{"id":8398,"date":"2022-09-13T07:47:49","date_gmt":"2022-09-13T07:47:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8398"},"modified":"2022-09-13T07:47:54","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T07:47:54","slug":"the-legacies-of-totalitarianism-a-theoretical-framework","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/09\/13\/the-legacies-of-totalitarianism-a-theoretical-framework\/","title":{"rendered":"The Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p 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1992\uff09\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u7d71\u4e00\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u6539\u9769\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u66fe\u7d93\u9810\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u793e\u6703\u6ef2\u900f\u6027\u6216\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u6642\u9010\u6f38\u6d88\u5931\u3002Aviezer Tucker\u7684\u66f8\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b50\u6d32\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u907a\u7522\u7684\u9811\u200b\u200b\u5f37\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5b83\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u904e\u6e21\u6b63\u7fa9\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6a5f\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u907a\u7522\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u672a\u7d50\u675f\u3002\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u907a\u7522\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u6a19\u7c64\u4e0b\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u592e\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u8b58\u5225\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u8b2c\u8aa4\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u812b\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u898f\u7bc4\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u53d6\u5f97\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u65e9\u5728 2002 \u5e74\uff0cThomas Carothers(<a href=\"http:\/\/libgen.rs\/book\/index.php?md5=D6FE345BF83DAE0120A583FE626A4F63\">The\nend of the transition paradigm<\/a>)\u5c31\u8b66\u544a\u8aaa\uff0c\u904e\u6e21\u7bc4\u5f0f\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u985e\u5225\uff1a\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653f\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6b63\u5728\u6709\u6548\u5730\u878d\u5165\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff1b\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u4fee\u98fe\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fc5\u901f\u9677\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7368\u88c1\u7d71\u6cbb\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u767d\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u6216Turkmenistan\uff08Tucker\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u5f8c\u8005\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u6ce2\u862d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u8b49\u66f8\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5f8c\u8607\u806f\u904e\u6e21\u6642\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5f9e\u672a\u6210\u70ba\u6210\u719f\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u524d\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u81e8\u65e5\u76ca\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u53cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6311\u6230\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c31\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u800c\u8a00\uff0cTucker\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u7576\uff1a\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u73fe\u5be6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u6c7a\u88c2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f80\u5f80\u8207\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u8457\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u907a\u7522\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7fd2\u6163\u807d\u5230\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u4e9b\u5617\u8a66\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u904e\u6e21\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u9996\u5148\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/library.lol\/main\/216079F76B9AE57880B41C668EFFBAD0\">\u201d<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Legacies-Totalitarianism-Theoretical-Framework\/dp\/1107121264\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3E904QXZ9SXVB&amp;keywords=The+Legacies+of+Totalitarianism%3A+A+Theoretical+Framework&amp;qid=1663055134&amp;sprefix=the+legacies+of+totalitarianism+a+theoretical+framework%2Caps%2C616&amp;sr=8-1&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc\">The Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework<\/a>\u201d<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5275\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u81ea\u7a31\u662f\u5c0d\u201c\u4e2d\u671f\u9032\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<strong> Tucker<\/strong>\u5766\u7387\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7279\u5b9a\u7d93\u9a57\u65e2\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u5916\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u8da8\u52e2\u548c\u6b50\u76df\u6771\u64f4\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u76ee\u5149\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u95e1\u660e\u201c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d66\u5171\u4eab\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u985e\u578b\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u6703\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u907a\u7522\u201d\uff08p 6\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5340\u57df\u6f23\u6f2a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u5b9a\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5c0d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7f3a\u5931\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u5ba3\u793a\u6027\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b89\u6392\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u904e\u6e21\u6642\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\u89e3\u91cb\u904e\u6e21\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u8996\u89d2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5f9e\u201c\u665a\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9late-totalitarianism\u201d\u5230\u201c\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9post-totalitarianism\u201d\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u8a8d\u70ba\u665a\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u7b49\u50f9\u7269\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9non-egalitarian\uff09\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u201c\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u6b50\u548c\u6771\u6b50\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201d\u5f8c\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cbe\u82f1\u6839\u64da\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u8abf\u6574\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u201d\uff08p 