{"id":8494,"date":"2022-10-29T09:35:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-29T09:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8494"},"modified":"2022-10-29T09:44:06","modified_gmt":"2022-10-29T09:44:06","slug":"humankind-a-hopeful-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/10\/29\/humankind-a-hopeful-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Humankind: A Hopeful History"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u66f8\u53cb\u63d0\u53ca\uff1a<br>\n\u2018\u2019\u8fd8\u60f3\u8bf7\u4f60\u5728\u9891\u9053\u91cc\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u4e9b\u9002\u5408\u5728\u81f3\u6697\u65f6\u523b\u770b\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4e88\u4eba\u4e00\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u2018\u2019<br>\n\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u500b\u983b\u9053\u7684\u8a2d\u7acb\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\uff1a<br>\n\u2018\u2019\u4eba\u751f\u4e0d\u514d\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7a2e\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u3001\u7591\u60d1\u2026\u2026\u80fd\u6709\u826f\u670b\u540c\u63a2\u8a0e\u56fa\u7136\u597d\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\u900f\u904e\u66f8\u7c4d\uff08\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u5148\u8f29\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff09\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u555f\u8fea\u4ea6\u662f\u4f73\u4e8b\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u6240\u4ecb\u7d39\u8005\u5373\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u3001\u800c\u6709\u6240\u611f\u2026\u2026\u5f9e\u800c\u5c31\u6240\u66fe\u6d89\u7375\u3001\u800c\u7db2\u7d61\u4e0a\u6709\u8005\u4e88\u4ee5\u5c0d\u61c9\u800c\u6210\u2026\u2026\u671b\u80fd\u52a9\u5df1\u978f\u56fa\u6240\u5b78\u5916\u3001\u4ea6\u53ef\u52a9\u4eba\u4ee4\u6709\u6240\u555f\u767c\u2026\u2026&#8221;<br>\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u983b\u9053\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u66f8\u7c4d\u90fd\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5f9e\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6551\u8d16\u3002\u3002\u3002\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u4eab\u904eHannah Arendt \u7684 \u201dMen in Dark Times\u300a\u9ed1\u6697\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u300b\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u8aaa\u53ca\uff1a<br>\n\u300c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u6b0a\u53bb\u671f\u5f85\u4e00\u7a2e\u555f\u660e\uff08illumination\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u555f\u660e\u6216\u8a31\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f86\u81ea\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f86\u81ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u9583\u720d\u800c\u53c8\u7d93\u5e38\u5f88\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u5149\u4eae\u3002\u9019\u5149\u4eae\u6e90\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u90fd\u9ede\u71c3\u8457\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u5149\u6563\u5c04\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5875\u4e16\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6240\u53ca\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u9577\u671f\u7fd2\u6163\u4e86\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u544a\u77e5\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5149\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u881f\u71ed\u7684\u5149\u8292\u9084\u662f\u71be\u70c8\u7684\u967d\u5149\u3002\u300d\uff08\u4e2d\u8b6f\u4f5c\u8005\u5e8f p 3\uff09<br>\n\u2018\u2019That even in the darkest of times we have the right to expect some illumination, and that such illumination may well come less from theories and concepts than from the uncertain, flickering, and often weak light that some men and women, in their lives and their works, will kindle under almost all circumstances and shed over the time span that was given them on earth\u2014this conviction is the inarticulate background against which these profiles were drawn. Eyes so used to darkness as ours will hardly be able to tell whether their light was the light of a candle or that of a blazing sun. \u2018\u2019\uff08Preface\uff09\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u9650\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\u4f5c\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5be6\u5728\u7121\u80fd\u70ba\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u96d6\u7136\u4f5c\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6211\u5011\u7121\u80fd\u70ba\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc3\u88cf\u4e5f\u61c9\u5fc3\u5b58\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u8a72\u660e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u8868\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5b78\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u4e4b\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u9ede\u7121\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5148\u8f1d\u3002\u6b63\u5982Jos\u00e9 