
    4. Piratical Exploits
    17. The Age of Absolutism (1660-1789)
    1. John Locke:
    2. English Bill of Rights
    3. The Age of Absolutism in Europe
    18. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
    1. John Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding
    2. Voltaire: Personification of the Enlightenment
    3. Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason
    4. The Proper Study of Mankind: The Encyclopedia
    5. Marquis de Condorcet: The Progress of the Human Mind
    6. Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Stoic Philosophy
    7. Cartesian Dualism. France
    V.The French and Industrial Revolutions and their Consequences
  • Timelines
    1. Romantic movement (1690-1850)
      1. The Romantic Chronology
      2. Tour page
    2. James Watt's steam engine patented (1769)
      1. A complete book
      2. A biography
      3. A full book biography
    3. Spinning jenny patented (1770)
    4. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
      1. A resource site
      2. A series of pages
    5. Louis XVI (1774-1792)
    6. American War of Independence (1775-1783)
      1. A site
      2. The American Declaration of Independence
    7. Beginning of factory system (1780s)
      1. Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
      2. Letter from Leeds Cloth Merchants, 1791.
      3. The Life of the Industrial Worker in 19th-Century England
      4. Excerpts from The Condition of the Working-Class in England, published by Friedrich Engels in 1844.
    8. French Revolution begins (1789)
      1. An excerpt from the Marquis de Condorcet on "The Future Progress of the Human Mind."
      2. "The Social Contract" by Rousseau.
      3. A detailed chronology of the French Revolution
      4. A chronology
      5. A longer essay by Gwynne Lewis on the historical significance of the French Revolution
      6. This document
    9. Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789)
      1. The quintessential statement
      2. Declaration of the Rights of Women
    10. Jeremy Bentham, The Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)
      1. The first four chapters
    11. Utilitarianism (1790-1870)
      1. The full text of John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism, first published in 1863.
      2. An essay
      3. An article
    12. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
      1. An excerpt from Book III, "The Errors of the French Revolution."
      2. More extended excerpts
      3. The entire text
    13. Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man (1791-1792)
      1. The full text
    14. Declaration of Pilnitz (1791)
      1. An excerpt
      2. Some excerpts from Faust.
    15. France declared a republic (1792)
      1. This document
    16. The Terror (1793-1794)
      1. A classic statement
      2. Another work
    17. Cotton gin invented (1793)
      1. Some exposition
      2. A piece
    18. Edward Jenner develops smallpox vaccine (1796)
      1. Home page
    19. Thomas Malthus An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)
      1. Excerpts From the Modern History SourceBook at Fordham University.
    20. William Wordsworth, Lyrical Ballads (1798)
      1. "The world is too much with us"
      2. The complete works
      3. A collection of links
    21. Napoleon declared first consul of France (1799)
      1. One of Napoleon's speeches
    22. Treaty of Lunéville (1801)
    23. Napoleon declared first consul for life (1802)
    24. Napoleon crowns himself emperor of the French (1804)
      1. An official statement
      2. The Napoleon Series
    25. Napoleonic Code (1804)
    26. Continental System established (1806)
    27. G.W. Hegel, Phenomenology of the Spirit (1807)
      1. A collection of excerpts
      2. Summary and biographical sketch
    28. J.G. Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation (1808)
      1. Biographical sketch
      2. A brief excerpt
    29. Reforms of Stein and Hardenberg, Prussia (1808)
      1. An essay
    30. Louis Blanc (1811-1882)
      1. An excerpt from Blanc's The Organisation of Labour,
    31. Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1812)
      1. A site
      2. A large collection
      3. A starting point
    32. Napoleon abdicates (1814)
    33. Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
    34. Battle of Waterloo (1815)
      1. A detailed essay
      2. Thirteen photos
    35. "Peterloo Massacre," England (1819)
    36. Congress of Vienna (1822)
    37. Monroe Doctrine (1823)
      1. The doctrine
    38. "Decembrist" revolt, Russia (1825)
    39. First railway, England (1825)
      1. The entire text
    40. Greek independence (1829)
    41. Honoré de Balzac, The Human Comedy (1829-1841)
    42. Revolution in France (1830)
    43. Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People (1830)
      1. His best known work
      2. biography
      3. several other paintings
    44. "Young Italy" (1831)
      1. An excerpt from Mazzini's "Europe: Its Condition and Prospect".
    45. Reform Bill of 1832, England
    46. Slavery abolished, British colonies (1833)
    47. Poor law reform, England (1834)
    48. Chartist movement, England (1838-1848)
      1. An essay
      2. An extensive, annotated bibliography
    49. Corn Laws repealed, England (1846)
    50. Revolutions in Europe (1848)
      1. A single page with several short tracts
    51. John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy (1848)<
      1. This site
    52. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood formed (1848)
      1. The Complete Writings and Pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti
      2. A short introduction
      3. A short biography
      4. John Ruskin
    53. Second Republic, France (1848)
    54. Frankfurt Assembly, Germany (1848-1849)
      1. Articles
      2. Frankfurt Assembly
    55. Reign of Louis Napoleon (1851-1870)
    56. Crimean War (1854-1856)
      1. A historical account
      2. Tennyson's poem
    57. Richard Wagner, The Ring of the Nibelung (1854-1874)
      1. Photos and notes
      2. An overview
      3. A translation of the medieval legend
      4. Introductory Sketch
    58. Charles Dickens, Hard Times (1854)
      1. The Dickens House Museum
      2. Charles Dickens
      3. This collection
    59. Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary (1857)
