\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u7684\u8a2d\u60f3\u5927\u7570\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u300d
\n@\u4f9d\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u771f\u78ba\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08plato\uff1atheaeteus\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u73fe\u4ee3\u7f8e\u54f2edmund gettier
\n\u5c07\u4e4b\u64f4\u5f35\u5f8c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u771f\u78ba\u3001\u7d93\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a0X\u300d \uff08
\nIs Justified True Belief Knowledge?\uff09\u3002\u9019X\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u800c\u7121\u4eba\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002
\n@\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8ad6\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5c07\u77e5\u89ba\u9ad4\u9a57\u8207\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u5982\u5c07\u8996\u89ba\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u8ad6\u8abf\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230plato\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u300c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u300d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u300d\u9019\u4e3b\u984c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u66f8\u300b\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4eca\u5f77\u5f7f\u5c0d\u8457\u93e1\u5b50\u89c0\u770b\uff0c\u7ce2\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\uff1b\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u5c31\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u9762\u4e86\u300d\u3002Martin Heidegger\u4ea6\u66fe\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ac7\u8ad6\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u6703\u5411\u6211\u5011\u300c\u986f\u793a\u300d\u3002\u8001\u5b50\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u4ea6\u6709\u300c\u9053\u53ef\u9053\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u9053\u300d\u4e4b\u8a00\u2026\u2026\u5373\u4f7f\u9032\u5165\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8b9a\u540c\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4ecd\u96b1\u85cf\u8457\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u6b63\u5982zizek\u5728\u300a\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u5ba2\u9ad4\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8209\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5927\u610f\u662f\uff1a\u5154\u5c3e\u6240\u505a\u6210\u7684\u9396\u5319\u6263\u64da\u6089\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u597d\u904b\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e4b\u554f\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u4f55\u914d\u5e36\u5b83\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5b83\u80fd\u5e36\u4f86\u597d\u904b\uff0c\u4f46\u842c\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u5e36\u5b83\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u58de\u5462\uff1f
\n@\u8a31\u591a\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u507d\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8d17\u54c1\uff0c\u7a7a\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u8207\u6e2c\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u5c07\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u4e8b\u5be6\u77e5\u8b58\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e8b\u5be6\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4ee5\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u50be\u5411\u6e90\u81ea\u4eba\u985e\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\u8207\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\u5169\u7a2e\u5fc3\u9748\u7279\u8cea\u3002\u56e0\u4e4b\uff0c\u4eba\u6703\u5c07\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u300d\u64ec\u4eba\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u7942\u9644\u4e0a\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u6548\u529b\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u770b\u898b\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u6548\u529b\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u6176\u5e78\u4eba\u5c1a\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5177\u6279\u5224\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee4\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4eba\u66ab\u6642\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u66ab\u63f4\u3001\u4e26\u4e88\u4ee5\u4f5c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u3002
\nPhillips Huebl\u8aaa\u5f97\u5c0d\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4e26\u975e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u5076\u723e\u6709\u932f\u3002\u300c\u771f\u300d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u8a9e\u8a00\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u771f\u4e26\u4e0d\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u3002\u4eba\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5247\u6703\u9075\u5faa\u300c\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u8655\uff0c\u9808\u8a00\u7121\u4e0d\u76e1\u300d\u3002\u4eba\u6703\u558b\u558b\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u4e26\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u7576\u4e2d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5ee2\u8a71\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u70ba\u4e86\u5047\u88dd\u6709\u667a\u6167\u800c\u61c9\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u6642\u3002
\n\u7576\u7136\u4eba\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u9818\u57df\u589e\u9032\u5f8c\uff0c\u8996\u91ce\u958b\u95ca\u4e86\u3001\u5fc3\u614b\u958b\u653e\u4e86\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u300c\u901a\u9ad4\u900f\u660e\u300d\uff1f\u9019\u4e5f\u80fd\u7b97\u3001\u6216\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u82e5\u7136\uff0c\u5247\u9019\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e0a\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u4fc3\u6210\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u4e86\u3002
