{"id":7904,"date":"2022-03-10T01:49:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-10T01:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=7904"},"modified":"2022-03-11T01:57:47","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T01:57:47","slug":"china-marches-west-the-qing-conquest-of-central-eurasia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/03\/10\/china-marches-west-the-qing-conquest-of-central-eurasia\/","title":{"rendered":"China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <br>\u6e05\u671d\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u55ce\uff1f\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u81ea\u6e05\u671d\u5efa\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\uff08\u6f22\u4eba\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u53cd\u60c5\u5fa9\u660e\uff1f\u5176\u5f8c\u53c8\u6709\u63a8\u7ffb\u6eff\u6e05\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u548c\uff1f\u82e5\u7136\u6e05\u671d\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u90a3\u9d09\u7247\u6230\u722d\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u982d\u4e0a\u3001\u767e\u5e74\u6065\u8fb1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u70ba\u4f55\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u5e1d\u570b\u6ec5\u4ea1\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u8207\u897f\u85cf\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1f\u65b0\u6e05\u53f2\u5b97\u5e2b\u7834\u89e3\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u5927\u6e05\u76db\u4e16\u7684\u8f1d\u714c\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5927\u8349\u539f\u6e38\u7267\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9801  \u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7248\u5716\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u57281600-1800\u5e74\u9593\u5411\u897f\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\uff0c\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u300d\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u5c07\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u65b0\u7586\u8207\u8499\u53e4\u7d0d\u5165\u7248\u5716\uff0c\u4e14\u7262\u7262\u63a7\u5236\u897f\u85cf\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u8a87\u8000\u5927\u6e05\u76db\u4e16\u7684\u300c\u5341\u5168\u6b66\u529f\u300d\uff0c\u6cf0\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u5834\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u584a\u7121\u4eba\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u7576\u5730\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5e1d\u570b\uff1a\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u8499\u53e4\u6c57\u570b\u3002\u5927\u6e05\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u884c\u52d5\u8207\u7d93\u8cbf\u9032\u903c\uff0c\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u5e1d\u570b\u66fe\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u904e\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u5e7e\u4e4e\u906d\u5230\u9023\u6839\u62d4\u9664\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u300d\u96d6\u7136\u958b\u555f\u5927\u6e05\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5049\u5927\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e2d\u570b\u7248\u5716\u7684\u7586\u754c\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u7d42\u7d50\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u8349\u539f\u6e38\u7267\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u7d42\u7d50\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u7121\u908a\u754c\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u66f4\u57cb\u4e0b\u65e5\u5f8c\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u8981\u5168\u76e4\u6aa2\u8996\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4e2d\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u300d\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u821e\u81fa\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u3001\u6771\u9032\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u610f\u6b32\u5321\u5fa9\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u9738\u696d\u7684\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u8996\u70ba\u6b64\u4e00\u821e\u81fa\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u70ba\u4e86\u8655\u7406\u672c\u66f8\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u8de8\u5ea6\u8207\u591a\u65b9\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u8207\u82f1\u6587\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u9084\u5afb\u719f\u517c\u63a1\u8499\u6587\u3001\u6eff\u6587\u3001\u4fc4\u6587\u8207\u65e5\u6587\u7b49\u591a\u9054\u4e03\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u65e2\u95dc\u7167\u5e1d\u570b\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u5851\u9020\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u6316\u6398\u6b77\u53f2\u5931\u8a9e\u8005\u7684\u4f4e\u8072\u5462\u5583\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u5e1d\u570b\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u722d\u3001\u6a6b\u4e99\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u7cbe\u91c7\u53f2\u8a69\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u300d\uff0c\u897f\u8d77\u70cf\u514b\u862d\u5927\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u6771\u81f3\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5317\u5f9e\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9e\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u5357\u7de3\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u5357\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u897f\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u3002\u6b64\u5340\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u591a\u8b8a\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5ee3\u88a4\u5343\u91cc\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u986f\u908a\u754c\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u7576\u5927\u6e05\u3001\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u8207\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u4e09\u5927\u5e1d\u570b\u5728\u6b64\u4ea4\u6703\uff0c\u6b64\u5730\u74b0\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u5851\u5176\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u4e09\u65b9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u5408\u7e31\u9023\u6a6b\uff1f\u4efb\u4f55\u7a31\u9738\u6b64\u4e00\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u5c71\u5ddd\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u5730\u8c8c\u5c0d\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5f8c\u52e4\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u7d71\u6cbb\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u969c\u7919\uff1f  