      1. Madame Bovary
    60. Unification of Italy (1858-1866)
    61. Civil War, United States (1861-1865)
      1. An index
    62. Emancipation of the serfs, Russia (1861)
      1. Emancipation proclamation by Tsar Alexander.
    63. Parliamentary Reform Bill, England (1867)
    64. Union Pacific railroad, United States (1869)
      1. Web site
    65. Franco-Prussian War (1870)
    19. The French Revolution
    1. Fight for Rights
      1. James I (1603-1625) and Parliament
      2. Gerrard Winstanley (b. 1609), The True Levellers Standard Advanced
      3. The Declaration of Right (February, 1689) (extracts)
      4. John Locke (1632-1704), Second Treatise on Government
      5. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), Leviathan
      6. De Thou, The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day (August 24, 1572)
      7. Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642), Political Testament
      8. Extracts from Bishop Jacques Bossuet's (1627-1704) Work on Kingship
      9. Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), On Cannibals
      10. Voltaire (1694-1778), Candide
      11. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), Discourse on Inequality, No. 2
      12. Jean Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract (1762)
      13. The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen (1789); Olympe de Gouges, The Declaration of Rights of Woman (1791)
      14. Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers
      15. The Doctrine of Graccus Babeuf
      16. Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, Death of Socrates, The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons, The Death of Marat, The Sabine Women Enforcing Peace, Madame David, Madame Récamier, and Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I
    2. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (France)
    3. Saint-Just: Republican Institutions
    4. The Imperial Catechism of Napoleon I
    5. A British Commentary: The Capture of Napoleon
    6. de Las Cases: Napoleon on St. Helena
    20. The Industrial Revolution
    1. J.R. McCulloch: The Principles of Political Economy
    2. The Sadler Report: Parliamentarly Investigations into Child Labor
    21. Consequences of Industrialization: Urbanization and Class Consciousness (1800-1850)
    1. William Graham Sumner: A Defense of Free Enterprise
    2. Robert Owen: The Basis of Utopian Socialism
    3. Thomas Malthus: On the Principle of Population
    4. David Ricardo: The Labor Theory of Value
    22. The Rise of Liberalism (1815-1870)
    1. Justin McCarthy: The Epoch of Reform
    2. The Aims of the Chartists
    3. John Stuart Mill: On Liberty
    4. Louis Napoleon: Speech at Bordeaux
    23. Nationalism and Nation-Building
    1. Otto Von Bismarck: Contriving a War with France
    2. Proclamation of the German Empire, 1871
    3. Thomas Jefferson: First Inaugural Address
    4. Andrew Jackson: First Annual Message to Congress, 1829
    5. James Madison: The Federalist, No. 10
    VI.The West at the World's Center
  • Timelines
    1. Franco-Prussian War (1870)
      1. The complete text
      2. The full book
      3. Some "mini-lectures"
      4. The Descent of Man
      5. An excerpt of Progress: Its Law and Causes by Herbert Spencer
    2. Tolstoy, War and Peace (1862-1869)
      1. The entire novel
      2. On Tolstoy's Death: A young student's memoir
      3. Photo: Tolstoy in his study, Moscow
    3. Dominion of Canada established (1867)
      1. The text
    4. Marx, Capital (1867)
      1. Das Kapital
      2. Contemporary newspaper interviews
    5. Opening of Suez Canal (1869)
      1. The full history
    6. First commercially practical electrical generator (1870)
    7. Gilchrist-Thomas steel process (1870s)
    8. Impressionism in art (1870-1900)
      1. A collection
      2. Another collection of impressionist paintings
    9. Paris Commune (1871)
      1. A chronology
      2. Address by Frederick Engels on the 20th anniversary of the Paris Commune.
      3. Pictures of the Paris Commune
    10. Kulturkampf, Germany (1872)
      1. A discussion of Kulturkampf discussed in the context of Bismarckian Germany, by Raffael Scheck.
    11. League of Three Emperors (1873)
      1. Text of an agreement from 1881.
    12. Constitution for Third French Republic (1875)
      1. A brief chronology
    13. Germ theory of disease (1875)
    14. End of First International (1876)
      1. A summary
    15. Congress of Berlin (1878)
    16. European scramble for Africa begins (1879)
      1. The French in West Africa: Early Contact to Independence by Stephen Wooten.
    17. Thomas Edison invents the light bulb (1879)
      1. The Edison National Historic Site Website
      2. A short biography
    18. Growth of finance capitalism (1880s)
    19. Functionalism in architecture (1880-1890)
    20. Social welfare legislation, Germany (1882-1884)
    21. British invasion of Egypt (1882)
    22. Triple Alliance formed (1882)
    23. Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883)
      1. The complete text
      2. The Parable of the Madman
    24. Émile Zola, Germinal (1885)
      1. The full text
      2. An overview
    25. Berlin conference on imperialism (1885)
    26. Pan-Slavism (1890-1914)
    27. Sherman Anti-Trust Act, United States (1890)
    28. Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler (1890)
      1. A biography
    29. Méline tariff (1892)
    30. Dreyfus affair (1894-1899)
    31. Spanish-American War (1898-1902)
      1. A centennial site
    32. Boer War (1899-1902)
    33. Women's suffrage movement, England (1900-1914)
    34. Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
      1. Extracts, from Reading about the World at Washington State University.
      2. The full text
      3. A biographical sketch
    35. Lenin, What is to Be Done? (1902)
      1. Excerpts from the work at the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
    36. Ivan Pavlov, Nobel Prize for Physiology (1904)
      1. Short biography, plus links, from the Nobel Prize Internet Archive.
    37. Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905)
      1. A summary
    38. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
    39. Social welfare legislation, France (1905; 1910)
    40. Cubism in art (1905-1930)
      1. Cubism
      2. A short entry
    41. Albert Einstein, development of relativity theory (1905-1910)
      1. An interpretation by Bertrand Russell of Einstein's theories for the Encyclopedia Britannica.
    42. Social welfare legislation, England (1906-1912)
    43. Triple Entente formed (1907)
    44. Bosnian Crisis (1908)
    45. Revolt of the Young Turks (1908)
      1. A discussion
      2. A short biography
    46. Balkan Wars (1912-1913)
    47. Stravinsky, Rite of Spring (1913)
    48. First World War (1914-1918)
      1. The Internet Modern History Sourcebook
      2. World War I: Trenches on the Web
      3. Selected Tours
      4. Aftermath: When the Boys Came Home
      5. Under Fire
      6. Canada: An Historical Perspective
      7. War Prison Barracks Three
      8. The World War I Document Archive
    49. Easter Rebellion, Ireland (1916)
      1. A proclamation of the Irish Republic.
    50. U.S. enters World War I (1917)
    51. Russian Revolution (1917)
      1. The End of European Hegemony
    52. Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West (1918)
    53. Bauhaus established (1919)
    54. Treaty of Versailles (1919)
      1. The entire text of the Treaty of Versailles,
    55. Socialist revolution, Germany (1919)
    56. League of Nations (1920-1946)
      1. The Covenant of the League of Nations
    57. German inflation (1920s)
    58. Surrealism and Dadaism (1920s)
      1. A surrealist "manifesto"
    59. Writers of the "Lost Generation" (1920-1930)
      1. The Lost Generation
      2. A list
    60. Soviet industrialization (1920s-1930s)
    61. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-philosophicus (1921)
      1. A biographical entry
      2. A short lecture/essay
    62. NEP, Russia (1921)
    63. T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land (1922)
      1. What the Thunder Said
      2. A searchable database
    64. James Joyce, Ulysses (1922)
      1. The James Joyce Resource Center
      2. Short biographies
      3. An enthusiastic, realiable, and informative review
    65. Mussolini's march on Rome (1922)
      1. Short biography
      2. Mussolini's entry
    66. Hitler's attempted putsch (1923)
      1. A description
    67. New constitution, Soviet Union (1924)
    68. Locarno agreements (1925)
    69. Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925)
      1. An excerpt from Mein Kampf
    70. Great Depression (1929-1940)
    71. Discovery of viruses, sulfa drugs, and penicillin (1930s)
    72. Neo-realism in art (1930s)
    73. Japan invades Manchuria (1931)
    74. Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany (1933)
      1. An essay
    75. New Deal, United States (1933-1940)
      1. An entire site
    76. National armament programs (1935)
    77. Italy conquers Ethiopia (1935-1936)
      1. The World War II Timeline
      2. Mike Cutri's article
    78. Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)
    79. Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
    80. Picasso, Guernica (1937)
      1. A complete site
      2. A virtual exhibition
      3. A detailed look
    81. Germany annexes Austria (1938)
    82. Munich Conference (1938)
    83. Nazi-Soviet pact (1939)
    84. Discovery of atomic fission (1939)
    85. Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath (1939)
      1. The National Steinbeck Center
    86. Second World War (1939-1945)
      1. World War Two section of Yahoo
    87. United States enters war (1941)
      1. A detailed chronology
      2. The History Place
      3. The official declaration of war
    88. Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness (1943)
