{"id":8251,"date":"2022-07-28T00:40:22","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T00:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8251"},"modified":"2022-07-28T00:40:26","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T00:40:26","slug":"the-feeling-of-what-happens-body-and-emotion-in-the-making-of-consciousness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/07\/28\/the-feeling-of-what-happens-body-and-emotion-in-the-making-of-consciousness\/","title":{"rendered":"The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u60c5\u7dd2\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u7dad\u5ea6\u4e4b\uff0c\u65bc\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u5225\u5177\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u982d\u8166\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antonio Damasio\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e7e\u4ee3\u4eba\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u4e45\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u6b21\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c89\u601d\uff1fDamasio\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u62bd\u8c61\u4e14\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u95dc\u9375\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u559a\u8d77\u4e86 T.S. Eliot\u3001Shakespeare\u548cWilliam\nJames\u3002\u7528Eliot\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u201c\u807d\u5f97\u90a3\u9ebc\u6df1\/\u6839\u672c\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u3002\u201d\u5b83\u548cHamlet\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u8ab0\u5728\u90a3\u5152\uff1f\u201d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u800cDamasio\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6b63\u5982William James\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5229\u7528\u5927\u8166\u6bcf\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u201c\u610f\u8b58\u6d41\u201d\u3002\nDamasio\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u60c5\u7dd2\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u6709\u95dc\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damasio\u901a\u904e\u7528\u65e5\u5e38\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u89e3\u91cb\u60c5\u7dd2\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u60c5\u7dd2\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5927\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8996\u89ba\u901a\u8def\u3002\u7576\u4ecb\u7d39\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u9032\u884c\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8b80\u8005\u611f\u5230\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u3002\u6587\u737b\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u95dc\u65bcDamasio\u89aa\u8eab\u63a5\u89f8\u904e\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5728\u67af\u71e5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damasio\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u66a2\u92b7\u7684\u201d Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain<\/a>\u201d \uff081994\uff09\u4e2d\uff0cDamasio\u5df2\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u60c5\u611f\u5728\u7406\u6027\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u4e14\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\uff0cDamasio\u82b1\u4e86\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5728\u91ab\u9662\u8d70\u5eca\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5931\u61b6\u75c7\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u660f\u8ff7\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u9192\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u7528 PET \u6383\u63cf<\/a> \u8a2d\u8a08\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u62fc\u6e4a\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8b0e\u984c\u2014\u2014\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6839\u6e90\u611f\u77e5\u610f\u8b58\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u7684\u982d\u8166\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u9a57\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damasio\u901a\u904e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u75c5\u4ebaDavid\u4f86\u589e\u5f37\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002David\u4e00\u76f4\u9078\u64c7\u5c0d\u4ed6\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u9047\u3001\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u6216\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff08\u9019\u662f\u5728\u5b9a\u671f\u5f9e\u5496\u5561\u5e97\u9ede\u5496\u5561\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u597d\u201d\u4eba\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\u4eba\u548c\u201c\u58de\u201d\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u5728\u4e09\u5929\u7684\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0cDavid\u8207\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u4e94\u6b21\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u800c\u597d\u4eba\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u7a31\u8b9a\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u7a4d\u6975\u6216\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u58de\u4eba\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u5f88\u7c97\u9b6f\u3002\u7136\u5f8cDavid\u770b\u4e86\u56db\u5f35\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u5f35\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4ed6\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002 80%\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u597d\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u4e0d\u9078\u64c7\u58de\u4eba\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0cDavid\u5728\u906d\u9047\u6642\u7de8\u78bc\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u8166\u640d\u50b7\uff0c\u7576\u5834\u6642\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u61b6\u8d77\u7576\u6642\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u8868\u73fe\u6e96\u78ba\u3002\u9019\u96e3\u9053\u4e0d\u8b93\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u4f60\u5927\u8166\u6df1\u6df5\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u611f\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u906d\u9047\u5728\u5851\u9020\u4f60\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7d93\u6b77\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u55ce\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u90e8”The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness<\/a>“\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2dDamasio\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u611f\u89ba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\u611f\u2014\u2014\u64c1\u6709\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u610f\u8b58\u201d\u3002\u9019\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u9805\u76ee\uff0cDamasio\u5805\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5373\u8a8d\u77e5\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5c07\u4ee5\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8b19\u865b\u614b\u5ea6\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u7167\u4eae\u901a\u5f80\u9069\u7576\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damasio\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u5927\u8166\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5177\u8eab\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u4e2d\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u5716\u50cf\uff08\u5c0d\u8c61\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u611f\u89ba\u3001\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u7522\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u4e5f\u5728\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u201d\uff08P9\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c [End Page 323] \u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u201c\u64c1\u6709\u201d\u7684\uff09\u3002Damasio\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u6d89\u53ca\u5c0d\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4f60\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u2014\u2014\u5373\u201c\u4f60\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u67d0\u4e8b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u201d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff08P10\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u500b\u96e3\u984c\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u767c\u751f\u5728Damasio\u958b\u59cb\u5f9e\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u548c\u7269\u9ad4\u9019\u5169\u500b\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u69cb\u5efa\u95dc\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff1a\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u8207\u67d0\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u6b63\u5728\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 (P133) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damasio \u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u81bd\u5c0f\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u5927\u8166\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5316\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u3001\u8166\u640d\u50b7\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u9032\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u6b21\u8271\u82e6\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u6b21\u65c5\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u7684\u982d\u8166\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u9a57\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u5b58\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u53c3\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8f1d\u714c\u87ba\u65cb\u3002\u5373\u70ba\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u5167\u90e8\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a69\u614b\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6c27\u6c23\u904e\u5c11\u3001\u71b1\u91cf\u904e\u591a\u6216\u904e\u5c11\u3001\u71df\u990a\u4e0d\u8db3\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6a5f\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8abf\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u547d\u76e3\u6e2c\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u52d5\u7269\u4e2d\u85c9\u52a9\u60c5\u7dd2\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9054\u99ac\u897f\u5967\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u60c5\u7dd2\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u5316\u5b78\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u5b83\u76e3\u6e2c\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8b66\u5831\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damasio\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6839\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Damasio\u901a\u904e\u8a62\u554f\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u63a5\u8fd1\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5967\u79d8\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u982d\u8166\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\uff1fDamasio\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u60c5\u7dd2\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u6709\u95dc\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u8166\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6bd4\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u982d\u8166\u986f\u793a\u7684\u8981\u591a \u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u5c0d\u5927\u8166\u201c\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u7d55\u975e\u4e4f\u5473\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8b93\u6211\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u6642\u9593\u3002Damasio\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u201c\u611f\u89ba\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u61c9\u4fdd\u7559\u7528\u65bc\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u6307\u5b9a\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u7121\u7de3\u7121\u6545\u5730\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u5ea6\u904e\u4e86\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002\u5c0e\u81f4\u60c5\u7dd2\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8a98\u767c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u5c0e\u81f4\u60c5\u7dd2\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5947\u9ede Damasio \u901a\u904e\u89e3\u91cb\u8996\u89d2\u548c\u500b\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u70ba\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u50b3\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u9ad4\u9a57\u662f\u7368\u7279\u800c\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u5927\u8166\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e2d\u773e\u591a\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ed6\u8cbb\u529b\u5730\u5f37\u8abf\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u77e5\u89ba\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u4fe1\u865f\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u8eab\u9ad4\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u4fe1\u865f\u3002\u5169\u500b\u4fe1\u865f\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u624d\u80fd\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6c92\u6709\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff08\u5373\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8eab\u9ad4\u9ad4\u9a57\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5c0d\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8996\u89ba\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u5c0d\u8c61\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7d14\u7cb9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u9019\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u66fe\u7d93\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u5c0d\u8c61\uff08\u5f9e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff09\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u7372\u5f97\u611f\u77e5\u6240\u505a\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5b58\u5132\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u8a18\u61b6\u201d\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u8a18\u61b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cDamasio\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u64fa\u812b\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u201d\uff08P173\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u8eab\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u7121\u5f62\u7684\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u81ea\u50b3\u9ad4\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u503c\u5f97\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u800c\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u60c5\u7dd2\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6050\u61fc\uff09\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u9996\u5148\u611f\u5230\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u96de\u6216\u86cb\u7684\u5834\u666f\u3002 \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e00\u76f4\u7e08\u7e5e\u5728\u6211\u7684\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002 \u6211\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u6b77\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u6642\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u81ea\u6211(the proto-self)\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u982d\u8166\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u76e3\u63a7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u500b\u539f\u59cb\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u6a21\u5f0f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6642\u6642\u523b\u523b\u6620\u5c04\u8457\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7dad\u5ea6\u201d\uff08154\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u4e8b\u5f8c 500 \u6beb\u79d2\u611f\u77e5\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u8b58\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u7406\u6027\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u8207\u6e05\u9192\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u7406\u6027\u6216\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5931\u61b6\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u8b58\u5931\u6557\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6703\u96a8\u4e4b\u5931\u6557\u3002\u5c0dDamasio\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u4f86\u8aaa\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u610f\u8b58\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u9ad8\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5275\u9020\u529b\uff0cDamasio\u5c07\u826f\u5fc3\u7f6e\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u5c0d\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\u7684\u4ed4\u7d30\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u81ea\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u6d3b\u7684\u4fe1\u865f\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u6216\u201c\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u81ea\u50b3\u5f0f\u81ea\u6211\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u5011\u6700\u521d\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a18\u5f97\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u807d\u5230\u3001\u770b\u5230\u548c\u89e6\u6478\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f.\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u81ea\u50b3\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u5f9e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u50b3\u5f0f\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u7d44\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u5011\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u60c5\u7dd2\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u7dad\u5ea6\u4e4b\uff0c\u65bc\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u5225\u5177\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u982d\u8166\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\uff1f Antonio Damasio\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e7e\u4ee3\u4eba\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u4e45\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u6b21\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c89\u601d\uff1fDamasio\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u62bd\u8c61\u4e14\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u95dc\u9375\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u559a\u8d77\u4e86 T.S. Eliot\u3001Shakespeare\u548cWilliam James\u3002\u7528Eliot\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u201c\u807d\u5f97\u90a3\u9ebc\u6df1\/\u6839\u672c\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u3002\u201d\u5b83\u548cHamlet\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u8ab0\u5728\u90a3\u5152\uff1f\u201d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u800cDamasio\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6b63\u5982William James\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5229\u7528\u5927\u8166\u6bcf\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u201c\u610f\u8b58\u6d41\u201d\u3002 Damasio\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u60c5\u7dd2\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u6709\u95dc\u3002 Damasio\u901a\u904e\u7528\u65e5\u5e38\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u89e3\u91cb\u60c5\u7dd2\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u60c5\u7dd2\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5927\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8996\u89ba\u901a\u8def\u3002\u7576\u4ecb\u7d39\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u6642\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u9032\u884c\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8b80\u8005\u611f\u5230\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u3002\u6587\u737b\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u95dc\u65bcDamasio\u89aa\u8eab\u63a5\u89f8\u904e\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5728\u67af\u71e5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 Damasio\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u66a2\u92b7\u7684\u201d Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain\u201d \uff081994\uff09\u4e2d\uff0cDamasio\u5df2\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u60c5\u611f\u5728\u7406\u6027\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u4e14\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\uff0cDamasio\u82b1\u4e86\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5728\u91ab\u9662\u8d70\u5eca\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5931\u61b6\u75c7\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u660f\u8ff7\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u9192\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u7528 PET \u6383\u63cf \u8a2d\u8a08\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u62fc\u6e4a\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8b0e\u984c\u2014\u2014\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6839\u6e90\u611f\u77e5\u610f\u8b58\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u7684\u982d\u8166\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u9a57\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u3002 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