Saramago\u5728\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/CN11792206?sloc=main\">\u5931\u660e\u75c7\u6f2b\u8a18<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Blindness-Harvest-Book-Jos%C3%A9-Saramago-ebook\/dp\/B003T0GBOM\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2HIJOUWI9GVAM&amp;keywords=Blindness&amp;qid=1667036406&amp;qu=eyJxc2MiOiIzLjg5IiwicXNhIjoiMi40OCIsInFzcCI6IjEuNTIifQ%3D%3D&amp;sprefix=blindness%2Caps%2C274&amp;sr=8-1&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc\">Blindness<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ede\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a<br> \u300c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u50cf\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u7576\u76e1\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u8981\u50cf\u52d5\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u300d<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u6642\u671f\u6bd4\u4e4b\u65bc\u5149\u660e\u5728\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0a\u4f54\u5f97\u591a\u597d\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7684\u52a3\u8cea\u884c\u70ba\u6bd4\u4e4b\u65bc\u4eba\u6027\u5149\u8f1d\u4e5f\u5448\u73fe\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u3002\u4f60\u5c0d\u300c\u4eba\u6027\u300d\u662f\u611f\u5230\u60b2\u89c0\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u6a02\u89c0\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7121\u8ad6\u6587\u5b78\u4e0a\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u4e0a\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0a\u90fd\u5df3\u7d93\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f8\u5beb\u904e\u3001\u9f13\u52f5\u904e\u6211\u5011\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u8981\u8aaa\u4e5f\u8a31\u7c21\u7c21\u55ae\u55ae\u7684\u5c31\u4ee5\u5148\u524d\u63a8\u4ecb\u904e\u8377\u862d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6Rutger Bregman\u7e41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u8b6f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010900281\">\u300a\u4eba\u6148\u300b<\/a>\uff0c\u7c21\u9ad4\u70ba\u300a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5584\u610f\u300b\u7684\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman-ebook\/dp\/B07XDNDSBG\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3F0S6EIA7I7OS&amp;keywords=Humankind+%3A+A+Hopeful+History&amp;qid=1667036234&amp;sprefix=humankind+a+hopeful+history%2Caps%2C273&amp;sr=8-1\">Humankind : A Hopeful History<\/a>\u201d\uff0c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rutger Bregman\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u5831\u7ae0\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u3001\u666e\u7f85\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u4eba\u6027\u300d\u7684\u504f\u8aa4\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u900f\u904e\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u50b3\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u8a0a\u606f\uff1a\u300c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u6df1\u8655\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u6b63\u6d3e\u7684\u300d\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u4f60\u6539\u89c0\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bregman\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u65c1\u5fb5\u535a\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u67e5\u8b49\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5929\u6027\u3001\u8eab\u70ba\u5b69\u7ae5\u6642\u3001\u5728\u7121\u4eba\u5cf6\u4e0a\u3001\u7576\u6230\u722d\u7206\u767c\u3001\u7576\u5371\u6a5f\u4f86\u8972\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u300c\u597d\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u5f37\u70c8\u504f\u597d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u751f\u81ea\u79c1\u3001\u8caa\u5f97\u7121\u53ad\u3001\u9670\u96aa\u72e1\u8a50\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u6703\u5237\u65b0\u4f60\u7684\u820a\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u65b0\u805e\u5e36\u7d66\u4f60\u7684\u60b2\u89c0\u611f\u5230\u96e3\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u62db\u67b6\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8b80\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u5f9e\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5149\u660e\u9762\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u5728\u9081\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u6642\u5145\u6eff\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u76fc\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u8003\u64da\u7684\u6578\u842c\u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5f9e\u6545\u4e8b\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7121\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e86\u79c1\u5229\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\u800c\u767c\u52d5\u6230\u722d\u3002\u96e3\u9053\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u6027\u597d\u9b25\u55ce\uff1f\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u8a98\u56e0\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u7518\u9858\u6bba\u5f97\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\u55ce\uff1f\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8003\u64da\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u6027\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u50b7\u5bb3\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5f9e\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e09\u500b\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u7ffb\u6848\u4f86\u627e\u5230\u7dda\u7d22\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09<br> \u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/CN11098120?sloc=main\">\u8747\u738b<\/a>\u300b\uff08Lord of the Flies\uff09\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4f5c\u8005William Golding\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6709\u6182\u9b31\u50be\u5411\u7684\u9157\u9152\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u6703\u6253\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u66fe\u8aaa\u904e\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u77ad\u89e3\u7d0d\u7cb9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u985e\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u624d\u8b93\u4f5c\u8005\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u5beb\u51fa\u300a\u8805\u738b\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u9ebc\u4e0d\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u800c\u300a\u8805\u738b\u300b\u5927\u610f\u662f\u5728\u8aaa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u98db\u6a5f\u589c\u6a5f\uff0c\u516d\u500b\u82f1\u570b\u7537\u5b69\u6f02\u6d41\u5230\u4e00\u5ea7\u7121\u4eba\u5cf6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f97\u81ea\u7acb\u6c42\u751f