      1. A short biography
    89. Allied invasion of Normandy (1944)
      1. The Operation Overlord site.
    90. First atomic bomb test (1945)
      1. radiation monitoring
      2. eyewitness accounts
      3. Envirolink
    91. Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)
      1. Nagasaki Journey
      2. The Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum
    92. United Nations founded (1945)
      1. The full text
      2. Declaration of Human Rights
      3. Milestones in United Nations History
    93. Yalta and Potsdam conferences (1945)
      1. A paragraph
      2. The Protocol
      3. Unconditional surrender from Japan
      4. An outline
    94. Orwell, Animal Farm (1946)
      1. The first two chapters of Animal Farm
      2. A short biography
    24. International Industrialization and Imperialism (1870-1914)
    1. Modern Architecture
      1. Johann Neumann (1687-1753), Residenz, Würzburg
        1. Exterior Façade (thumbnail)
        2. Interior: Hofkirche, view to entrance (thumbnail)
      2. Barry and Pugin, Houses of Parliament (begun 1836)
        1. Exterior: from southwest (thumbnail)
        2. Detail: chandelier in central lobby (thumbnail)
      3. Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923)
        1. Exterior view (thumbnail)
        2. Exterior: ironwork (thumbnail)
      4. Joseph Paxton, Crystal Palace (1851)
        1. Interior: transept with elm
      5. Joseph Maria Olbrich, Secession Building (1898)
      6. Sagrada Familia Start Date: 1883, Barcelona, Spain
          Exterior detail: central figures, east (Nativity) portico
      7. Horta House and Studio, Brussels, Belgium, 1898-1911
        1. Interior view: stairwell and skylight
        2. Interior view: built-in cupboard
      8. Antonio Sant'Elia, Manifesto of Futurist Architecture (1914)
      9. Wainwright Building, Saint Louis, Missouri (1891)
        1. Exterior: multistory detail
      10. Walter Gropius, Fagus Shoe Factory (1911)
      11. Bauhaus
        1. Overview
        2. Brief history
      12. Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago, Illinois (1951)<
        1. Exterior: towers from parking area
      13. Eero Saarinen<
        1. Trans World Airlines terminal at New York International Airport (now John F. Kennedy International Airport) (1956-1962)
      14. I. M. Pei, Grands Pyramides du Louvre and East Building, National Gallery
      15. Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959), Unity Temple
      16. Johnson Wax Headquarters
      17. Robie House
      18. Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959), Falling Water (Kaufmann House)
    2. Senator Albert J. Beveridge: American Imperialism<
    3. Platform of the Anti-Imperialist League
    4. Rudyard Kipling: White Man's Burden
    5. John A. Hobson: The Evolution of Modern Capitalism
    25. The Middle Class Challenged
    1. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto
    2. Alfred Russel Wallace: An Exposition of Darwinism by a Contemporary Naturalist
    3. Sigmund Freud: Civilization and Its Discontents
    4. Herbert Spencer: Social Statics
    26. A Delicate Equilibrium (1870-1914)
    1. Captain Alfred Dreyfus: Five Years of My Life
    2. The Entente Cordial, 1904
    3. David Lloyd George: Mansion House Speech of July, 1911
    4. Peter Kropotkin: The Assassination of Alexander II
    5. American Reformism: Platform of the Populist Party
    6. The Franco-Russian Alliance of 1892
    27. The First World War
    1. Bethmann Hollweg: Germany's War Aims, September, 1914<
    2. Woodrow Wilson: War Message to Congress
    3. Woodrow Wilson: Speech on the Fourteen Points
    4. Extracts from the Treaty of Versailles
    28. Turmoil Between the Wars
    1. Benito Mussolini: The Basic Philosophy of Facism
    2. Adolf Hitler: Theories of Race and German Expansion
    3. V.I. Lenin: Theory of Communist Morality
    4. V. I. Lenin: What Communism Really Means
    29. The Second World War
    1. Neville Chamberlain: Peace in our Time
    2. Neville Chamberlain: Radio Address to the German People
    3. Franklin D. Roosevelt: The "Four Freedoms"
    4. United Nations Charter
    VII.The Emergence of a World Civilization
  • Timelines
    1. Jackson Pollock, (1912-1956)
      1. A discussion of a single Pollock work, Male and Female.
      2. Sleeping Effort Number 3
    2. Stalin’s dictatorship, U.S.S.R. (1927-1953)
      1. A brief biography
      2. Biographical links
    3. Andy Warhol (1930-1987)
      1. The Andy Warhol Museum
      2. This private site
    4. Second World War (1939-1945)
      1. Earthstation1
      2. A site
      3. World War II Resources
    5. Richard Wright, Native Son (1940)
      1. A discussion
      2. This PBS site
    6. Communist regimes established in Eastern Europe (1945-1948)
    7. Abstract expressionism in art (mid-1940s)
      1. The Utah Museum of Fine Arts
      2. Coverage
      3. The WebMuseum
    8. Independence of India and Pakistan (1947)
    9. Truman Doctrine (1947)
      1. The text
    10. Vietnam War, French phase (1947-1954)
      1. The Asia Society
    11. Marshall Plan (1948)
      1. The speech by Secretary of State George C. Marshall
      2. A brief biography
      3. Marshall Plan 50th Anniversary Site.
    12. State of Israel proclaimed (1948)
      1. The state of Israel
      2. Commemorative Issue, The Palestine Post, Sunday, May 16, 1948.
    13. Yugoslavia breaks with Soviet Union (1948)
    14. Berlin Blockade and Airlift(1948-1949)
      1. "Berlin Arlift"
      2. CARE
      3. The U.S. Air Force's official commemorative site
    15. Apartheid policy in South Africa (1948-1991)
      1. Nelson Mandela's autobiography
    16. Division of Germany (1949)
    17. NATO formed (1949)
      1. The text of the North Atlantic Treaty,
    18. Communist regime in China (1949-)
      1. The University of California at San Diego
      2. The Army Area Handbook
    19. Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949-1950)
      1. A brief biography
    20. Korean War (1950-1953)
      1. The Veterans Affairs department of Canada
      2. The Korean War Project
    21. European Coal and Steel Community created (1951)
      1. The ECSC
    22. Hydrogen Bomb (1952)
      1. The Bikini Atoll
    23. Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot (1952)
    24. Egypt becomes a republic (1952-1953)
      1. Nasser
      2. Sadat
    25. Discovery of polio vaccine (1953)
    26. Discovery of DNA (1953)
      1. A biography of James Dewey Watson
    27. Khrushchev leader of U.S.S.R. (1953-1964)
      1. Khrushchev's Dossier
      2. State Department archive
      3. Brief biography
    28. Independence begins for British colonies in Africa (1954)
    29. Algerian war of independence (1954-1962)
      1. Proclamation
      2. A short entry
    30. Warsaw Pact formed (1955)
    31. Hungarian revolt (1956)
      1. A scholarly paper
    32. Suez crisis (1956)
    33. Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago (1957)
      1. A summary
    34. Sputnik launched (1957)
      1. NASA
    35. European Common Market established (1958)
    36. Günter Grass, The Tin Drum (1959)
      1. The film
      2. Grass' commentary
    37. Establishment of Castro regime in Cuba (1959)
    38. Conflict in the Congo (1960)
    39. "Pop" art (1960s)
