{"id":8534,"date":"2022-11-18T03:30:48","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T03:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8534"},"modified":"2022-11-18T03:30:54","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T03:30:54","slug":"modern-liberty-and-the-limits-of-government","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/11\/18\/modern-liberty-and-the-limits-of-government\/","title":{"rendered":"Modern Liberty: And the Limits of Government"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u3010\u7559\u7f8e5\u5e74\u5fc3\u5f97\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u89e3 \u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u66f4\u7231\u7f8e\u56fd \u5bf9\u7f8e\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cpGGPQkiBcU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption> <br><br>  \u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u9677\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4ee5\u5f80\u671f\u671b\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u6703\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9ad4\u5236\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u65bc\u6b64\u4e5f\u591a\u5c11\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u6b64\u7247\u4e5f\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u7246\u5167\u6d17\u8166\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u3002<br> <br> <br> \u5168\u7247\u5145\u6eff\u5927\u4e2d\u570b\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9119\u8996\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u73ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d77\u5916\u7559\u5b78\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u968e\u5c64\u6216\u8005\u7279\u6b0a\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u9678\u751f\u6d3b\u5bcc\u88d5\u3001\u53c8\u53ef\u4eab\u53d7\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u767c\u89ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u5225\u4eba\u66f4\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u7121\u9650\u5730\u64c1\u62b1\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u611b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u88ab\u58d3\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u97ee\u83dc\u3001\u4f4e\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4f55\u611f\u60f3\u5462\uff1f<br> <br> <br> \u807d\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8a71\u8aaa\u6709\u7246\u5167\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u89ba\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u6b0a\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u7121\u6cd5\u884c\u8cc4\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u6392\u968a\u53c8\u8981\u7b49\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u6012\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u642c\u56de\u7956\u570b\u3002 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u798f\u5229\u570b\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6211\u5011\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u901a\u904e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u6027\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u55ce\uff1f Charles Fried \u8a8d\u70ba\u5e73\u7b49\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u898f\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5a01\u8105\u6211\u5011\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u7576\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u52d5\u5730\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 \u9019\u662fHayek\u7684\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Road-Serfdom-Documents-Definitive-Collected\/dp\/0226320553\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=QWNTCA2OMZX&amp;keywords=The+Road+to+Serfdom&amp;qid=1668742152&amp;sprefix=the+road+to+serfdom%2Caps%2C631&amp;sr=8-1&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.08f69ac3-fd3d-4b88-bca2-8997e41410bb\">The Road to Serfdom<\/a>\u201d\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5c07\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u7262\u7262\u5730\u62cb\u5728\u8eab\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u66f4\u4ec1\u6148\u3001\u66f4\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002 \u6709\u4e86Fried\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u53d7\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u53f3\u6d3e\u9650\u5236\u4ed6\u5011\u4fc3\u9032\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u5049\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6709\u8457\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Charles Fried \u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3001Reagan\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u524d\u7e3d\u6aa2\u5bdf\u9577\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u52aa\u529b\u8aaa\u670d\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63a8\u7ffbRoe v. Wade\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u81ea 1961 \u5e74\u8d77\u65b7\u65b7\u7e8c\u7e8c\u64d4\u4efb\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684Fried\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9b25\u58eb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u591a\u6578\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e2d\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u81ea\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728Reagan\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u8870\u843d\u7684\u6b98\u9918\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u535a\u5b78\u3001\u5c16\u523b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u8207\u5be9\u67e5\u54e1\u3001\u76e3\u7ba1\u8005\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\u7684\u9053\u8c8c\u5cb8\u7136\u7684\u611b\u7ba1\u9592\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\u4f5c\u9b25\u722d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Fried \u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8457\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u90e8\u95dc\u65bc\u5951\u7d04\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u3001\u4e00\u672cReagan\u9769\u547d\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u3001\u4e00\u672c\u61b2\u6cd5\u5165\u9580\u8b80\u7269\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u6216\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4fe1\u689d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u66f8\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002Fried\u6eff\u61f7\u5e0c\u671b\u5730\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 \u4ed6\u6e34\u671b\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u5beb\u4e00\u672c\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u8207\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u201d The Road to Serfdom\u201d\u4e00\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u66f8\u3002Fried\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u8271\u9245\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u4ed6\u5c07\u5617\u8a66\u78ba\u5b9a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u76ee\u6a19\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u7531( p 39 )\u3002Fried\u5ba3\u7a31\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u5c07\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u6280\u8853\u88dd\u5099\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6500\u767b\u9802\u5cf0\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Modern-Liberty-Limits-Government-Issues-ebook\/dp\/B004MPRA8E\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3U59ZMBAXZ50U&amp;keywords=Modern+Liberty%3A+And+the+Limits+of+Government&amp;qid=1668741970&amp;sprefix=modern+liberty+and+the+limits+of+government%2Caps%2C541&amp;sr=8-1\">Modern Liberty and the Limits of Government<\/a>\u201d \u6bd4\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u7279\u5225\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9806\u4fbf\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0cFried\u62ab\u4e0a\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u888d\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u9996\u8981\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u6642\u6703\u56e0\u5176\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u904e\u6fc0\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u65e2\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u8457\u81ea\u6211\u5be9\u8996\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u9650\u5236\u3002\u201dModern Liberty and the Limits of Government\u201d\u53d7\u5230\u4e86 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u6cd5\u570b\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005Benjamin Constant \u7684\u555f\u767c\u3002 1819 \u5e74\uff0cConstant\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u540d\u70ba \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Liberty-Ancients-Compared-that-Moderns-ebook\/dp\/B00CFQD4UK\/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?crid=24ALB9YB2A4TJ&amp;keywords=The+Liberty+of+the+Ancients+Compared+to+the+Moderns.&amp;qid=1668742202&amp;sprefix=the+road+to+serfdom%2Caps%2C1289&amp;sr=8-1-fkmr0\">The Liberty of the Ancients Compared to the Moderns.<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002 Constant \u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5473\u8457\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u4ed6\u5011\u793e\u5340\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\u9032\u884c\u8faf\u8ad6\u548c\u6295\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u71b1\u8eab\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u201c\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u64c1\u6709\u5b83\u201d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff08 p 18 \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u201c\u500b\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\uff08 p 19 \uff09\uff0c\u5632\u7b11\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u96b1\u55bb\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\uff08 p 19 \uff0ccf p 142\uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u4e5f\u5c07\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u512a\u5148\u6b0a\u6b78\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u201c\u7531\u500b\u4eba\u7d44\u6210\u201d\uff08 p 19\uff0ccf p 76 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u90fd\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff08 p 21\uff0ccf p 22 \uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Fried \u6240\u898b\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u201c\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u201d\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u6a19\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u69ae\u8000\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8207\u6211\u5011\u201c\u5b64\u7368\u7684\u500b\u6027\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u201c\u6700\u5e95\u5c64\u3001\u96e3\u4ee5\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u201d\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u6293\u4f4f\u9019\u7a2e\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u4e00\u500b\u4fdd\u8b77\u6027\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u201c\u6ce1\u6cab\u201d\u6240\u5305\u570d\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u5354\u5546\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u4f9d\u6200\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\u3002 \u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7a7a\u9593\u201d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u201c\u4fb5\u72af\u5b83\u201d\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u53d7\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u901a\u904e\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u8868\u793a\u540c\u610f\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7d50\u679c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u5c08\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Constant \u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6578\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u8207 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u60f3\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6b0a\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u4e26\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8077\u696d\uff0c\u8655\u7f6e\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6feb\u7528\u5b83\uff1b\u672a\u7d93\u8a31\u53ef\u4f86\u4f86\u53bb\u53bb\uff0c\u7121\u9700\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u6216\u627f\u8afe\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6b0a\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4fe1\u5949\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u50be\u5411\u548c\u5947\u601d\u5999\u60f3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5ea6\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u6216\u6642\u9593\u3002 \u201d Constant \u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u7368\u7acb\u201d\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u201c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u597d\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50b7\u5bb3\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002 . . .\u6211\u518d\u8aaa\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u60f3\u8981\u6062\u5fa9 Constant \u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6297\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u80fd\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf 60 \u591a\u5e74\u524d F. A. Hayek\u7684 \u201d Road to Serfdom\u201d \u5e6b\u52a9\u904f\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46Fried \u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u53e4\u8001\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u4ed6\u634d\u885b\u81ea\u6211\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u6700\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u601d\u8003\u3001\u8aaa\u8a71\u548c\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u81ea\u7531\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u9054\u4f60\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u6700\u6df1\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u8072\u7a31\u6709\u6b0a\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u8650\u5f85\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5974\u96b8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6700\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u540c\u610f\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u4f34\u4fb6\u548c\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cFried\u634d\u885b\u7570\u6027\u6200\u548c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u4eba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8207\u8ab0\u5206\u4eab\u9019\u7a2e\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u2014\u2014\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u4f34\u4fb6\u4ee4\u4eba\u53cd\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u5c0d\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5468\u570d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c0d\u8c61\u6642\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u4f86\u4e86\u3002Fried \u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6703\u843d\u7a7a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u9336\u9054\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\uff0c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\uff1f\u4ed6\u660e\u767d\u8ca1\u7522\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7e41\u69ae\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u91ce\u883b\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u898f\u5283\u672a\u4f86\u4e26\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u7522\u6b0a\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u70ba\u57f7\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u6536\u5165\u4f86\u70ba\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a72\u64d4\u4fdd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u91d1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7a2e\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9053\u8def\u3001\u516c\u5712\u548c\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5fb5\u7a05\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u8cc7\u91d1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a66\u5716\u642d\u4fbf\u8eca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5f88\u5feb\u4f7f Fried \u8d70\u4e0b\u5761\u8def\u3002\u5f9e\u9053\u8def\u548c\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u798f\u5229\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u624b\u63d0\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5176\u4ed6\u9805\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u958b\u59cb\u6ed1\u4e0b\u9019\u500b\u659c\u5761\u7684\uff1f\u96d6\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u634d\u885b Constant \u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u514d\u53d7\u570b\u5bb6\u5f37\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u9019\u4e9b\u518d\u5206\u914d\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u51fa\u751f\u548c\u6210\u9577\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u89c0\u5ff5\u3001\u7fd2\u4fd7\u548c\u6587\u5316\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u6211\u5011\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002Fried \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u5340\u8ca0\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6211\u5011\u3002\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u9762\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u5c0d\u540c\u80de\u7684\u8271\u8f9b\u3001\u4e0d\u5e78\u548c\u8650\u5f85\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u3002Fried\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u8ca2\u737b\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u66f4\u5927\u793e\u5340\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u6700\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u201c\u798f\u5229\u884c\u653f\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u4e4b\u9593\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u8a87\u5927\u5730\u6697\u793a Quebec \u5728\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216 Vermont\u5dde\u7684\u5c0f\u93ae\u5206\u5340\u504f\u597d\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5168\u9762\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u201c\u585e\u9032\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u7684\u5589\u56a8\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u53ea\u9700\u8abf\u7528\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Fried \u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u5f0f\u4f5c\u98a8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u9078\u64c7\u5176\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u9078\u64c7\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4fdd\u7559\u9003\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ee3\u91d1\u5238\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8a66\u5716\u7528\u91d1\u9322\u2014\u2014\u5373\u7a05\u6536\u548c\u88dc\u8cbc\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u904e\u7121\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u76e3\u7ba1\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u5728\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7be1\u596a\u5408\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u793e\u6703\u662f\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5354\u6703\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u6a5f\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\u4e26\u4fc3\u9032\u5171\u540c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u78ba\u4fdd\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u958b\u5c55\u696d\u52d9\u3002\u7576\u653f\u5e9c\u8d85\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u9650\u8077\u8cac\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u5c24\u5176\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u7576\u5b83\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58df\u65b7\u63a7\u5236\u53d6\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u7d50\u793e\u548c\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u5a01\u8105\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u884c\u4f7f\u5176\u76e3\u7ba1\u6216\u518d\u5206\u914d\u6b0a\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u524a\u5f31\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ee5\u9ad4\u9762\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u53d6\u4ee3\u540c\u610f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5225\u7121\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u670d\u5f9e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u4ed6\u65bd\u52a0\u6b66\u529b\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7576\u653f\u5e9c\u5fb5\u7a05\u548c\u5206\u914d\u4eba\u5011\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8b93\u9019\u200b\u200b\u4e9b\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u548c\u627f\u8afe\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u63a8\u9032\u9019\u4e9b\u201c\u793e\u6703\u201d\u95dc\u6ce8\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u8fc2\u8ff4\u7684\u8def\u7dda\uff0cFried \u56de\u5230\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u82f1\u96c4 Constant \u51fa\u8272\u634d\u885b\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u201c\u73fe\u4ee3\u201d\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u516c\u5e73\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8aaaFried\u6311\u6230\u4e26\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6700\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u52a0\u5f37\u570b\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 \u4ed6\u7d93\u5e38\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u6027\u548c\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u80fd\u5426\u8207\u4ed6\u5728\u88e1\u6839\u6642\u4ee3\u53cd\u5c0d Roe v. Wade\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u76f8\u5354\u8abf\uff1f\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8ff4\u907f\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u201c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u58ae\u80ce\u7684\u8a5e\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u89e3\u6c7a\u904e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1 