{"id":7588,"date":"2021-01-05T09:34:32","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T09:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=7588"},"modified":"2021-01-10T16:25:19","modified_gmt":"2021-01-10T16:25:19","slug":"%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2021\/01\/05\/%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2-6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6b77\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5982\u679c\u7684<br> \u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u55ce\uff1f\u5b83\u78ba\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u559c\u6b61\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u53f2\u5b78\/\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u3002\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u53c8\u7121\u5f9e\u5efa\u7acb\uff08\u5982Toynbee\u7684\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0cSpengler\u7684\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c92\u843d\u300b\uff09<br>\n\u6b77\u53f2\u5f80\u5f80\u7d66\u4eba\u67af\u71e5\u7121\u5473\uff0c\u662f\u55ce\uff1f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a<br>\n\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u52dd\u5229\u8005\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u771f\u7684\uff1f\u770b\u770b\u90a3\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u800c\u5df2 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3002\u3002\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82e5\u5f9e\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u53f2\u52a0\u4e00\uff081921\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u5927\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f90\u4e16\u660c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c07\u300a\u65b0\u5143\u53f2\u300b\u5217\u5165\u6b63\u53f2\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u53f2\u300d\u5408\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u53f2\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u5247\u4e00\u822c\u5949\u300a\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u70ba\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u53f2\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\u800c\u6452\u9664\u300a\u65b0\u5143\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e00\uff08\u300a\u8cc7\u6cbb\u901a\u9451\u300b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5e1d\u738b\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5247\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u662f\u65b0\u805e\u9ad4\u52a0\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u901a\u53f2\uff09\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u78ba\u53c8\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u5ba3\u8aac\u524d\u4eba\u4e8b\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u56b4\u683c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u53f2\u5b98\uff08\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff09\u5c31\u6709\u5982\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u624b\u300d\u64cd\u63a7\u7740\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u78ba\u5f88\u50cf\u52dd\u5229\u8005\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002\u3002\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hegel\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u8879\u6709\u541b\u4e3b\u8986\u6ec5\u7684\u4e00\u518d\u91cd\u8907\u800c\u5df2\u3002<br>\nLeopold von Ranke\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u300b\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u534a\u9ede\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u3002\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u95dc\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u8b02\u591a\u4e0d\u52dd\u6578\u3002<br>\n\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5247\u60f3\u63a8\u85a6\u5169\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4e00\u672c\u662fJane Burank\u8207Frederick Cooper\u7684\u201cEmpire in World History \uff1apower and politics of difference\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\uff1a\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u5dee\u7570\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u65bc\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u201cA History of Private Life \u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1987\u5e74\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4e94\u518c\u7684\u201cA History of Private Life \u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u201d\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6211\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u55bb\u70ba\u6cd5\u570b\u5e74\u9452\u6d3e\u7d93\u5178\u50b3\u4e16\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u7368\u7279\u8996\u89d2\u914d\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u63d2\u5716\u5c07\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u5408\u800c\u70ba\u4e00\u4f86\u66f8\u5beb\u3002\u5b83\u96d6\u8207\u6b63\u53f2\u5c0d\u7740\u5e79\u3001\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u516c\u773e\uff08\u5171\uff09\u821e\u53f0\u4f86\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u8207\u7537\u6027\u7d71\u6cbb\u53f2\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\uff1b\u5b83\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u9038\u4e8b\u3001\u800c\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8ddf\u500b\u9ad4\u6700\u5207\u8eab\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u6700\u9059\u9060\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u516c\u5171\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u516c\u773e\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u6301\uff0c\u537b\u6f20\u7136\u65bc\u79c1\u4eba\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7dad\u7e6b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u71df\u50cf\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u821e\u81fa\u7684\u7121\u8072\u5287\u78bc\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u5834\u6c92\u6709\u89c0\u773e\u7684\u7616\u555e\u6f14\u51fa\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u4ee5\u541b\u4e3b\u7d71\u6cbb\u3001\u5178\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u722d\u596a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u821e\u81fa\u8981\u89d2\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u79c1\u5df1\u884c\u52d5\u4ee5\u81f3\u79c1\u5bc6\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