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u53ea\u8df3\u812b\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u66f4\u5c07\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u570b\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u300b\u770b\u4f3c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u537b\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u653e\u56de\u5168\u7403\u53f2\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6b96\u6c11\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u66fe\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u821e\u81fa\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u8349\u539f\u6e38\u7267\u5e1d\u570b\u7d42\u7d50\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d42\u7d50\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4f86\u53bb\u7684\u7121\u908a\u754c\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5049\u5927\u7bc7\u7ae0\u7ffb\u904e\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u9801\uff0c\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\u537b\u6c38\u9060\u55aa\u5931\u8207\u5b9a\u5c45\u8fb2\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5f9e\u672a\u9060\u53bb\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u6467\u6bc0\u6e96\u5676\u723e\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0b\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u53ea\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u9084\u6539\u5beb\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u8207\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u88ab\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7e7c\u627f\u3002\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u8207\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6b64\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u9818\u571f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5b98\u65b9\u4e5f\u81ea\u8a8d\u5404\u65cf\u7686\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/China-Marches-West-Conquest-Central\/dp\/0674057430\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3PRYS7YI9CAT&amp;keywords=peter+perdue%2C+china+marches+west&amp;qid=1646963318&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=peter+perdue%2C+china+marches+west%2Cdigital-text%2C348&amp;sr=1-1\">China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia<\/a>\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u300b&#8221;\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u8207\u8a6e\u91cb\u6210\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u85c9\u7531\u5c0d\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e36\u9818\u8b80\u8005\u7a7f\u900f\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u52dd\u8ca0\u3001\u7586\u754c\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u90fd\u5c1a\u672a\u50f5\u56fa\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7701\u601d\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u591a\u5143\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u5982\u4f55\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u8349\u539f\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u638c\u63a7\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u8207\u897f\u85cf\uff1f\u5f8c\u4ee3\u53f2\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u63a7\u5236\u6b63\u7576\u5316\uff1f\u9019\u5957\u6558\u4e8b\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u83ef\uff09\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7e7c\u627f\uff1f\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a\u4e2d\u570b\u770b\u5f85\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53c8\u8207\u7576\u5e74\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u6709\u4f55\u547c\u61c9\uff1f  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <br>\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u8f13\u6b4c\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u5931\u8a9e\u8005\u7684\u8033\u969b\u8ff4\u97ff\uff1f    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6e05\u671d\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u55ce\uff1f\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u81ea\u6e05\u671d\u5efa\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\uff08\u6f22\u4eba\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u53cd\u60c5\u5fa9\u660e\uff1f\u5176\u5f8c\u53c8\u6709\u63a8\u7ffb\u6eff\u6e05\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u548c\uff1f\u82e5\u7136\u6e05\u671d\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u90a3\u9d09\u7247\u6230\u722d\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u982d\u4e0a\u3001\u767e\u5e74\u6065\u8fb1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb \u70ba\u4f55\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u5e1d\u570b\u6ec5\u4ea1\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u8207\u897f\u85cf\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1f\u65b0\u6e05\u53f2\u5b97\u5e2b\u7834\u89e3\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c \u5927\u6e05\u76db\u4e16\u7684\u8f1d\u714c\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5927\u8349\u539f\u6e38\u7267\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9801 \u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7248\u5716\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u57281600-1800\u5e74\u9593\u5411\u897f\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\uff0c\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u300d\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u5c07\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u65b0\u7586\u8207\u8499\u53e4\u7d0d\u5165\u7248\u5716\uff0c\u4e14\u7262\u7262\u63a7\u5236\u897f\u85cf\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u8a87\u8000\u5927\u6e05\u76db\u4e16\u7684\u300c\u5341\u5168\u6b66\u529f\u300d\uff0c\u6cf0\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u5834\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u584a\u7121\u4eba\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u7576\u5730\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5e1d\u570b\uff1a\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u8499\u53e4\u6c57\u570b\u3002\u5927\u6e05\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u884c\u52d5\u8207\u7d93\u8cbf\u9032\u903c\uff0c\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u5e1d\u570b\u66fe\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u904e\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u5e7e\u4e4e\u906d\u5230\u9023\u6839\u62d4\u9664\u3002 \u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u300d\u96d6\u7136\u958b\u555f\u5927\u6e05\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5049\u5927\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e2d\u570b\u7248\u5716\u7684\u7586\u754c\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u7d42\u7d50\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u8349\u539f\u6e38\u7267\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u7d42\u7d50\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u7121\u908a\u754c\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u66f4\u57cb\u4e0b\u65e5\u5f8c\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002 \u8981\u5168\u76e4\u6aa2\u8996\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4e2d\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u300d\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u821e\u81fa\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u3001\u6771\u9032\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u610f\u6b32\u5321\u5fa9\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u9738\u696d\u7684\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u8996\u70ba\u6b64\u4e00\u821e\u81fa\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u8655\u7406\u672c\u66f8\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u8de8\u5ea6\u8207\u591a\u65b9\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u8207\u82f1\u6587\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u9084\u5afb\u719f\u517c\u63a1\u8499\u6587\u3001\u6eff\u6587\u3001\u4fc4\u6587\u8207\u65e5\u6587\u7b49\u591a\u9054\u4e03\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u65e2\u95dc\u7167\u5e1d\u570b\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u5851\u9020\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u6316\u6398\u6b77\u53f2\u5931\u8a9e\u8005\u7684\u4f4e\u8072\u5462\u5583\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u5e1d\u570b\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u722d\u3001\u6a6b\u4e99\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u7cbe\u91c7\u53f2\u8a69\u3002 \u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u300d\uff0c\u897f\u8d77\u70cf\u514b\u862d\u5927\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u6771\u81f3\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5317\u5f9e\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9e\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u5357\u7de3\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u5357\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u897f\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u3002\u6b64\u5340\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u591a\u8b8a\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5ee3\u88a4\u5343\u91cc\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u986f\u908a\u754c\u3002 \u7576\u5927\u6e05\u3001\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u8207\u6e96\u5676\u723e\u4e09\u5927\u5e1d\u570b\u5728\u6b64\u4ea4\u6703\uff0c\u6b64\u5730\u74b0\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u5851\u5176\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u4e09\u65b9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u5408\u7e31\u9023\u6a6b\uff1f\u4efb\u4f55\u7a31\u9738\u6b64\u4e00\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u5c71\u5ddd\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u5730\u8c8c\u5c0d\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5f8c\u52e4\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u7d71\u6cbb\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u969c\u7919\uff1f \u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u53ea\u8df3\u812b\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u66f4\u5c07\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u570b\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u300b\u770b\u4f3c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u537b\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u653e\u56de\u5168\u7403\u53f2\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u3002 \u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6b96\u6c11\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f \u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u66fe\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u821e\u81fa\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u8349\u539f\u6e38\u7267\u5e1d\u570b\u7d42\u7d50\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d42\u7d50\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4f86\u53bb\u7684\u7121\u908a\u754c\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5049\u5927\u7bc7\u7ae0\u7ffb\u904e\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u9801\uff0c\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\u537b\u6c38\u9060\u55aa\u5931\u8207\u5b9a\u5c45\u8fb2\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5f9e\u672a\u9060\u53bb\u3002 \u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u6467\u6bc0\u6e96\u5676\u723e\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0b\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u53ea\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u9084\u6539\u5beb\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u8207\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u88ab\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7e7c\u627f\u3002\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u8207\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6b64\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u9818\u571f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5b98\u65b9\u4e5f\u81ea\u8a8d\u5404\u65cf\u7686\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002 &#8220;China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5f81\u300b&#8221;\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u8207\u8a6e\u91cb\u6210\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u85c9\u7531\u5c0d\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e36\u9818\u8b80\u8005\u7a7f\u900f\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u52dd\u8ca0\u3001\u7586\u754c\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u90fd\u5c1a\u672a\u50f5\u56fa\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7701\u601d\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u591a\u5143\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 \u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u5982\u4f55\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u8349\u539f\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u638c\u63a7\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u8207\u897f\u85cf\uff1f\u5f8c\u4ee3\u53f2\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u63a7\u5236\u6b63\u7576\u5316\uff1f\u9019\u5957\u6558\u4e8b\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u83ef\uff09\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7e7c\u627f\uff1f\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a\u4e2d\u570b\u770b\u5f85\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53c8\u8207\u7576\u5e74\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u6709\u4f55\u547c\u61c9\uff1f \u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u592e\u6b50\u4e9e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u97ff\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u3002 \u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u8f13\u6b4c\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u5931\u8a9e\u8005\u7684\u8033\u969b\u8ff4\u97ff\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-23u","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7904"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7905,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7904\/revisions\/7905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}