      1. The Pop Art Project
      2. Article
    40. Independence of French colonies in Africa (1960)
    41. Black civil rights movement, U.S. (1960-1968)
      1. The NAACP
    42. Youth "revolution" (1960s)
      1. The Digger archives
      2. The Summer of Love site
      3. Port Huron Statement
    43. Women’s liberation movement (1960s-1970s)
    44. Berlin Wall built (1961)
      1. A history
      2. Building the Wall
    45. François Truffaut, Jules and Jim (1961)
      1. A review
    46. Cuban missile crisis (1962)
      1. A famous photo
      2. One of the reconnaissance photographs
      3. More on Bobby and the Cuban Missile Crisis
    47. James Baldwin, The Fire Next Time (1963)
      1. James Baldwin: An Appreciation
    48. Vietnam War, American phase (1963-1975)
      1. Vietnam: A Television History
      2. Robert Brigham
      3. The Asia Society
    49. Era of military rule begins in Africa (1964)
    50. Brezhnev leader of U.S.S.R. (1964-1982)
    51. Arthur Penn, Bonnie and Clyde (1967)
    52. Six-Day War (1967)
      1. Overview article, The Anatomy of the Arab-Israeli Conflict .
      2. Summary of the 6 Day War.
    53. Civil war, Nigeria (1967-1970)
    54. Czechoslovakian revolt (1968)
    55. Student riots in Paris (1968)
    56. Martin Luther King, Jr., assassinated (1968)
      1. "I See The Promise Land" sermon
    57. Manned spacecraft lands on moon (1969)
      1. NASA's Apollo 11 25th Anniversary site
    58. Advent of automation (1970s)
    59. India-Pakistan War (1971)
      1. Time article: Conflict in Asia: India v Pakistan .
      2. Time article: Dec. 13, 1971: India and Pakistan: Over the Edge.
    60. Bernardo Bertolucci, Last Tango in Paris (1972)
    61. Republic of Bangladesh (1972)
      1. Time articles: The Bloody Birth of Bangladesh Section; and Out of War, a Nation Is Born.
    62. First SALT agreements signed (1972)
      1. A summary of SALT II can be found at the U.S. Arms Control & Disarmament Agency.
    63. Watergate scandal, U.S. (1972-1974)
      1. 25th anniversary commemoration
      2. An extensive site
      3. ABC News
    64. OPEC oil embargo (1973)
      1. The U.S. Energy Information Administration
    65. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago (1974)<
      1. The Washington Post
    66. Civil War in Angola (1975-1994)
      1. A history
    67. Worldwide inflation and unemployment (late 1970s and early 1980s)
    68. Revolution in Iran (1979)
    69. World Bank’s Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa launched (1979)
      1. A report
    70. Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan (1979-1989)
    71. Solidarity movement organizes strikes in Poland (1980)
      1. Time "Man of the Year" article on Lech Walesa , Solidarity leader.
    72. Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988)
      1. A fairly detailed essay
    73. U.S. rejection of SALT II agreement (1981)
    74. Toxic gas leak in Bhopal, India (1984)
    75. Gorbachev leader of U.S.S.R. (1985-1991)
      1. His own home page
    76. AIDS virus found outside Africa (1986)
    77. Explosion of U.S. space shuttle Challenger (1986)
      1. NASA
    78. Nuclear accident at Chernobyl, U.S.S.R. (1986)
      1. Scientific American
      2. The Polyn Project
    79. Stock market crash, U.S. (1987)
      1. Brief article
    80. Solidarity leaders elected to run Poland (1989)
    81. Fall of Berlin Wall (1989)
      1. A brief account
      2. A personal account
      3. A 1962 East German document
      4. A history
      5. Celebration at demolition
    82. Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989)
      1. The Oil Spill Public Information Center
    83. Germany reunited (1990)
      1. Chronicle of German Unification
    84. Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (1990)
    85. Eastern European countries restore market economies (1990s)
    86. Nelson Mandela freed (1990)
    87. Government-ANC talks begin in South Africa (1990)<
      1. African National Congress
      2. The Index of ANC Information
    88. Persian Gulf War (1991)
      1. Diary of an Iraqi soldier
      2. Several interviews
    89. Dissolution of U.S.S.R. (1991)
      1. A description of events in Moscow in October 1993, when Yeltsin stopped an attempted counter-revolution.
    90. Rio summit on environment (1992)
      1. The Rio Declaration
    91. War in Bosnia (1992-1995)
      1. CNN - Scroll down to the bottom of the page for historical links and other useful information; the material at the top has only current news.
    92. End of colonial era in Africa (1993)
    93. NAFTA passed (1993)
      1. The entire act
    94. Genocide in Rwanda (1994)
      1. A PBS site
      2. This site
    95. African majority rule in South Africa (1994-)
      1. The Justice Center
      2. South African Constitution
      3. Fundamental Rights
    30. The Postwar Years: Rivalry and Recovery
    1. Modern Architecture
    2. Students and Soldiers: Warring over Holy Land
    3. Overview of Two Perspectives
      1. University of Michigan
      2. timeline
      3. Palestinian Government
      4. Israeli Government
      5. World Zionist Organization
    4. Chronological Primary Source Documents
      1. Official Correspondence
      2. McMahon-Hussein Letters
      3. 1915-07-14: Letter from Hussein to McMahon confirming Arab willingness to fight alongside the British in exchange for autonomy.
      4. 1915-08-30: Letter from McMahon to Hussein accepting Arab support while refusing to outline boundaries.
      5. 1915-09-09: Letter from Hussein to McMahon taking McMahon to task for his ambiguity on key points.
      6. 1915-11-05: Letter from Hussein to McMahon acknowledging territorial concessions, as well as a British military presence in the new Arab territories after the war. Note the last paragraph in which he comments on McMahon's promise that government officials "will not interfere with internal affairs."
      7. 1915-12-14: Letter from McMahon to Hussein making diplomatic statements regarding French interests in Beirut, etc.
      8. 1916-01-01: Letter from Hussein to McMahon warning that Arab peoples would not allow the French to own and occupy any land in Beirut and the coasts once the war concludes.
      9. 1916-01-25: Letter from McMahon to Hussein promising to consider the question of Baghdad and reaffirming British-French solidarity without addressing the question of Beirut.
      10. Sykes Picot Agreement
      11. Balfour Declaration
      12. Treaty at Lausanne
      13. 27 Articles of T. E. Lawrence.
      14. T. E. Lawrence's report on Mesopotamia
      15. British White Paper
      16. British White Paper
      17. British White Paper
      18. United Nations Partition Plan
      19. Massacre at Deir Yasin
      20. United Nations Report
      21. UN Resolution 181
      22. Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
      23. Khartoum Resolutions
      24. The Palestinian National Charter
      25. UN Security Council Resolution 242
      26. UN Security Council Resolution 338
      27. UN Security Council Resolution 425
      28. Memorandum of Understanding between Israel and the United States
      29. Golan Heights Law
      30. Palestinian Declaration of Independence
      31. Israel's Peace Initiative
      32. Invitation to Madrid Peace Conference
      33. Letters from Arafat to Rabin and Rabin to Arafat.
      34. Declaration of Principles of Interim State Government
      35. Part I
      36. Part II
      37. Agreement on the Gaza Strip and Jericho area.
      38. Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip
      39. Protocol
    5. Other Voices
      1. Nigel Parry
      2. Chaim Goldberg
      3. search
      4. Palestinian women
      5. water availability
      6. Committee on the Exercise of Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People
      7. Teacher's Lesson 3
      8. Elihu King
      9. Amnesty International
      10. Abuses by Israeli Forces
      11. Abuses by Palestinian Authorities
      12. Human Rights Abuses by the Palestinian Authority.
      13. Israeli Torture of Prisoners.
      14. Human Rights Abuses by Israeli Forces.
      15. here
      16. here
      17. some pictures of Jerusalem.
