{"id":8383,"date":"2022-09-08T02:44:43","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T02:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8383"},"modified":"2022-09-08T04:09:55","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T04:09:55","slug":"the-nature-of-rationality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/09\/08\/the-nature-of-rationality\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nature of Rationality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5468\u986f\u8207\u8521\u703e\u6709\u95dc\u5403\u65e5\u672c\u83dc\u7684\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u8521\u703e\u56de\u4e4b\u4ee5\u300e\u5408\u7406\u300f\u4e8c\u5b57\u3002\u2018\u5408\u7406\u2018\u5728\u9019\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5728\u67d0\u9ee8\u570b\u4e3b\u653f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u5f97\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u8b02\u5408\u7406\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u9ebc\u624d\u662f\u5408\u7406\uff1f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u77e5\u6027\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert Nozick\u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u7406\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9032\u5316\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u201c\u666e\u901a\u201d\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7279\u5fb5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u201d\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5176\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9020\u6210\u504f\u898b\u548c\u76f2\u9ede\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u96e3\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u8207\u63a8\u52d5\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u7dca\u6025\u60c5\u6cc1\u76f8\u8ddd\u751a\u9060\u7684\u9577\u671f\u554f\u984c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u7a76\u7adf\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7406\u6027\u5730\u884c\u52d5\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u88fd\u5b9a\u884c\u52d5\u539f\u5247\u4e26\u52aa\u529b\u5805\u6301\uff1f\u539f\u5247\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u8b70\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002\u7576Nozick\u63a2\u7d22\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u539f\u5247\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6211\u5011\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u5e73\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\u7121\u539f\u5247\u6216\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u9080\u8acb\u6211\u5011\u8003\u616e\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u5617\u8a66\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7d42\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Nature-Rationality-Robert-Nozick\/dp\/0691020965\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=30QGGT7DUH33U&amp;keywords=The+Nature+of+Rationality&amp;qid=1662610144&amp;sprefix=the+nature+of+rationality%2Caps%2C475&amp;sr=8-1\">The Nature of Rationality <\/a>\u201d\u5c07\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u8207\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u624d\u80fd\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c55\u73feNozick\u7e3d\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u539f\u5275\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ed6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5c0d 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u7406\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c07\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u7fa9\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u6c7a\u7b56\u50f9\u503c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u898f\u5247\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8af8\u5982\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883the Prisoner&#8217;s Dilemma\u548cNewcomb&#8217;s Problem\u7b49\u9577\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c31\u4ee5Newcomb&#8217;s Problem\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u7b54\u4f86\u8aaa\u3002<em>Nozick\u5728 1969\u5beb\u4e0b\u2018\u2019Newcomb&#8217;s Problem and Two Principles of Choice&#8221;\u9019\u7bc7<\/em>\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<br>\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u898f\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9032\u5316\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u7fa9\u7522\u751f\u5171\u9cf4\uff0c\u4e26\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u201d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u539f\u5247\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5927\u81bd\u539f\u5275\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u734e\u52f5\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\uff0cNozick \u5229\u7528\u6c7a\u7b56\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u65b0\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u6027\u548c\u9032\u5316\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3002 . . . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5176\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba1993\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9019\u672c\u201cthe Native of Rationality \u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc0\u3002Nozick \u5c07\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u8d85\u8d8a\u6211\u5011\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u539f\u5247\u52aa\u529b\u5be6\u73fe\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u90e8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u904e\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u7522\u751f\u771f\u5be6\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56e0\u7d20\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u6027\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5177\u6709\u667a\u529b\u6210\u5206\uff1a\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u76f8\u4fe1\u6bd4\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9673\u8ff0\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u9810\u671f\u6548\u7528\uff08\u6216\u6c7a\u7b56\u50f9\u503c\uff09\u5927\u65bc\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u7684\u9810\u671f\u6548\u7528\uff08\u6216\u6c7a\u7b56\u50f9\u503c\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u61c9\u8a72\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5468\u986f\u8207\u8521\u703e\u6709\u95dc\u5403\u65e5\u672c\u83dc\u7684\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u8521\u703e\u56de\u4e4b\u4ee5\u300e\u5408\u7406\u300f\u4e8c\u5b57\u3002\u2018\u5408\u7406\u2018\u5728\u9019\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5728\u67d0\u9ee8\u570b\u4e3b\u653f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u5f97\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u8b02\u5408\u7406\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u9ebc\u624d\u662f\u5408\u7406\uff1f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u77e5\u6027\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\uff1f Robert Nozick\u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u7406\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9032\u5316\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u201c\u666e\u901a\u201d\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7279\u5fb5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u201d\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5176\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9020\u6210\u504f\u898b\u548c\u76f2\u9ede\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u96e3\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u8207\u63a8\u52d5\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u7dca\u6025\u60c5\u6cc1\u76f8\u8ddd\u751a\u9060\u7684\u9577\u671f\u554f\u984c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u7a76\u7adf\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7406\u6027\u5730\u884c\u52d5\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u88fd\u5b9a\u884c\u52d5\u539f\u5247\u4e26\u52aa\u529b\u5805\u6301\uff1f\u539f\u5247\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u8b70\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002\u7576Nozick\u63a2\u7d22\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u539f\u5247\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6211\u5011\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u5e73\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\u7121\u539f\u5247\u6216\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u9080\u8acb\u6211\u5011\u8003\u616e\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u5617\u8a66\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7d42\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u201cThe Nature of Rationality \u201d\u5c07\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u8207\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u624d\u80fd\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u66f8\u4e2d\u5c55\u73feNozick\u7e3d\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u539f\u5275\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ed6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5c0d 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u7406\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c07\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u7fa9\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u6c7a\u7b56\u50f9\u503c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u898f\u5247\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8af8\u5982\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883the Prisoner&#8217;s Dilemma\u548cNewcomb&#8217;s Problem\u7b49\u9577\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u5c31\u4ee5Newcomb&#8217;s Problem\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u7b54\u4f86\u8aaa\u3002Nozick\u5728 1969\u5beb\u4e0b\u2018\u2019Newcomb&#8217;s Problem and Two Principles of Choice&#8221;\u9019\u7bc7\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u898f\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9032\u5316\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u7fa9\u7522\u751f\u5171\u9cf4\uff0c\u4e26\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u201d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u539f\u5247\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5927\u81bd\u539f\u5275\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u734e\u52f5\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\uff0cNozick \u5229\u7528\u6c7a\u7b56\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u65b0\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u6027\u548c\u9032\u5316\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3002 . . . \u9019\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5176\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba1993\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9019\u672c\u201cthe Native of Rationality \u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc0\u3002Nozick \u5c07\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u8d85\u8d8a\u6211\u5011\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u539f\u5247\u52aa\u529b\u5be6\u73fe\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u90e8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u904e\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u7522\u751f\u771f\u5be6\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56e0\u7d20\u3002 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