\u3002\u904e\u7a0b\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6b0a\u529b\u722d\u57f7\u3001\u5931\u53bb\u7406\u667a\u3001\u5f31\u8089\u5f37\u98df\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u5b69\u7ae5\u5016\u5b58\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bregman\u6839\u64da\u4e8b\u5be6\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u8ffd\u5c0b\u4e86\u4e00\u689d\u5be6\u969b\u767c\u751f\u904e\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u516d\u540d\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u843d\u96e3\uff0c\u6f02\u6d41\u5230\u963f\u5854\u5cf6\uff08`Ata\uff09\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u5247\u6545\u4e8b\u8ddf\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5927\u76f8\u9015\u5ead\uff0c\u516d\u540d\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u8352\u5cf6\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u5718\u7d50\u7684\u672c\u9818\uff0c\u5354\u8abf\u51fa\u9047\u5230\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9084\u5f7c\u6b64\u5728\u53d7\u50b7\u6642\u4e92\u76f8\u7167\u9867\u3002\u53d7\u56f015\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\uff0c\u516d\u4eba\u7372\u6551\u6642\u4ecd\u6c23\u8272\u98fd\u6eff\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u58eb\u6c23\u9ad8\u6f32\u5730\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f6e\u4fe1\u3002\u771f\u5be6\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8805\u738b\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53cb\u60c5\u548c\u5fe0\u8aa0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<br>\u5728\u6709\u95dc\u2018\u2019\u65af\u5766\u798f\u76e3\u7344\u5be6\u9a57\uff08Stanford prison experiment\uff09\uff08\u00a0 https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/4775\uff09<strong>\u4e2d<\/strong>Philip Zimbardo\u6559\u6388\u628a24\u540d\u53c3\u52a0\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u6210\u5169\u7d44\uff0c12\u4eba\u7576\u56da\u72af\uff0c12\u4eba\u7576\u7344\u5352\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u4eba\u985e\u7576\u56da\u72af\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u64d4\u4efb\u7344\u5352\u7684\u4eba\u65bd\u52a0\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u6574\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u56e0\u70ba\u56da\u72af\u7cbe\u795e\u72c0\u614b\u5feb\u901f\u5d29\u6f70\u3001\u7344\u5352\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u8655\u7f70\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u904e\u706b\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5be6\u9a57\u5230\u7b2c\u516d\u5929\u5c31\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u5f77\u5f7f\u8981\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u4f60\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u5011\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u60e1\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u898f\u5247\u300d\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u8003\u5bdf\u4e4b\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u7c21\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u5929\u5927\u7684\u9a19\u5c40\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u619112\u540d\u7344\u5352\u81ea\u5df1\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u4ee5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91d1\u5df4\u591a\u672c\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u7d66\u7344\u5352\u704c\u8f38\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u7a2e\u632b\u6298\u611f\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u8981\u525d\u596a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u6027\u2026\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7344\u5352\u5b9a\u768417\u689d\u898f\u5247\u88e1\uff0c\u670911\u689d\u6839\u672c\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u5718\u968a\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u9019\u7c21\u76f4\u662f\u5f15\u5c0e\u5f0f\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f60\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u6703\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u5718\u968a\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4ecb\u5165\u300d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u600e\u6a23\uff1f\u5169\u500b\u82f1\u570b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb62002\u5e74\u5728\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u4e0a\u8907\u88fd\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6b21\u6c92\u6709\u544a\u8a34\u7344\u5352\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u7bc0\u76ee\u7121\u804a\u5230\u4e0d\u884c<strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u7344\u5352\u628a\u98df\u7269\u5206\u7d66\u56da\u72af\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u56da\u72af\u63d0\u8b70\u8a2d\u7acb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7b2c\u516d\u5929\uff0c\u7344\u5352\u8ddf\u56da\u72af\u4e00\u8d77\u62bd\u83f8\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u96c6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u5750\u5728\u6c99\u767c\u4e0a\u6d88\u78e8\u6642\u9593\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u7121\u804a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u96e3\u602a\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6c92\u807d\u904e\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09<br> \u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u7c73\u723e\u683c\u502b\u5be6\u9a57\uff08Milgram experiment\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u6b0a\u529b\u670d\u5f9e\u7814\u7a76\uff08Obedience to Authority