    6. Robert F. Kennedy: The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962
    31. Fragmentation and Change: The end of Postwar Certainties 32. Problems of World Civilization
    1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
    Miscellenous
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    10. aka KURDISTAN | INTRODUCTION
    11. The Aerodrome
    12. Ancient Civilizations
    13. Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimac C.S.S. Virginia Civil War Naval Battle
    14. BBC Education - Modern World History
    15. Clicking Anastasia: A Mystery of Romanov Russia
    16. The Civil War Reenactors Home Page
    17. The Civil War Archive Home Page
    18. Civil War Geneology Database
    19. Cold War International History Project (CWIHP)
    20. David Thornley's History of WWII
    21. Dead Sea -- Intro
    22. Egyptology Resources
    23. Egypt Antiquities Informations
    24. Exploring Ancient World Cultures
    25. EyeWitness - History Through The Eyes Of Those Who Lived It
    26. Exploring Ancient World Cultures
    27. The Greeks
    28. THE HISTORICAL TEXT ARCHIVE
    29. The History Channel
    30. History B94: History of Ancient Egypt - Piccione
    31. I N S P I R A T I O N 1 9 9 9
    32. Korean War Project
    33. Welcome to Maya Adventure!
    34. Medieval Web Links
    35. The Oregon Trail Home page
    36. Quality Star 2000
    37. Science Museum of Minnesota
    38. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
    39. Welcome to the Sovereign Principality of Corvinia
    40. SEE-SECO
    41. U-boat Net - The U-boat War 1939-1945
    42. Wa. Soc. St. -- World History Links
    43. World Domination
    44. World History
    45. World History to 1500
    46. WWW VIRTUAL LIBRARY for MEDIEVAL STUDIES
    47. World War I - Trenches on the Web
    48. YITM World War One Archive
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    2. Ancient Egypt
      1. Ãö ©ó ®J ¤Î
      2. Cascoly's CHRONOS: History & Timelines
      3. Egypt/Pyramids/Pharaohs/Hieroglyphs - Mark Millmore's Ancient Egypt
      4. EGYPT FUN GUIDE
      5. The Tomb of the Chihuahua Pharaohs
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      1. ¬ü °ê ¥v ®Ñ ¥Ø
      2. Welcome to America: A Narrative History Web Site - User tindal/ pd timous
      3. American Civil War Map Exhibits Timeline State Battle Maps
      4. Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimac C.S.S. Virginia Civil War Naval Battle
      5. Civil War Geneology Database
      6. The Civil War Reenactors Home Page
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      8. Cold War International History Project (CWIHP)
      9. Great American Speeches
      10. HistoryChannel Tours
      11. U-boat Net - The U-boat War 1939-1945
      12. Historical Documents - ¬ü °ê ¾ú ¥v ¤å Äm ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    4. Black History
      1. Black History
      2. Center for the Study of Southern Culture Home Page
      3. MindStation X
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      14. Bibliography of History of Science From 1900(By Shigeru Jochi)
      15. Chi Med--The History of Chinese Medicine Webpage
      16. History of Mathematics: China
      17. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
      18. WWWVL History of Science, Technology and Medicine - Overview
    6. History of Humanities
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      20. ¥j ¨å ­µ ¼Ö ¥v ¦~ ªí ( 1500 - 1971 ) ( ¥æ ¤j ¦Ë Ãý ¤f µ^ ªÀ )
    7. History of "People"
      1. ¶À ¤@ ¹A ªº ­º ­¶ ( Yi-Long HUANG's Home Page )
      2. ¿ú ¿p ¥ý ¥Í ¬ö ©À À]
      3. ¾| ¨³ ( ·s »y µ· Âø »x )
      4. »{ ÃÑ ­J ¾A ¤Î ­J ¾A ¬ö ©À À] ( ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| )
      5. ¸³ §@ »« ¦Ê ¦~ ­ß ½Ï ®i ( ¥Ò °© ¤å »P °Ó ©P ¥v ¡A ²M ¤j ÃÀ ³N ¤¤ ¤ß )
    8. Others
      1. «X ù ´µ ¡þ «X °ê ·§ ­n
      2. ªF ¼Ú ¤Î ¤¤ ¨È ¤Ü ¤» °ê
      3. The A4/V2 Resource Site. The V2 Rocket.
      4. A-Bomb WWW Museum ~ June,1995
      5. The Aerodrome
      6. ANU Art History Top Level Menu Page
      7. BiW: The Berlin Wall
      8. Bios: User Submitted: Stalin: Page 1
      9. Bios
      10. Chris De Witt's Berlin Wall Website
      11. The Economic History Server
      12. Exhibits Collection -- Russia
      13. Germany's World War Two Weapons
      14. Genealogy
      15. The Genealogy Home Page
      16. The Hammond Museum of Radio Reginald Fessenden
      17. Korean War Project
      18. Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
      19. The Napoleon Series
      20. Temperament in Revolution: Gorbachev
      21. Project Zeugma, History
      22. Regiments of the British Empire an Commonwealth: Overview
      23. Underground Railroad
      24. Vietnam
      25. The Warbirds
      26. WOMEN IN CHINESE HISTORY(h-net ®Ñ ¥Ø )
      27. WWW - TWservBBS
  • ³Õ ª« À] ¤Î ¥j ª«
    See ART too.
