{"id":8554,"date":"2022-12-03T11:44:08","date_gmt":"2022-12-03T11:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8554"},"modified":"2022-12-04T11:47:15","modified_gmt":"2022-12-04T11:47:15","slug":"seeing-as-practice-philosophical-investigations-into-the-relation-between-sight-and-insight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/12\/03\/seeing-as-practice-philosophical-investigations-into-the-relation-between-sight-and-insight\/","title":{"rendered":"Seeing as Practice : Philosophical Investigations into the Relation Between Sight and Insight"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aristotle\u8a8d\u70ba\u201c\u770b\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e3b\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u523b\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u770b\u6216\u770b\u898b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u5feb\u4e9b\u6216\u6162\u4e9b\uff0c\u7d93\u6b77\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u6216\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u7d42\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u770b\u201d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u5b98\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u5b83\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u601d\u8003\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 \u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u5f88\u96e3\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u8aaa\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u5b98\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u8b8a\u6210\u5224\u65b7\u6216\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \u770b\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u96d9\u9762\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c0d\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u662f\u958b\u653e\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u5c31\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u56f0\u96e3\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u5fc3\u9748\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u5fc3\u9748\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6d3b\u52d5\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u4e16\u754c\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u77e5\u89ba\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5c11\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u5167\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u5916\u90e8\u53c3\u7167\u4e16\u754c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f\u72f9\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89ba\u4e2d\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u5e7b\u60f3\u6216\u5224\u65b7\u529b\u3002 \u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u770b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u770b\u5230\u5ba2\u6236\u9ad8\u8208\u6216\u81ea\u5728\u5426\uff0c\u65b7\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u3002 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Heidegger\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u770b\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c07\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u77e5\u904e\u7a0b\u5206\u70ba\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6027\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u5143\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u96d9\u91cd\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u76f8\u4e92\u5bc6\u5c01\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u76f8\u4e92\u6ef2\u900f\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u722d\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u96e2\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u5229\u7528\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u3002 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u770b\u5230\u5ba2\u6236\u9ad8\u8208\u8207\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7a7f\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\u984f\u8272\u7684\u8863\u670d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u984f\u8272\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u6e2c\u91cf\u984f\u8272\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9ad8\u8208\u5f88\u96e3\u5f9e\u6280\u8853\u4e0a\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8932\u5b50\u7684\u984f\u8272\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u7121\u9700\u61f7\u7591\u9019\u7a2e\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u89e3\u91cb\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u89ba\u3002 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u5408\u5438\u7159\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u5254\u7259\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5947\u602a\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u89c0\u770b\u8207\u89c0\u770b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u5728\u770b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d85\u8d8a\u770b\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u53ef\u898b\u8207\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ac7\u8ad6\u201c\u975e\u5be6\u969b\u611f\u77e5nonactual perceptions\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u807d\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfP. F. Strawson\u5728\u201d Imagination and Perception\u201d \u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u53c3\u8207\u611f\u77e5\u6642\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002 \u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u50c5\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u611f\u77e5\u8207\u5df2\u7d93\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u5011\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u8a18\u4f4f\u7684\u3001\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6216\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002 \u5c31\u5176\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u806f\u7e6b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u4e0d\u50c5\u6307\u6642\u7a7a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6307\u611f\u5b98\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u77e5\u89ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5be6\u9a57\u5df2\u7d93\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5047\u8a2d\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u8207\u8996\u89ba\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u611f\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u51faKant\u5c07\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u8996\u70ba\u201c\u611f\u77e5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6210\u5206\u201d\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u6b63\u78ba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3001\u9810\u671f\u7684\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6216\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u6df7\u5165\u4e86\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e2d\u3002\u767c\u73fe\u770b\u5230\u767c\u751f\u5728\u611f\u5b98\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u5be6\u969b\u548c\u6f5b\u5728\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u770b\u5230\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u610f\u8b58\u58ef\u8209\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u671f\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e2d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u97f3\u6a02\u4e2d\u7684\u505c\u9813\u5177\u6709\u97f3\u8abf\u50f9\u503c\u4e26\u8207\u97f3\u7b26\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u6bd4\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u53ef\u611f\u77e5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e5f\u6df7\u5165\u4e86\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e2d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5c01\u901a\u904e\u907a\u6f0f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9019\u500b\u907a\u6f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u61f7\u5b55\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wittgenstein\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0fform of life\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u89c0worldview\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5730\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e26\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u6216\u4e0d\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u201d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u660e\u78ba\u78ba\u5b9a\u548c\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f71\u97ff\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f71\u97ff\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u8868\u5fb5\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6709\u6548\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u7fd2\u4fd7\u3001\u7fd2\u6163\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7e3d\u548c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9ad4\u7cfba system of what is