Fried \u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u98fe\u5730\u64c1\u8b77\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u6703\u525d\u596a\u6c11\u4e3b\u6a5f\u69cb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u80ce\u5152\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9801\u9762\u4e2d\u7c21\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u61f2\u7f70\u6210\u5e74\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u201c\u660e\u986f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b98\u5fcd\u201d\u7684\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4e88\u4ee5\u6253\u64ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u201c\u5c0d\u5168\u9ad4\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u516c\u6c11\u795d\u798f\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u61c9\u8a72\u7531\u9078\u6c11\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u9662\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8abf\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u798f\u5229\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6e1b\u5c11\u548c\u5ee2\u9664\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u518d\u5206\u914d\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f86\u64f4\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6709\u529b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Fried \u548c\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u5617\u8a66\u505a\u7684\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u798f\u5229\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u63a5\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u6b64\u985e\u201c\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u652f\u4ed8\u90e8\u5206\u6536\u5165\u4f86\u8cc7\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u5011\u53e3\u888b\u88e1\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9650\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u8b8a\u5f97\u904e\u65bc\u5c08\u6a6b\u548c\u5c08\u6a6b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u798f\u5229\u570b\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6211\u5011\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u901a\u904e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u6027\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u55ce\uff1f Charles Fried \u8a8d\u70ba\u5e73\u7b49\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u898f\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5a01\u8105\u6211\u5011\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u7576\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u52d5\u5730\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 \u9019\u662fHayek\u7684\u201d The Road to Serfdom\u201d\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u5c07\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u7262\u7262\u5730\u62cb\u5728\u8eab\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u66f4\u4ec1\u6148\u3001\u66f4\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002 \u6709\u4e86Fried\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5c07\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u53d7\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u53f3\u6d3e\u9650\u5236\u4ed6\u5011\u4fc3\u9032\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u5049\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6709\u8457\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 &nbsp;Charles Fried \u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3001Reagan\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u524d\u7e3d\u6aa2\u5bdf\u9577\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u52aa\u529b\u8aaa\u670d\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63a8\u7ffbRoe v. Wade\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u81ea 1961 \u5e74\u8d77\u65b7\u65b7\u7e8c\u7e8c\u64d4\u4efb\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684Fried\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9b25\u58eb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u591a\u6578\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e2d\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u81ea\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728Reagan\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u8870\u843d\u7684\u6b98\u9918\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u535a\u5b78\u3001\u5c16\u523b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u8207\u5be9\u67e5\u54e1\u3001\u76e3\u7ba1\u8005\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\u7684\u9053\u8c8c\u5cb8\u7136\u7684\u611b\u7ba1\u9592\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\u4f5c\u9b25\u722d\u3002 Fried \u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8457\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u90e8\u95dc\u65bc\u5951\u7d04\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u3001\u4e00\u672cReagan\u9769\u547d\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u3001\u4e00\u672c\u61b2\u6cd5\u5165\u9580\u8b80\u7269\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u6216\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4fe1\u689d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u66f8\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002Fried\u6eff\u61f7\u5e0c\u671b\u5730\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 \u4ed6\u6e34\u671b\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u5beb\u4e00\u672c\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u8207\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u201d The Road to Serfdom\u201d\u4e00\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u66f8\u3002Fried\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u8271\u9245\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u4ed6\u5c07\u5617\u8a66\u78ba\u5b9a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u76ee\u6a19\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u7531( p 39 )\u3002Fried\u5ba3\u7a31\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u5c07\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u6280\u8853\u88dd\u5099\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6500\u767b\u9802\u5cf0\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201dModern Liberty and the Limits of Government\u201d \u6bd4\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u7279\u5225\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9806\u4fbf\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0cFried\u62ab\u4e0a\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u888d\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u9996\u8981\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u6642\u6703\u56e0\u5176\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u904e\u6fc0\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u65e2\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u8457\u81ea\u6211\u5be9\u8996\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u9650\u5236\u3002\u201dModern Liberty &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/11\/18\/modern-liberty-and-the-limits-of-government\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2dE","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8535,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8534\/revisions\/8535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}