Study\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6e2c\u8a66\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u8005\u4e0b\u9054\u9055\u80cc\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u6240\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\u529b\u91cf\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u8eab\u70ba\u300c\u8001\u5e2b\u300d\uff0c\u7576\u9694\u58c1\u623f\u9593\u7684\u300c\u5b78\u751f\u300d\u7b54\u932f\u984c\u76ee\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6309\u4e0b\u96fb\u64ca\u5668\uff0c\u61f2\u7f70\u5750\u5728\u96fb\u6905\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u300c\u5b78\u751f\u300d\u662f\u7531\u5be6\u9a57\u4eba\u54e1\u5047\u5192\u7684\uff0c\u53d7\u96fb\u64ca\u6240\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u54ed\u558a\u4e5f\u662f\u6f14\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u6e2c\u7684\u300c\u8001\u5e2b\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u300c\u4ee5\u70ba\u300d\u9019\u4e9b\u96fb\u64ca\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5b78\u751f\u7b54\u932f\uff0c\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\u4f0f\u7279\u6578\u5c31\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e3b\u6301\u4ebaStanley Milgram\u6559\u6388\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u8001\u5e2b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u65bd\u7f70\u3002120\u4f0f\u7279\u6642\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u558a\u75db\uff0c150\u4f0f\u7279\u6642\u5c16\u53eb\u4e26\u558a\u8457\u9000\u51fa\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c200\u4f0f\u7279\u6642\u5927\u53eb\u5927\u53eb\u8840\u7ba1\u88e1\u7684\u8840\u90fd\u51cd\u4f4f\u4e86\uff01\u8d85\u904e320\u4f0f\u7279\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u649e\u7246\u4e26\u5931\u53bb\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u670965%\u7684\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u4e00\u8def\u807d\u5f9e\u6307\u63ee\uff0c\u958b\u5230\u4e86450\u4f0f\u7279\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u628a\u5b78\u751f\u96fb\u6b7b\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9023\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u90fd\u9858\u610f\u96fb\u6b7b\u4e00\u500b\u8def\u4eba\u7532\uff1f\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bregman\u8003\u6838\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\u7ffb\u6848\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u90fd\u66fe\u6297\u547d\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u505c\u624b\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6703\u52a0\u5f37\u58d3\u529b\u903c\u8feb\u5c31\u7bc4\uff0c\u5f9e\u9304\u97f3\u6a94\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u9738\u51cc\u548c\u8105\u8feb\u3002\u4e8b\u5f8c\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9694\u58c1\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5728\u53d7\u82e6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u53ea\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u771f\u5fc3\u300c\u4fe1\u4efb\u300d\u7c73\u502b\u683c\u723e\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u7576\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fcd\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u9858\u610f\u54ac\u8457\u7259\u7e7c\u7e8c\u505a\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d9c\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u500b\u7ffb\u6848\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u6df1\u8655\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u6b63\u6d3e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f15\u7528\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u50ac\u4fc3\u5730\u5920\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u8db3\u5920\u523a\u6fc0\u3001\u53c8\u62d0\u53c8\u9a19\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u60e1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8cbb\u76e1\u529f\u592b\u624d\u80fd\u626f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u300d\u90aa\u60e1\u5f97\u8981\u62ab\u4e0a\u5584\u826f\u7684\u5916\u8863\u624d\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5929\u6027\u597d\u9b25\u3001\u6bba\u5f97\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u55ce\uff1f\u7d9c\u89c0\u6b77\u53f2\u5927\u5c0f\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u653e\u5230\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u9762\u5c0d\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u8655\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002\u8209\u6230\u722d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5169\u8ecd\u4eba\u99ac\u5927\u52d5\u5e72\u6208\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u62d4\u5200\u4e92\u780d\u3001\u8209\u69cd\u4e92\u5c04\u5427\uff1f\u5728\u90a3\u7a2e\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u95dc\u982d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6575\u6b7b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4ea1\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ce\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6230\u722d\u50b7\u4ea1\u7d71\u8a08\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u6230\u82f1\u570b\u9663\u4ea1\u7684\u8ecd\u4eba\u6b7b\u56e0\u4e2d\uff0c10%\u662f\u5b50\u5f48\u548c\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u5730\u96f7\uff1b15%\u662f\u8a6d\u96f7\u3001\u7206\u7834\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\uff1b75%\u662f\u624b\u69b4\u5f48\u3001\u8feb\u64ca\u7832\u548c\u7a7a\u6295\u70b8\u5f48\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u90fd\u662f\u9694\u500b\u4e00\u5b9a\u300c\u8ddd\u96e2\u300d\u88ab\u6bb2\u6ec5\u7684\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u558a\u8457\u6575\u4eba\u662f\u300c\u5bb3\u87f2\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u78b0\u9762\u5c31\u683c\u6bba\u6bcb\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u96e2\u6230\u5834\u6700\u300c\u9059\u9060\u300d\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u548c\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8001\u5175\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u534a\u5f9e\u672a\u6bba\u904e\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u670920%\u7684\u8ecd\u4eba\u66fe\u7d93\u64ca\u767c\u904e\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u5317\u6230\u722d\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u84cb\u8328\u5821\u