    1. ÃÀ ³N µó §{
    2. ©_ ¬ü ³Õ ª« À]
    3. §õ ±ö ¾ð ¬ö ©À À]
    4. ªk °ê ¡G ù ¯B ®c
    5. ¤¤ °ê ­x Ä¥ ³Õ ª« À] ¤Ú ¾¤ ºô ¸ô ³Õ ª« À]
    6. ¥@ ¬É ©v ±Ð ³Õ ª« À]
    7. °ê ¥ß ¬G ®c ³Õ ª« °|
    8. °ê ¥ß ¾ú ¥v ³Õ ª« À]
    9. »O ÆW ¬Ù ¥ß ³Õ ª« À]
    10. ¥x ¥_ ¥« ¥ß ¬ü ³N À]
    11. ¾ð ¤õ ¬ö ©À ¯È ³Õ ª« À]
    12. ¤é ¥» ¬ü ³N À] www ¨t ²Î
    13. ²M ½« ¶é ºô »Ú µê ÀÀ ³Õ ª«
    14. ª÷ ¤ó ¥@ ¬É ¬ö ¿ý ³Õ ª« À]
    15. ¥Ø À» ¥j ¤¤ °ê -- ³y §Î ¬ü ³N
    16. ¥x ÆW ¦x ¼q ÃÀ ³N À] ( ¶³ ªL ¿¤ )
    17. ¾ú ¥v ³Õ ª« À] ¨å Âà ¤å ª« ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    18. ¦Û µM ¬ì ¾Ç ³Õ ª« À] »` Âà «~ ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    19. ¤ì ÀJ ³Õ ª« À] ( ­] ®ß ¿¤ ¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß )
    20. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¥Á ±Ú ¾Ç ¬ã ¨s ©Ò ³Õ ª« À]
    21. ¤¤ °ê ®a ¨ã ³Õ ª« À] ( ®ç ¶é ¿¤ ¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß )
    22. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¾ú ¥v »y ¨¥ ¬ã ¨s ©Ò ¤å ª« ³¯ ¦C À]
    23. ³Õ ª« À] ¨µ § -- ¥x »Ô ¦a °Ï ¤½ ¨p ¥ß ³Õ ª« À] ±M ¿è
    24. Cold War Museum
    25. The Historical Society Page
    26. Welcome to The Metropolitan Museum of Art
    27. Museums in London
    28. The Natural History Museum
    29. The Paris Pages
    30. Sackler/Freer Galleries
    31. Smithsonian Natural History Web: African Voices
  • ¹Ï ®Ñ ½× ¤å ¬d ¸ß ¤Î ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ¨t ²Î
    See Library in Philosophers.Org too
    1. ®Ñ ­» ¤å ¤Æ
    2. ·s ®Ñ ±À ÂË
    3. °ê ¤º ºô ¸ô ®Ñ °T
    4. º~ ¾Ç ½× ¤å ¶° ·J ¥Ø
    5. ºô ¸ô º~ ¾Ç ´Á ¥Z ¥Ø
    6. ¥x ¥_ ¥« ¥ß ¹Ï ®Ñ À]
    7. °ê ¥ß ¤¤ ¥¡ ¤j ¾Ç ¹Ï À]
    8. °ê ¥ß ²M µØ ¤j ¾Ç ¹Ï ®Ñ À]
    9. °ê ®a ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ¥þ ²y ¸ê °T ºô
    10. ®Ñ ­» ºô ( ®Ñ Äy ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î )
    11. ¤T ¥Á ®Ñ §½ ¹Ï ®Ñ ¥Ø ¿ý ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î
    12. º~ ¾Ç ¬ã ¨s ¤¤ ¤ß ¥Ø ¦¸ ªA °È ¨t ²Î
    13. ¥~ ¤å ´Á ¥Z º~ ¾Ç µû ½× ¥Ø ¦¸ ªA °È
    14. ¥x ÆW ´Á ¥Z º~ ¾Ç ¾Ç ³N ½× ¤å ¿ï ¥Ø
    15. º~ ¾Ç ¬ã ¨s ¤¤ ¤ß ·s ªñ ½× µÛ ¤¶ ¶@
    16. ¥æ ³q ¤j ¾Ç ovid ¦@ ¥Î ¹q ¤l ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    17. ²H ¦¿ ¤j ¾Ç ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ´Á ¥Z ²M ¥U ¥Ø ¿ý
    18. °ê ¤º ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ®Ñ ¥Ø ¾ã ¦X ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î
    19. º~ °ê ¹Ï ®Ñ¡] ¦³ ¤j ³° ®Ñ ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î ¡^
    20. ³Å ´µ ¦~ ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ( ¤¤ ¬ã °| ¥v »y ©Ò )
    21. ±Ð ¨| ³¡ ªþ ÄÝ À] ©Ò ¸ê ®Æ ®w ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î
    22. º~ ¬Ã ttsweb ³ø ¯È ¤Î ¤¤ ¤å ´Á ¥Z ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    23. ¤j ³° ¹Ï ®Ñ ¤Î ´Á ¥Z Áp ¦X ¥Ø ¿ý ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î
    24. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ªñ ¥N ¥v ¬ã ¨s ©Ò ¥X ª© «~ ¥Ø ¿ý
    25. ¾ú ¥v ¨t ©Ò À] Âà ´Á ¥Z ¡] ¤¤ ¥¿ ¤j ¾Ç ¹Ï ®Ñ À] )
    26. ¹Ï ®Ñ »P ¸ê °T ¾Ç ¥Z ²Ä ¤Q ¤» ´Á ¥Ø ¦¸ ¡] ¬F ¤j ¡^
    27. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¾ú ¥v »y ¨¥ ¬ã ¨s ©Ò ¥X ª© «~ ¥Ø ¿ý
    28. ªF «n ¤u ±M & ¥¨ À¼ ®Ñ §½ ¡u ¶i ¤f ®Ñ ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î ¡v
    29. À] Âà »P ºô ¸ô ¸ê ·½ §Q ¥Î «ü ¤Þ ( ²M ¤j ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ¡^
    30. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¹Ï ®Ñ À] INNOPAC ½u ¤W ¤½ ¥Î ¥Ø ¿ý
    31. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¤å ­õ ¬ã ¨s ©Ò Äw ³Æ ³B ¥X ª© «~ ¥Ø ¿ý
    32. ¤¤ °ê ¤j ³° ¹Ï ®Ñ ¸ê °T ¦Û °Ê ¤Æ ª¬ ªp ¤Î ¥¼ ¨Ó µo ®i
    33. «C Ãà ®Ñ «Î ¡] ¤j ³° ¤Î ­» ´ä ÃÀ ³N ¥v ¡B ¦Ò ¥j ®Ñ °T ¡^
    34. ®ü ´Å ¤j ³° ®Ñ ´Y ¡] ¦³ ¤j ³° ¹Ï ®Ñ ¡B ³ø ¥Z ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î ¡^
    35. ½u ¤W ¸ê ®Æ ®w ¤Î ÀË ¯Á ªA °È ªº ²{ ªp ¤Î ®i ±æ ¡] ²M ¤j ¡^
    36. ¥þ °ê ³Õ ºÓ ¤h ¤å ¾Ç ½× ¤å ¥Ø ¿ý ¡] ¥x ¥_ ¥« ¥ß ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ¹D ÿ À] ¡^
    37. ¥v ¾Ç ½× ¤å ºK ­n ¡] Historical Abstracts ¡^ ¥ú ºÐ ¸ê ®Æ ®w ² ¤¶ ¡] ²M ¤j ¡^
  • ¹q ¤l ¤å ®w
    See Ideas and Encyclopedia in Philosophers.Org too
    1. ¹q ¤l ®Ñ
    2. ¦ò ¸g ­ì ¨å
    3. ¤¤ °ê ¤å ¾Ç §@ «~ ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    4. ºô ¸ô ¥þ ¤å ¸ê ·½ ¤Î ¨ä ¥L
    5. ¡u ¥þ ¤å ÀË ¯Á ¸ê ®Æ ®w ¡v
    6. ·s »y µ· ¹q ¤l ¤å ®w ( GB ½X )
    7. ºô ¸ô ¤W ªº ¤¤ ¤å ¥j Äy ¸ê ·½
    8. ºô ¸ô ¥@ ¬É ªº ¬Ã Âà ¤å Äm ¸ê ·½
    9. ¤¤ °ê ¸Ö µü ¿ï Ū ¡] ¤¤ ¥¡ ¤j ¾Ç ¼Æ ¾Ç ¨t ¡^
    10. ¤¤ °ê ¤å ¾Ç ¿ï Ū ¡] ¤¤ ¥¡ ¤j ¾Ç ¼Æ ¾Ç ¨t ¡^
    11. ¸ê ®Æ ®w ÀË ¯Á ¨t ²Î - ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¥v »y ©Ò ÀË ¯Á ¨t ²Î
    12. Classical Chinese Poetry
    13. The Code of Hammurabi(2500 BC)
    14. EuroDocs:Primary Historical Documents From Western Europe --Selected Transcriptions, Facsimiles and
    15. The History Guide
    16. The History of Herodotus(by Herodotus)
    17. Literature
    18. Project Gutenberg Index
    19. Washing Away of Wrongs, Hsiyuanchilu, ¬~­Þ¶°¿ý
  • ¥þ ¤å ÀË ¯Á ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    1. ºô ¸ô ®i ®Ñ Ū
    2. ¾ú ¥v ¤W ªº ¤µ ¤Ñ
    3. ¦ò ¾Ç ®Ñ ¥Ø ¡B ¨å Äy ¡B ´Á ¥Z ÀË ¯Á
    4. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¤¤ ¤å ¥þ ¤å ÀË ¯Á ¨t ²Î
    5. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¥v »y ©Ò ¤¤ ¤å ¸ê ®Æ ®w
    6. ¥Ò °© ¤å ¥þ ¤å ÀË ¯Á ¤Î ¥þ ¤å ¼v ¹³ ¨t ²Î
    7. ·í ¥N ¤å ¾Ç ¥v ®Æ ¡E °ê ®a ¹Ï ®Ñ À] ¡B ¾\ Äý ²Õ
    8. ½u ¤W ¸ê ®Æ ®w ¤Î ÀË ¯Á ªA °È ªº ²{ ªp ¤Î ®i ±æ
    9. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ­p ºâ ¤¤ ¤ß ¨â ¤d ¦~ ¤¤ ¦è ¾ä Âà ´«
    10. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¥v »y ©Ò ¤å ª« ¹Ï ¶H ¬ã ¨s «Ç ¸ê ®Æ ®w
  • ´Á ¥Z Âø »x
    See Journals in Philosophers.Org too.
