{"id":7639,"date":"2021-04-07T01:00:40","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T01:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=7639"},"modified":"2021-04-07T01:00:44","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T01:00:44","slug":"the-multiple-realization-book","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2021\/04\/07\/the-multiple-realization-book\/","title":{"rendered":"The Multiple Realization Book"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n\u6709\u4eba\u8ad6\u8b49\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u6642 \u8aaa\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5be6\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<br>\u8ad6\u8b49\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u3002\u8aaa\u5982\u679c\u5fc3\u9748\u662f\u53ef\u5316\u7d04\u505a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u80fd\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5373\u5fc3\u9748\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\uff08multiple realisation\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5fc3\u9748\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u300c\u706b\u661f\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u6703\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u9023\u57fa\u672c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u5982\u300c\u75db\u82e6\u300d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709<br>\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\uff0c\u6c92\u7406\u7531\u5047\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71<br>\u6240\u4ee5\u61c9\u8a72\u5805\u6301\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u985e\u6bd4\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u53ea\u63a2\u8a0e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u4f86\u7814\u7a76<br>&#8230;&#8230;<br>\u73fe\u5728\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u4e5f\u91cd\u65b0\u9047\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6<br>Putnam \u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49functionalism \uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u82e5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u706b\u661f\u4eba\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u75db\u82e6\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u6309\u300c\u75db\u82e6\u300d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u4f86\u767c\u751f\u3001\u5728\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u751a\u9ebc\u89d2\u8272\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u75db\u82e6\u5982\u4f55\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u8166\u90e8\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\uff09\u3002\u3002\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95dc\u65bc\u672c\u66f8\u81ea\u5f9eHilary Putnam\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c07\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d93\u9a57\u5047\u8a2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5171\u8b58\u5c31\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5927\u8166\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5be6\u73fe\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u201c\u53cd\u9084\u539f\u5171\u8b58\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002Thomas W. Polger\u548cLawrence A. Shapiro\u5c0d\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u66f8\u672c\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7522\u751f\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u5728\u8ad6\u8b49\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u56de\u61c9\u4e86Jerry Fodor\uff0cNed Block\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8faf\u8b77\u3002Polger\u548cShapiro\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u7406\u8ad6\uff08mind-brain identities\uff09\u4e00\u65e6\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9069\u7576\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u69cb\u60f3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u50c5\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u70ba\u771f\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8ad6\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u6b63\u5982Polger\u548cShapiro\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u8166\u667a\u8eab\u4efd\u5728\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u200b\u200b\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u57fa\u65bc\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5be6\u73fe\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u7684\u524d\u666f\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u9019\u4f7fPolger\u548cShapiro\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u66ff\u4ee3\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5b78\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"635\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/multipleRealization-bk-635x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7640\" srcset=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/multipleRealization-bk-635x1024.jpg 635w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/multipleRealization-bk-186x300.jpg 186w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/multipleRealization-bk-768x1238.jpg 768w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/multipleRealization-bk.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u4eba\u8ad6\u8b49\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u6642 \u8aaa\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5be6\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002\u8ad6\u8b49\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u3002\u8aaa\u5982\u679c\u5fc3\u9748\u662f\u53ef\u5316\u7d04\u505a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u80fd\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5373\u5fc3\u9748\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\uff08multiple realisation\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5fc3\u9748\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u300c\u706b\u661f\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u6703\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u9023\u57fa\u672c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u5982\u300c\u75db\u82e6\u300d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\uff0c\u6c92\u7406\u7531\u5047\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u4ee5\u61c9\u8a72\u5805\u6301\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u985e\u6bd4\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u53ea\u63a2\u8a0e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u4f86\u7814\u7a76&#8230;&#8230;\u73fe\u5728\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u4e5f\u91cd\u65b0\u9047\u5230\u9019\u500b\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6Putnam \u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49functionalism \uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u82e5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u706b\u661f\u4eba\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u75db\u82e6\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u6309\u300c\u75db\u82e6\u300d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u4f86\u767c\u751f\u3001\u5728\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u751a\u9ebc\u89d2\u8272\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u75db\u82e6\u5982\u4f55\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u8166\u90e8\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\uff09\u3002\u3002\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc\u672c\u66f8\u81ea\u5f9eHilary Putnam\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c07\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u73fe\u201d\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d93\u9a57\u5047\u8a2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5171\u8b58\u5c31\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5927\u8166\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5be6\u73fe\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u201c\u53cd\u9084\u539f\u5171\u8b58\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002Thomas W. Polger\u548cLawrence A. 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