ea\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u6a01\u4e4f\u4eba\u805e\u554f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u79d8\u8f9b\u3002\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u96b1\u6666\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7f6e\u8eab\u516c\u5171\u6027\u9670\u5f71\u4e0b\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u516c\u79c1\u754c\u7dda\u4e0d\u5206\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u65e2\u975e\u516c\u5171\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u79c1\u5df1\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u53ef\u73fe\u8eab\u65bc\u516c\u773e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5167\u90e8\u4e5f\u7121\u79c1\u5bc6\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5f9e\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u793e\u5340\u5230\u9109\u93ae\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u5f80\u4f86\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u4e92\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u96b1\u79c1\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u8207\u79c1\u4eba\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5169\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u793e\u6703\u6a5f\u80fd\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u653f\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u758f\u9060\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u4e92\u719f\u8b58\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4f11\u9592\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u8b8a\u6210\u76f8\u4e92\u7368\u7acb\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b93\u6de1\u53bb\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u9762\u8c8c\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u8b93\u500b\u9ad4\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u751f\u6d3b\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u7576\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u53f2\u5bb6Phillippe Aries\u548cGeorges Duby\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u88ab\u55bb\u70ba\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u4e00\u9805\u300c\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6210\u679c\u300d\u7684\u4e94\u5377\u672c\u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u5f9e\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5728\u7dbf\u5ef6\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9577\u6d41\u4e2d\u8a66\u5716\u627e\u51fa\u5f71\u97ff\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u5176\u9593\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u7269\u8cea\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u7684\u8ffd\u7d22\u3002\u79c1\u4eba\u53f2\u7684\u7528\u610f\u5982\u9019\u5957\u66f8\u5206\u5377\u7de8\u8005\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5beb\u7fa4\u9ad4\u53f2\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5beb\u500b\u4eba\u8868\u73fe\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5beb\u4e00\u90e8\u500b\u4eba\u505a\u4e8b\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u611b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc3\u9748\u3001\u8089\u9ad4\u7684\u539f\u52d5\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7b\u60f3\u548c\u5922\u60f3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u4ee5\u5fae\u89c0\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7463\u4e8b\u8207\u6587\u660e\u9032\u5c55\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u672a\u5fc5\u7121\u95dc\u6b77\u53f2\u5b8f\u65e8\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9032\u5165\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u77ad\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u6b77\u53f2\u968e\u6bb5\u79c1\u4eba\u9818\u57df\u8207\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5206\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u8207\u79c1\u4eba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff1b\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u6587\u660e\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u96b1\u79c1\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4f86\uff1b\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u69cb\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\uff1f\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7406\u89e3\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u5982\u4f55\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u4ea4\u5f80\u3001\u79ae\u5100\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u98f2\u98df\u3001\u95b1\u8b80\u3001\u4f11\u9592\u9038\u6a02\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u7269\u6240\u69cb\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u505a\u70ba\u79c1\u5df1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u201cEmpire in World History \uff1apower and politics of difference\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\uff1a\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u5dee\u7570\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e1d\u570b\uff5e\u7531\u6b66\u529b\u548c\u91ce\u5fc3\u5718\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5ee3\u5927\u9818\u571f\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u570b\u5bb6\uff5e\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e86\u5169\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u5f9e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u770b\u5f85\u5e1d\u570b\u5982\u4f55\u4f9d\u9760\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u4f86\u5851\u9020\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002Jane Burbank\u548cFrederick