22\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u9055\u53cd\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7d93\u6fdf\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u9644\u5e36\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u4eba\u8108\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\u624d\u80fd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5fb5\u7528\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u570b\u6709\u8cc7\u7522\u4e3b\u5f35\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5782\u6b7b\u6399\u624e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u601d\u8def\u7e7c\u7e8c\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff09\uff0c<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u201c\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6roughness\u201d\u6216\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53f8\u6cd5\u6388\u6b0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u57f7\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u76db\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d55\u5c0d\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u5f8c\u679c\u8ad6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u7ae0\u5206\u5225\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u820a\u653f\u6b0a\u6210\u54e1\u5c0d\u5176\u884c\u70ba\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u53d7\u6975\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u88dc\u511f\u554f\u984c\u3002\u570d\u7e5e\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u7dda\u7d22\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u5f37\u8abf\u7d50\u679c\u800c\u975e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u65b0\u5275\u5efa\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\uff0c<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u4ee5\u60b2\u89c0\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u984c\u3002\u5728\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5b83\u5fb9\u5e95\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u540c\u8b00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8f03\u70ba\u6298\u8877\uff0c\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u6b50\u6d32\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ecDerrida\u3001Habermas\u548c\u017di\u017eek\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u652f\u6301\u9019\u5169\u7ae0\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u885d\u52d5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u201c\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5411unexpected directions\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u6b50\uff08p 205\uff09\u3002<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u54c0\u5606\u9019\u4e9b\u8da8\u52e2\u5728\u5730\u5340\u6027\u7684\u56de\u6b78\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8e48\u820a\u7fd2\u6163\u9700\u8981\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u8b66\u60d5\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u9ede\u71c3\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u898b\u8005\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c92\u6709\u6b7b\uff1b\u5b83\u525b\u525b\u7834\u88c2\u4e86\u201d\uff08p 190\uff09\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6070\u7576\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u5b83\u5047\u8a2d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u7d44\u88dd\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u6452\u68c4\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0e\u5165\u548c\u5370\u8a18\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d30\u5fae\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7fd2\u4fd7\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u201c\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u539f\u7f6athe original sin of the transition\u201d\u662f\u201c\u672a\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u5236\u5ea6the\nfailure to construct liberal institutions\u201d\uff08p 232\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201d\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4f86\u81ea\u5148\u524d\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5f8c\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d61\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u61c9\u7269\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7279\u6b0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u672c\u53cd\u50b3\u7d71\u4e14\u6975\u5177\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u53cd\u5e38\u614b\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u5be6\u8e10\u2014\u2014\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u6709\u591a\u5927\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u65b0\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u524d\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u53cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5f37\u4eba\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u8907\u8208\u8207\u5176\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904e\u53bb\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u4e0d\u52a0\u6279\u5224\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5e2d\u6372\u5168\u7403\u7684\u53cd\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5308\u7259\u5229Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u201c\u666e\u4eac\u7dad\u65b0Putin Restoration\u201d\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u7dad\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u50cf\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u524d\u8005\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6642\u9593\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 2008 \u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6b63\u5982<strong>Tucker<\/strong>\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u6697\u793a\u4f46\u5f9e\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u63a2\u7d22\u904e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u591a\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u5171\u540c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u89e3\u958b\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6e1b\u8f15\u5c0d\u8b49\u64da\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u64d4\u6182\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6279\u8a55\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u53ca\u6642\u7684\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0a\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002\n\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\u8207\u5c0d\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u878d\u70ba\u4e00\u9ad4\uff0c\u90fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u6b50\u6d32\u7e7c\u7e8c\u906d\u53d7\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u840e\u9761\u4e0d\u632f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Derrida\u3001Habermas\u548c\u017di\u017eek\u95dc\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u898b\u548c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u907a\u7522\u3002\u5f37\u70c8\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6b0a\u904e\u6e21\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u89c0\u5bdf\u5bb6\u71b1\u60c5\u5730\u5ba3\u7a31\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cbb\u7406\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u4e0a\u6230\u52dd\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u60c5\u7dd2\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7a7a\u9593\u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u5728\u88fd\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff08\u548c\u614b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff09\u8207\u897f\u6b50\u878d\u5408\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5df2\u200b\u200b\u7d93\u6d88\u9000\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5c07 1989\/1991 \u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8996\u70ba\u201c\u8ffd\u8d95\u9769\u547d\u201d\u6240\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u81ea\u8ca0\u201d\uff08Habermas 1990\uff09\u6216\u96b1\u55bb\u7684\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u7d42\u7d50\u201d\uff08Fukuyama 1992\uff09\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u7d71\u4e00\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u6539\u9769\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u66fe\u7d93\u9810\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u793e\u6703\u6ef2\u900f\u6027\u6216\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u6642\u9010\u6f38\u6d88\u5931\u3002Aviezer