    1. ·s ¥v ¾Ç
    2. ·s »y µ·
    3. Áp ¦X ¤å ¾Ç
    4. ¤¤ ¤å Âø »x
    5. ¥ú µØ µe ³ø
    6. ¯« ¦{ ¸U ªá µ©
    7. ·¬ µØ ¶é Âø »x
    8. ¥@ ¬É ¦a ²z Âø »x
    9. «Ø ¿v »P ¤å ¤Æ ¶° ¥Z
    10. ¤¤ °ê ¬ì ¾Ç ¥v ³q °T
    11. º~ ¾Ç ¬ã ¨s ( ¥b ¦~ ¥Z )
    12. KSCG Net ¤å ¤Æ ½g - Âø »x
    13. º~ ¾Ç ¬ã ¨s ³q °T ( ©u ¥Z )
    14. ¤¤ ¤å ¹q ¤l ¥Z ª« ( GB ½X )
    15. ¥þ ²y µØ ¤å Âø »x ¥æ ¬y ºô
    16. »· ¨£ Âø »x ¢w ·s ¥x ÆW ¥Í ©R ¤O
    17. «Ø ¿v »P ¤å ¤Æ ¬ã ¨s ¶° ¥Z ²Ä ¤G ¶°
    18. º~ ¾Ç ¬ã ¨s ¤¤ ¤ß ÂO ¥Z ¢w¢w ½× µÛ Ãþ
    19. °ê ¥ß ¤¤ ¥¡ ¹Ï ®Ñ À] »O ÆW ¤À À] À] ¥Z
    20. ¤¤ ¥¡ ¬ã ¨s °| ¾ú ¥v »y ¨¥ ¬ã ¨s ©Ò ¶° ¥Z
    21. °ê ¥ß ¾ú ¥v ³Õ ª« À] - ¾ú ¥v ¤å ª« Âù ¤ë ¥Z
    22. ¤¤ °ê ¬ã ¨s ¤å ºK ( Digest of Chinese Studies )
    23. AEstel
    24. The American Historical Review
    25. Ancient History Bulletin
    26. ANTIQUITY
    27. ANU - Chinese Serials Database
    28. Arachnion. A Journal of Literature and Ancient History on the Web
    29. Asian Arts
    30. Asian Studies Newsletter, Winter 1997: 1997-1
    31. The Bryn Mawr Classical Review
    32. The Bryn Mawr Medieval Review
    33. The CIC Electronic Journals Collection
    34. CROMOHS:Cyber Review of Modern Historiography
    35. Essays in History -- University of Virginia
    36. History Reviews On-Line
    37. Intellectual History Newsletter
    38. Journal of Sung-Yuan Studies
    39. JOURNALS (TABLE OF CONTENTS)
    40. Journal of World Anthropology
    41. Multiworld October 1995 Issue
    42. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ONLINE
    43. USC Electronic Journals Collection
  • ¶m ¤g ±Ð ¾Ç ºô ¯¸
    1. «È ®a
      1. «È ®a
      2. «È ®a ¶é ¦a
      3. «È ®a ­µ ¼Ö
      4. «È ®a ·s »D Âø »x
      5. «È ®a WWW ¸ê °T ºô
      6. ­» ®æ ¨½ ©Ô «È ®a ¤å ª« À]
      7. Hakka
      8. Hakka default
    2. ¥x ÆW
      1. ¤Ó ¥­ ¥«
        1. ¤Ó ¥­ ¥« ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷
        2. ¤Ó ¥­ ¶m ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷ ÃD ®w
      2. ªü ¨½ ¤s
        1. Åw ªï ¨Ó ¨ì ªü ¨½ ¤s ¶m ¤g ¤å ¤Æ ¸ê °T
        2. ªü ¨½ ¤s ¶m ¤g ¤å ¤Æ ¸ê °T ¤§ ¤H ¤å ¾ú ¥v
      3. ¹ü ¤Æ
        1. ¹ü ¤Æ ¥j ÂÝ ¤§ ®È
        2. ¹ü ¤Æ ¶ý ¯ª «H ¥õ °é
        3. ¹ü ¤Æ ¶m ¤g ¤å ¤Æ ±Ð §÷
        4. ¥x ÆW ¥Á «U §ø : ¹ü ¤Æ «°
        5. ¥b ½u ¤å ¤Æ °ò ª÷ ·| ( ¹ü ¤Æ )
      4. ¹Å ¸q
        1. Åw ªï ¨Ó ¨ì ¹Å ¸q ¦a °Ï ¶m ¤g ¤å ¤Æ ¸ê °T
        2. »{ ÃÑ ¹Å ¸q - ¾ú ¥v ¤H ¤å ¦a ²z ( ¹Å ¸q ¿¤ ¬F ©² )
      5. «n §ë
        1. «n §ë ¤å ª« ¤§ ®È
        2. «n §ë ¤å ª« ¤§ ®È - «ä ¥j «Õ ±¡
      6. ¥x ¤¤ ¥«
        1. ¥x ¤¤ ¥« ¥j ÂÝ ¨µ §
        2. ¥x ¤¤ ¥« ¥j ÂÝ ¨µ §
        3. ¥x ¤¤ ¿¤ ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷ ¨t ¦C
      7. ¥x ªF
        1. ¥x ªF ¾ú ¥v ¥Á «U
        2. ¥x ªF ¿¤ ¥þ ²y ¸ê °T ºô
      8. ©y Äõ
        1. ©y Äõ ªº ¾ú ¥v
        2. Äõ ¶§ ¾ú ¥v ¢w¢w ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷ ( ©y Äõ ¿¤ ¬F ©² ½s ¦L )
      9. ¥Û ÀY «°
      10. ¥x ÆW ¦a ¹Ï
      11. ¥x ÆW ¦Ê ¦X
      12. ¥x ÆW ¦Ò ¥j
      13. °ê ®a ¤½ ¶é
      14. °ê ±Ð ¤§ ¤Í
      15. Ïw Äi ¶m ¤g
      16. »{ ÃÑ ³À ´ä
      17. «n Ãs ¨µ §
      18. ¥x ÆW ­ì ¦í ¥Á
      19. ¥x ÆW ­ì ¦í ¥Á ¥x ÆW ªº ¸ê ®Æ