Cooper\u5f9e\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u7af6\u722d\u548c\u7d71\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e26\u8457\u91cd\u5f37\u8abf\u5e1d\u570b\u5982\u4f55\u5bb9\u7d0d\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u548c\u64cd\u7e31\u5e1d\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4eba\u53e3\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f5c\u8005\u5f9e\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u7f85\u99ac\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u9032\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5e1d\u570b\u7dad\u6301\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u6b0a\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u54c8\u91cc\u767c\u4eba\u548c\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u52a0\u6d1b\u6797\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u6230\u4e00\u795e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u5fe0\u8aa0\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u52d9\u5be6\u5bec\u5bb9\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u548c\u5967\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u3002\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5e1d\u570b\u5c0d\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u525d\u524a\u548c\u5206\u5316\u8ad6\u7db1\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u9769\u547d\u8005\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u500b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u570b\u201d\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8207\u5e1d\u5236\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u5e1d\u570b\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u548c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"353\" height=\"500\" src=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_20210105_164703_414.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7590\" srcset=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_20210105_164703_414.jpg 353w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_20210105_164703_414-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210103_125204-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7589\" srcset=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210103_125204-1024x768.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210103_125204-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210103_125204-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><br><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5982\u679c\u7684 \u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u55ce\uff1f\u5b83\u78ba\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78 \u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u559c\u6b61\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u53f2\u5b78\/\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u3002\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u53c8\u7121\u5f9e\u5efa\u7acb\uff08\u5982Toynbee\u7684\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0cSpengler\u7684\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c92\u843d\u300b\uff09 \u6b77\u53f2\u5f80\u5f80\u7d66\u4eba\u67af\u71e5\u7121\u5473\uff0c\u662f\u55ce\uff1f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a \u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u52dd\u5229\u8005\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u771f\u7684\uff1f\u770b\u770b\u90a3\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u800c\u5df2 \u3002\u3002\u3002 \u82e5\u5f9e\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u53f2\u52a0\u4e00\uff081921\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u5927\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f90\u4e16\u660c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c07\u300a\u65b0\u5143\u53f2\u300b\u5217\u5165\u6b63\u53f2\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u53f2\u300d\u5408\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u53f2\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u5247\u4e00\u822c\u5949\u300a\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u70ba\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u53f2\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\u800c\u6452\u9664\u300a\u65b0\u5143\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e00\uff08\u300a\u8cc7\u6cbb\u901a\u9451\u300b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5e1d\u738b\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5247\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u662f\u65b0\u805e\u9ad4\u52a0\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u901a\u53f2\uff09\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u78ba\u53c8\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u5ba3\u8aac\u524d\u4eba\u4e8b\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u56b4\u683c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u53f2\u5b98\uff08\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff09\u5c31\u6709\u5982\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u624b\u300d\u64cd\u63a7\u7740\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u78ba\u5f88\u50cf\u52dd\u5229\u8005\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002\u3002\u3002 Hegel\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u8879\u6709\u541b\u4e3b\u8986\u6ec5\u7684\u4e00\u518d\u91cd\u8907\u800c\u5df2\u3002 Leopold von Ranke\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u300b\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u534a\u9ede\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u3002\u3002 \u6709\u95dc\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u8b02\u591a\u4e0d\u52dd\u6578\u3002 \u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5247\u60f3\u63a8\u85a6\u5169\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4e00\u672c\u662fJane Burank\u8207Frederick Cooper\u7684\u201cEmpire in World History \uff1apower and politics of difference\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\uff1a\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u5dee\u7570\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u65bc\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u201cA History of Private Life \u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u201d 1987\u5e74\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4e94\u518c\u7684\u201cA History of Private Life \u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u201d\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6211\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u55bb\u70ba\u6cd5\u570b\u5e74\u9452\u6d3e\u7d93\u5178\u50b3\u4e16\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u7368\u7279\u8996\u89d2\u914d\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u63d2\u5716\u5c07\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u5408\u800c\u70ba\u4e00\u4f86\u66f8\u5beb\u3002\u5b83\u96d6\u8207\u6b63\u53f2\u5c0d\u7740\u5e79\u3001\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u516c\u773e\uff08\u5171\uff09\u821e\u53f0\u4f86\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u8207\u7537\u6027\u7d71\u6cbb\u53f2\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\uff1b\u5b83\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u9038\u4e8b\u3001\u800c\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8ddf\u500b\u9ad4\u6700\u5207\u8eab\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u6700\u9059\u9060\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u516c\u5171\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u516c\u773e\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u6301\uff0c\u537b\u6f20\u7136\u65bc\u79c1\u4eba\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7dad\u7e6b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u71df\u50cf\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u821e\u81fa\u7684\u7121\u8072\u5287\u78bc\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u5834\u6c92\u6709\u89c0\u773e\u7684\u7616\u555e\u6f14\u51fa\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u4ee5\u541b\u4e3b\u7d71\u6cbb\u3001\u5178\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u722d\u596a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u821e\u81fa\u8981\u89d2\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u79c1\u5df1\u884c\u52d5\u4ee5\u81f3\u79c1\u5bc6\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ea\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u6a01\u4e4f\u4eba\u805e\u554f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u79d8\u8f9b\u3002\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u96b1\u6666\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7f6e\u8eab\u516c\u5171\u6027\u9670\u5f71\u4e0b\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u516c\u79c1\u754c\u7dda\u4e0d\u5206\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u65e2\u975e\u516c\u5171\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u79c1\u5df1\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u53ef\u73fe\u8eab\u65bc\u516c\u773e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5167\u90e8\u4e5f\u7121\u79c1\u5bc6\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5f9e\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u793e\u5340\u5230\u9109\u93ae\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u5f80\u4f86\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u4e92\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u96b1\u79c1\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u8207\u79c1\u4eba\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5169\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u793e\u6703\u6a5f\u80fd\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u653f\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u758f\u9060\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u4e92\u719f\u8b58\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4f11\u9592\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u8b8a\u6210\u76f8\u4e92\u7368\u7acb\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u3002 \u8b93\u6de1\u53bb\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u9762\u8c8c\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u8b93\u500b\u9ad4\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u751f\u6d3b\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u7576\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u53f2\u5bb6Phillippe Aries\u548cGeorges Duby\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u88ab\u55bb\u70ba\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u4e00\u9805\u300c\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6210\u679c\u300d\u7684\u4e94\u5377\u672c\u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u5f9e\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5728\u7dbf\u5ef6\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9577\u6d41\u4e2d\u8a66\u5716\u627e\u51fa\u5f71\u97ff\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u5176\u9593\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u7269\u8cea\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u7684\u8ffd\u7d22\u3002\u79c1\u4eba\u53f2\u7684\u7528\u610f\u5982\u9019\u5957\u66f8\u5206\u5377\u7de8\u8005\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5beb\u7fa4\u9ad4\u53f2\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5beb\u500b\u4eba\u8868\u73fe\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5beb\u4e00\u90e8\u500b\u4eba\u505a\u4e8b\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u611b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc3\u9748\u3001\u8089\u9ad4\u7684\u539f\u52d5\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7b\u60f3\u548c\u5922\u60f3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u300a\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u4ee5\u5fae\u89c0\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7463\u4e8b\u8207\u6587\u660e\u9032\u5c55\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u672a\u5fc5\u7121\u95dc\u6b77\u53f2\u5b8f\u65e8\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9032\u5165\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u77ad\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u6b77\u53f2\u968e\u6bb5\u79c1\u4eba\u9818\u57df\u8207\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5206\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u8207\u79c1\u4eba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff1b\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u6587\u660e\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u96b1\u79c1\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4f86\uff1b\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u69cb\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\uff1f\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7406\u89e3\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u5982\u4f55\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u4ea4\u5f80\u3001\u79ae\u5100\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u98f2\u98df\u3001\u95b1\u8b80\u3001\u4f11\u9592\u9038\u6a02\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u7269\u6240\u69cb\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u505a\u70ba\u79c1\u5df1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u201cEmpire &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2021\/01\/05\/%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2-6\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-1Yo","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7588"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7591,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7588\/revisions\/7591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}