Tucker\u7684\u66f8\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b50\u6d32\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u907a\u7522\u7684\u9811\u200b\u200b\u5f37\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5b83\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u904e\u6e21\u6b63\u7fa9\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6a5f\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u907a\u7522\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u5411\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u662f\u665a\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u81ea\u767c\u8abf\u6574\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u5e9c\u9762\u81e8\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f9b\u61c9\u56b4\u91cd\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u61f2\u7f70\u4e86\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u4e26\u88dc\u511f\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7406\u8ad6\u8b8a\u5f97\u6fc0\u9032\uff0c\u800c\u7d50\u679c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u5247\u8b8a\u5f97\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002 \u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u672a\u7d50\u675f\u3002\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u907a\u7522\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u6a19\u7c64\u4e0b\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u592e\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u8b58\u5225\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u8b2c\u8aa4\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u812b\u7bc0\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u898f\u7bc4\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u53d6\u5f97\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u65e9\u5728 2002 \u5e74\uff0cThomas Carothers(The end of the transition paradigm)\u5c31\u8b66\u544a\u8aaa\uff0c\u904e\u6e21\u7bc4\u5f0f\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u985e\u5225\uff1a\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653f\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6b63\u5728\u6709\u6548\u5730\u878d\u5165\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff1b\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u4fee\u98fe\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fc5\u901f\u9677\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7368\u88c1\u7d71\u6cbb\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u767d\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u6216Turkmenistan\uff08Tucker\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u5f8c\u8005\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u6ce2\u862d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u8b49\u66f8\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5f8c\u8607\u806f\u904e\u6e21\u6642\u671f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5f9e\u672a\u6210\u70ba\u6210\u719f\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u524d\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u81e8\u65e5\u76ca\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u53cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6311\u6230\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 \u5c31\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u800c\u8a00\uff0cTucker\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u7576\uff1a\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u73fe\u5be6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u6c7a\u88c2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f80\u5f80\u8207\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u8457\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u907a\u7522\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7fd2\u6163\u807d\u5230\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u4e9b\u5617\u8a66\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u904e\u6e21\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u9996\u5148\u6210\u529f\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u201dThe Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5275\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u81ea\u7a31\u662f\u5c0d\u201c\u4e2d\u671f\u9032\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c Tucker\u5766\u7387\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7279\u5b9a\u7d93\u9a57\u65e2\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u5916\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5168\u7403\u7d93\u6fdf\u8da8\u52e2\u548c\u6b50\u76df\u6771\u64f4\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u76ee\u5149\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u95e1\u660e\u201c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d66\u5171\u4eab\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u985e\u578b\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u6703\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u907a\u7522\u201d\uff08p 6\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5340\u57df\u6f23\u6f2a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u898b\u3002 \u5047\u5b9a\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5c0d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7f3a\u5931\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u5ba3\u793a\u6027\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b89\u6392\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u904e\u6e21\u6642\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\u89e3\u91cb\u904e\u6e21\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u8996\u89d2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5f9e\u201c\u665a\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9late-totalitarianism\u201d\u5230\u201c\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9post-totalitarianism\u201d\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002Tucker\u8a8d\u70ba\u665a\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u7b49\u50f9\u7269\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9non-egalitarian\uff09\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u201c\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u6b50\u548c\u6771\u6b50\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201d\u5f8c\u671f\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cbe\u82f1\u6839\u64da\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u8abf\u6574\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u201d\uff08p 22\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u9055\u53cd\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7d93\u6fdf\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u9644\u5e36\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u4eba\u8108\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\u624d\u80fd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5fb5\u7528\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u570b\u6709\u8cc7\u7522\u4e3b\u5f35\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5782\u6b7b\u6399\u624e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002 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205\uff09\u3002Tucker\u6700\u5f8c\u54c0\u5606\u9019\u4e9b\u8da8\u52e2\u5728\u5730\u5340\u6027\u7684\u56de\u6b78\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8e48\u820a\u7fd2\u6163\u9700\u8981\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u8b66\u60d5\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u9ede\u71c3\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u898b\u8005\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u3002 \u201c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c92\u6709\u6b7b\uff1b\u5b83\u525b\u525b\u7834\u88c2\u4e86\u201d\uff08p 190\uff09\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6070\u7576\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u5b83\u5047\u8a2d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u7d44\u88dd\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136Tucker\u6452\u68c4\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0e\u5165\u548c\u5370\u8a18\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46Tucker\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d30\u5fae\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7fd2\u4fd7\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u201c\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u539f\u7f6athe original sin of the transition\u201d\u662f\u201c\u672a\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u5236\u5ea6the &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/09\/13\/the-legacies-of-totalitarianism-a-theoretical-framework\/\">Continue reading <span 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