      20. °ò ¶© ·s ¬G ¶m
      21. ¬ü ¿@ ¥Á «U §ø
      22. «n ´ä µo ®i ¥v
      23. ¤j ¥Ò ·Ë ªº ¬G ¨Æ
      24. ¤j ¨½ Ë@ ªº ¬G ¨Æ
      25. ªF ¥x ÆW ¬ã ¨s ·|
      26. ¥x ÆW ¤å ¤Æ ¾Ç °|
      27. ¶³ ªL ¿¤ ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷
      28. ¤¤ µØ ¥Á °ê °ê ±¡ ² ¤¶
      29. ¦^ ­º ¨Ó ®É ¸ô ( ­] ®ß ¿¤ )
      30. ¤­ ¤Q ¦~ ¨Ó ªº ¥x ÆW ªk ¨î ( 1945-1995 )
      31. ¦Ò ¥j ¾Ç : ¥x ÆW ¥v ¡B ¶m ¤g ¸ê ®Æ
      32. ¥Á «U »P ¥ý ¦í ¥Á ¤§ ®È
      33. óË ®q ¥» ¤g ¤å ¤Æ ¶é ¦a
      34. ¥x ÆW ­ì ¦í ¥Á ¤å ¤Æ ¸ê ®Æ
      35. °ª ­ì ¥Í ¬¡ ¸ê °T ¯¸ * HyperLand InfoCenter
      36. ¥_ ®v °| ¶m ¤g ±Ð ¨w ¤¤ ¤ß
      37. ªL ¿Å ¹D ¥ý ¥Í ¬ö ©À ±M ¿è
      38. ¬Ù º® ·~ §½ / º® ·~ ¤å ¤Æ ¥v
      39. ¡i »{ ÃÑ ¥x ÆW ¨t ¦C ÂO ®Ñ ¡j
      40. ªê ¤s °ê ¤p - ¯ó ¤Ù ­· ±¡ ¿ý - ¦W ³Ó ¥j ÂÝ
      41. °ê ¥ß ¥x ¤¤ ®v °| ªþ ³] ¹ê Åç °ê ¥Á ¤p ¾Ç
      42. °ê ±Ð ¤§ ¤Í ²Ä 540 ´Á ¢w ¶m ¤g ±Ð ¨| ±M ¿è
      43. ¥x ¥_ ¥« ¤å ¤Æ ¤§ ®È ( ¥x ¥_ ¥« ±Ð ¨| §½ )
      44. ªL ¿Å ¹D Á¿ ¥j ¡G ¥x ÆW ² ¥v ¡] ²Ä ¤@ ­¶ ¡^
      45. ¥x ÆW «Ø ¿v Âø »x ¡D¡D¡D¢Ï¢ú¢ë¢ð¡@¢Ü¢í¢ü «Ø ¸m
      46. Home Page of Anpin Tour ( ¦w ¥­ ¨µ § )
      47. Sites about ­ì ¦í ¥Á
      48. TW_serv WWW [ »O ÆW ¤å ¤Æ WWW ]
    3. ¶m ¤g ±Ð ¨|
    4. ¶m ¤g ±Ð ¨|
    5. ¶m ¤g ´M ®Ú ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷
    6. ©² «° ¦L ¶H
    7. ±Ð ¾Ç ¸ê ·½ ·J ¶° ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷ ºô ¯¸
    8. ­ì ¦í ¥Á ¶m ¤g ±Ð §÷
    9. ÁÍ ¦N ¹@ ¨¸ ¸Ü ªù ¹¢
    10. ½Þ ¤p ©f ªº ¶m ¤g ¬ö ¨Æ
    11. ¶§ ©ú ¤s °Ï ¶m ¤g ®y ½Í ·|
    12. ¶m ¤g ±Ð ¾Ç ¸ê ·½ ¬d ¸ß ¨t ²Î
    13. ¶m ¤g ¤å ¤Æ ¸ê °T ¨t ²Î HomePage
    14. ±Ð ¨| ¸ê ®Æ »P ¬ã ¨s Âù ¤ë ¥Z ¢w ²Ä ¤­ ´Á
    15. ©² «° ¬Ã ©_ -- ªÀ ·| ±Ð ¨| ¶m ¤g »² §U ±Ð §÷
    16. ¥x ¤¤ ¿¤ ¤¤ µØ °ê ¤p ©Ò »` ¶° ¤§ ±Ð ¨| ¸ê ·½
    17. »O ¥_ ¥« °ê ¥Á ¤p ¾Ç ¶m ¤g ±Ð ¾Ç ¸É ¥R ±Ð §÷ -- ¾ú ¥v ½g
  • ¦a ²z ¨t ²Î
    1. GIS ¾÷ ºc
    2. ¦a ²z ¸ê °T ¨t ²Î
    3. GIS ¦a ²z ¸ê °T ¨t ²Î
    4. GIS ¥þ ²y ¦a ²z ¸ê °T ¨t ²Î
    5. ¦p ¦ó §Q ¥Î ¤¤ ¤å ¦a ²z °Ñ ¦Ò ¸ê ®Æ
    6. ¤¤ °ê ¤j ³° ¦a °Ï GIS ¤Î ²Î ­p ¸ê ®Æ
    7. ¥x ¤j ¦a ²z ¨t ¦a ¹Ï »P ¦h ´C Åé ¬ã ¨s «Ç
  • ¯Á ¤Þ ªí ¤Î ¤Þ Àº ¬d ¸ß
    See Search in Philosophers.Org too.
    1. µØ ³q ¾É ¯è
    2. Coo ·j ´M ¤Þ Àº
    3. BBS ¯¸ ¤@ Äý ªí
    4. ¤¤ °ê ¤j ³° ºô ¸ô
    5. ¼y ©y ¥þ ²y ¸ê °T ¾É Äý
    6. °ê ¥ß ¤¤ ¥¡ ¤j ¾Ç Archie ¨t ²Î
    7. ¥x ÆW BBS °Q ½× ¸s ²Õ ¸Ô ²Ó ¦C ªí
    8. ¶° (Ji) - ¥þ ²y ¸ê °T ºô ¤À Ãþ ¥Ø ¿ý
    9. ¿» Á¦ Ãà ¥x ÆW ºô »Ú ºô ¸ô ¸ê ·½ ¯Á ¤Þ
    10. ¥x ÆW ¦a °Ï ºô ¸ô ªA °È ¸ê ·½ : 1995.04.01a ¦ø ªA ºØ Ãþ ª©
    11. ¹q ¸£ »P ºô ¸ô / ºô »Ú ºô ¸ô / BBS ¹q ¤l §G §i Äæ / BBS ºë µØ °Ï
    12. AltaVista: Main Page
    13. CHarvest Server
    14. China Internet Directory ¤¤ °ê °ê »Ú ºô µ¸ «ü «n ( ¤j ³° )
    15. FTP search v3.4
    16. GAIS: Global Area Information Servers
    17. GAISWWW Query Page
    18. Internet Address Finder
    19. The List (Internet Service Providers)
    20. Lycos, Inc. Home Page
    21. NetKiss ºô ¸ô ¼ö »D
    22. Pavilion of Taiwan, R.O.C.
    23. Proxy Cache Service in TWNIC
    24. TANet ¥x ÆW ¾Ç ³N ºô ¸ô Proxy Server
    25. WhatSite.com - «z ¶ë ¤¤ ¤å ºô
    26. Yahoo! Search

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