\n@\u300a\u5c1a\u66f8~\u8aaa\u547d\u4e2d\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u8aaa\u62dc\u7a3d\u9996\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u975e\u77e5\u4e4b\u8271\uff0c\u884c\u4e4b\u60df\u8271\u3002\u2019\u300d\u5b54\u50b3\uff1a\u300c\u8a00\u77e5\u4e4b\u6613\uff0c\u884c\u4e4b\u96e3\u3002\u300d\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96e3\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5f9e\u6625\u79cb\u6230\u570b\u5230\u660e\u672a\u6e05\u521d\u738b\u592b\u4e4b\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u6b64\u4e2d\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96e3\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u77e5\u300d\u662f\u662f\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff1f\u6b64\u300c\u77e5\u300d\u662f\u6307\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u77e5\uff1f\u9019\u8207\u300c\u77e5\u96e3\u884c\u6613\u300d\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f
\n\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96e3\u7684\u77e5\u4e26\u975e\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e0a\u7684\u77e5\u3002\u6b64\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u4ee4\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7bb4\u8a00\uff08\u5982\u4e0d\u53ef\u5077\u76d7\u2026\u2026\uff09\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5be6\u884c\u8d77\u4f86\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5065\u5eb7\u5c31\u8981\u591a\u505a\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u5c0f\u5fc3\u98f2\u98df\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u800c\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8b1b\u6c42\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u8207\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u77e5\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6216\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5374\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u7528\u800c\u4e0d\u89ba\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\u77e5\u96e3\u884c\u6613\u662f\u5c31\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u800c\u8a00\uff1b\u800c\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96e3\u5247\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u4e4b\u77e5\u3002
\n@\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\uff1f\u70ba\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\uff1f\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8f49\u5316\uff1f\u4ea6\u6216\u53ea\u5c31\u667a\u9748\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\uff1f\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u8207\u77e5\u3001\u6216\u77e5\u8b58\u6709\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u5927\u67e2\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u53ea\u5c31\u667a\u9748\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u751a\u5c11\u6307\u6d89\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\uff1b\u800c\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u4ea6\u975e\u6307\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u9ad4\u3001\u800c\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u9ad4\u7684\u5167\u5728\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u300c \u6240\u8b02\u300c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8f49\u6709\u9650\u7684\u751f\u547d\u70ba\u7121\u9650\uff0c\u8ec0\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u547d\u70ba\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u9019\u500b\u8f49\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5433\u6021\uff0c \u5f9e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u770b\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u9593\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u958b\u5c55\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u7136\u6b64\u8ff0\u70ba\u662f\uff0c\u5247\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u662f\u5c31\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u70ba\u8981\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u81ea\u89ba\uff08\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\uff08\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\uff1f\u4ea6\u6216\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\uff1f\uff09\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5167\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3001\u6216\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u8f49\u5316\u3002\u5728\u9019\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\u3001\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u4e4b\u77e5\u3001\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8f49\u5316\u7684\u8a2d\u60f3\u5927\u7570\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u300d @\u4f9d\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u771f\u78ba\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08plato\uff1atheaeteus\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u73fe\u4ee3\u7f8e\u54f2edmund gettier \u5c07\u4e4b\u64f4\u5f35\u5f8c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u771f\u78ba\u3001\u7d93\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a0X\u300d \uff08 Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?\uff09\u3002\u9019X\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u800c\u7121\u4eba\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002 @\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8ad6\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5c07\u77e5\u89ba\u9ad4\u9a57\u8207\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u5982\u5c07\u8996\u89ba\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u8ad6\u8abf\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230plato\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u300c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u300d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u300d\u9019\u4e3b\u984c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u66f8\u300b\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4eca\u5f77\u5f7f\u5c0d\u8457\u93e1\u5b50\u89c0\u770b\uff0c\u7ce2\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\uff1b\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u5c31\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u9762\u4e86\u300d\u3002Martin 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