6230\u5f79\u4e2d\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u768427,000\u628a\u706b\u69cd\uff0c\u9084\u88dd\u6709\u5f48\u85e5\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9054\u523090%\u300212,000\u628a\u88dd\u6709\u5169\u9846\u5f48\u85e5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d6000\u628a\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u9846\u3002\u4f46\u706b\u69cd\u8a2d\u8a08\u6210\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5c04\u51fa\u4e00\u9846\u5b50\u5f48\uff0c\u90a3\u5e79\u561b\u88dd\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u9846\u5b50\u5f48\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u90fd\u300e\u6c92\u6709\u300f\u5728\u8a66\u5716\u6bba\u6575\u3002\u4eba\uff0c\u6253\u5f9e\u5fc3\u5e95\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u50b7\u5bb3\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u4e00\u5247\u5f15\u8ff0\u4f86\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u66a8\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6587\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3bBertrand Russell\u7d66\u672a\u4f86\u4e16\u4ee3\u9019\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u4f60\u5b78\u7fd2\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u6216\u8005\u601d\u8003\u4efb\u4f55\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u8a72\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e8b\u5be6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u3002\u6c38\u9060\u5225\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u5e0c\u671b\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u5225\u4eba\u4fe1\u4e86\u5c31\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u4e8b\u6240\u5206\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c08\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u53bb\u770b\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u300d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u5230\u5e95\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u8def\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\uff1fRutger Bregman\u53c8\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u5efa\u8b70\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e00\u5207\u51b3\u5b9a\u65bc\u4f60\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u3002\u3002\u3002\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u66f8\u53cb\u63d0\u53ca\uff1a \u2018\u2019\u8fd8\u60f3\u8bf7\u4f60\u5728\u9891\u9053\u91cc\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u4e9b\u9002\u5408\u5728\u81f3\u6697\u65f6\u523b\u770b\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4e88\u4eba\u4e00\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u2018\u2019 \u5176\u5be6\u9019\u500b\u983b\u9053\u7684\u8a2d\u7acb\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\uff1a \u2018\u2019\u4eba\u751f\u4e0d\u514d\u6703\u9047\u5230\u7a2e\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u3001\u7591\u60d1\u2026\u2026\u80fd\u6709\u826f\u670b\u540c\u63a2\u8a0e\u56fa\u7136\u597d\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\u900f\u904e\u66f8\u7c4d\uff08\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u5148\u8f29\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff09\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u555f\u8fea\u4ea6\u662f\u4f73\u4e8b\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u6240\u4ecb\u7d39\u8005\u5373\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u3001\u800c\u6709\u6240\u611f\u2026\u2026\u5f9e\u800c\u5c31\u6240\u66fe\u6d89\u7375\u3001\u800c\u7db2\u7d61\u4e0a\u6709\u8005\u4e88\u4ee5\u5c0d\u61c9\u800c\u6210\u2026\u2026\u671b\u80fd\u52a9\u5df1\u978f\u56fa\u6240\u5b78\u5916\u3001\u4ea6\u53ef\u52a9\u4eba\u4ee4\u6709\u6240\u555f\u767c\u2026\u2026&#8221; \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u983b\u9053\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u66f8\u7c4d\u90fd\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5f9e\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6551\u8d16\u3002\u3002\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u4eab\u904eHannah Arendt \u7684 \u201dMen in Dark Times\u300a\u9ed1\u6697\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u300b\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u8aaa\u53ca\uff1a \u300c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u6b0a\u53bb\u671f\u5f85\u4e00\u7a2e\u555f\u660e\uff08illumination\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u555f\u660e\u6216\u8a31\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f86\u81ea\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f86\u81ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u9583\u720d\u800c\u53c8\u7d93\u5e38\u5f88\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u5149\u4eae\u3002\u9019\u5149\u4eae\u6e90\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u90fd\u9ede\u71c3\u8457\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u5149\u6563\u5c04\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5875\u4e16\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6240\u53ca\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u9577\u671f\u7fd2\u6163\u4e86\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u544a\u77e5\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5149\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u881f\u71ed\u7684\u5149\u8292\u9084\u662f\u71be\u70c8\u7684\u967d\u5149\u3002\u300d\uff08\u4e2d\u8b6f\u4f5c\u8005\u5e8f p 3\uff09 \u2018\u2019That even in the darkest of times we have the right to expect some illumination, and that such illumination may well come less from theories &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/10\/29\/humankind-a-hopeful-history\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2d0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8494"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8498,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8494\/revisions\/8498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}