believed\u201d\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u9650\u5236\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u3002\u5f88\u96e3\u89e3\u91cb\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8b8a\u5f97\u53ef\u898b\u548c\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7fd2\u6163\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u548c\u8d85\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u958b\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u898b\u8207\u53ef\u898b\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be9\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u53d7\u89e3\u91cb\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u88fd\u7d04\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8aaa\u8a71\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u80cc\u666f\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u540c\u6642\u662f\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u548c\u7522\u7269\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u793e\u5340\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u53d6\u5411\u4e2d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8655\u7406\u7684\u662f\u8a55\u50f9\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5047\u8a2d\u7d93\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5b83\u88ab\u5f15\u5c0e\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u524d\u9810\u6210\u578b\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5275\u9020\u6027\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e16\u754c\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Wittgenstein<\/em>\u8ad6\u770b\u7684\u9762\u5411<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u904e\u7d93\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5716\u5f62\uff0c\u5176\u8f2a\u5ed3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u66ff\u5730\u88ab\u8996\u70ba<a href=\"http:\/\/ist-socrates.berkeley.edu\/~kihlstrm\/JastrowDuck.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5154\u5b50\u6216\u9d28\u5b50<\/a>\uff0c<em>Wittgenstein<\/em>\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5074\u9762\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u201c\u4e00\u534a\u8996\u89ba\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u3002\u65b9\u9762\u770b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u770b\u4f5c\u70ba\uff1b\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u7269\u662f\u67d0\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u5716\u5f62\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u5154\u5b50\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u9d28\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u5c07\u5730\u5716\u8b80\u5165\u96f2\u4e2d\u90a3\u6a23\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u5c07\u5169\u7a2e\u542b\u7fa9\u8b80\u5165\u5716\u4e2d\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u770b\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u5716\u5f62\u8996\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u7121\u5b9a\u5f62\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u770b\u5716\u7247\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/ist-socrates.berkeley.edu\/~kihlstrm\/JastrowDuck.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u9d28\u5b50\u6216\u5154\u5b50<\/a>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5169\u68f2\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u64fa\u52d5\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5074\u9762\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u5177\u8c61\u8996\u89ba\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u986f\u8457\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u845b\u9e97\u6cf0\u00b7\u5609\u5bf6\u98fe\u6f14\u746a\u5854\u00b7\u54c8\u9e97\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u770b\u5230\u5c31\u8655\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5074\u9762\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u6211\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5370\u50cf\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u537b\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u62fc\u5716\u4e0d\u50c5\u5c0d\u77e5\u89ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u63ed\u793a\u770b\u8207\u89e3\u91cb\u3001\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u60f3\u50cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u6b63\u5982<em>Wittgenstein<\/em>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb\u6211\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1f\u6211\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8aaa\u524d\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u201d<em> Wittgenstein<\/em>\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8aaa\u4ed6\u771f\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u770b\u5230\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\u8207\u610f\u7fa9\u4ea4\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u3002\u8996\u89ba\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6b78\u56e0\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5c07\u96e2\u6563\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u72c0\u614b\u8207\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5074\u9762\u89c0\u5bdf\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u611f\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u8f2a\u5ed3\u662f\u9d28\u5b50\u9084\u662f\u5154\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8996\u89ba\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u61c9\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5177\u8c61\u8996\u89ba\u3002\u6211\u5011\u201c\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u6642\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u201d\u3002 &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9d28\u5b50\u5154\u5b50\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u770b\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5176\u4ed6\u5154\u5b50\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u9019\u5f35\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f88\u96e3\u770b\u5230\u9d28\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u671f\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5154\u5b50\u5728 \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u6240\u898b\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u660e\u986f\u5730\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u770b\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5373\u5f9e\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf x \u800c\u4e0d\u662f y \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5728\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u770b\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\u3002 \u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u548c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5fc5\u7136\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u5728\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc5\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6b3a\u9a19\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u900f\u8996\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u672c\u8eab\u5408\u7406\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\uff0c\u800c\u7e3d\u662f\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u672c\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8207\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u7a2e\u89c0\u770b\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9d28\u5b50\u548c\u5154\u5b50\u540c\u6a23\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89c0\u770b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5154\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5634\u90e8\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u8f2a\u5ed3\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8207\u9d28\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u7121\u95dc\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u5728\u9d28\u5b50\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u5154\u5b50\u3002 \u9019\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u559a\u8d77\u7684\u7279\u6709\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u6027\u901a\u904e\u559a\u8d77\u4f86\u8abf\u7bc0\u5176\u611f\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u904e\u5c0b\u627e\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u5be6\u969b\u770b\u5230\u201d\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u7dad\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6975\u9650\uff1a\u201c&#8217;\u4f46\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u770b\uff01&#8217; \u2013 &#8216;\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u5728\u770b\uff01&#8217; \u2013 \u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u8a55\u8ad6\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u500b \u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002 [&#8230;\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5b83\u5728\u770b\uff1f \u56f0\u96e3\u5728\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u770b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89ba\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5074\u9762\u89c0\u770b\u7684\u8981\u9ede\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u97ff\u61c9\u6027\u78ba\u8a8d\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u5f97\u51fa\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u6558\u8ff0\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\u884c\u70ba\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002 \u4f46\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u611f\u5b98\u6750\u6599\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u611f\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u770b\u5230\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u672c\u69cb\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8ca0\u8f09\u3002 \u610f\u601d\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u8005\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6839\u64da\u7406\u8ad6\u898b\u89e3\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002Wittgenstein\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u8853\u8a9e\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u98a8\u683cthought-style\u201d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f9e\u89c0\u5bdf\u65b9\u5f0f\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u548c\u8ad6\u8b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 Thomas Kuhn\u5c07\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u7a81\u7136\u767c\u751f\u7684\u7bc4\u5f0f\u8b8a\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u8996\u5982\u201d(seeing-as)\u3002 \u79d1\u5b78\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u201c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u9769\u547d\u524d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u7684\u9d28\u5b50\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5154\u5b50\u3002\u201d \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u5f85\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u770b\u5f85\u5b83\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Heidegger<\/em>\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Heidegger<\/em>\u628a\u770b\u548c\u601d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u5b83\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5f9e\u672a\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u77e5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u7269\u4f5c\u70ba\u67d0\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u7d14\u7cb9\u5728\u5834\u7684\u6771\u897f\u624b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u5b83\u7576\u4f5c\u9580\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u623f\u5b50\uff1f\u9019\u5c07\u662f\u5c0d\u89e3\u91cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u62ab\u9732\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002(\u201c<em>Being and Time\u201d<\/em> \u00a7 32)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u50c5\u50c5\u770b\u5230mere seeing\u201d\u5df2\u7d93\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u201d\u3002\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u5730\u201c\u76ef\u8457\u201d\u3002\u628a\u63e1\u201c\u64fa\u812b\u2018\u5982\u2019 free of the \u2018as\u2019\u201d\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u201c\u770b\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u70ba\u884d\u751f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u525d\u596a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u53e3\u8b6f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u672c\u8eab\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e8b\u5f8c\u8ce6\u4e88\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u4e16\u754c\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5e36\u6709\u5faa\u74b0\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a\u5c07\u67d0\u7269\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u67d0\u7269\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5c0d\u67d0\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9810\u671f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7e3d\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u6700\u7d42\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6216\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u89e3\u91cb\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u5448\u73fe\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7121\u9810\u8a2d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u201d \u201c\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u50be\u5411\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u63f4\u5f15\u67d0\u4e9b\u201c\u5448\u73fe\u201d\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u723e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u9032\u884c\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u660e\u986f\u672a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u201d (\u201c<em>Being and Time\u201d<\/em> p 150)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8207Wittgenstein\u53d7\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u5236\u7d04\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ef\u898b\u4e8b\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002 \u53ef\u898b\u7269\u7e3d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u524d\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u201d\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u3002 as-structure \u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5c07\u67d0\u7269\u611f\u77e5\u70ba\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u53ef\u898b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u986f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u67d0\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4e26\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u56e0\u7d20\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684 \u7531\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u69cb\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u80fd\u6709\u54ea\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u524d\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u95dc\u5fc3\u6216\u4e8b\u5f8c\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u7684\u8b39\u614e\uff0c\u9060\u975e\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u770b\u5f85\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u3002 Heidegger\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u89c0\u770b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be9\u7f8e\u4e16\u754c\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u57f7\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6771\u897f\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u5230\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u4e2d\uff1b 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73feHeidegger\u548cWittgenstein\u540c\u610f\u601d\u8003\u548c\u89c0\u770b\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5c0d\u5728\u5834\u548c\u4e0d\u5728\u5834\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u200b\u200b\u53c3\u7167\uff09\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u8fd1\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5c0dWittgenstein\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u9810\u793a\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u548c\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u723e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6574\u9ad4\u5728\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u8ce6\u4e88\u77e5\u89ba\u5177\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6846\u67b6\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6279\u8a55\u8868\u5fb5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 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view\u201d\u7b49\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u986f\u8457\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8868\u9054\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u66f4\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u66f4\u76f4\u767d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Seeing-Practice-Philosophical-Investigations-Performance\/dp\/3030145069\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=34IVGZN6BMQAT&amp;keywords=Seeing+as+Practice+%3A+Philosophical+Investigations+into+the+Relation+Between+Sight+and+Insight&amp;qid=1670154279&amp;sprefix=seeing+as+practice+philosophical+investigations+into+the+relation+between+sight+and+insight%2Caps%2C505&amp;sr=8-1&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc\">\u201cSeeing as Practice : Philosophical Investigations into the Relation Between Sight and 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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u5408\u5438\u7159\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u5254\u7259\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5947\u602a\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u89c0\u770b\u8207\u89c0\u770b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u5728\u770b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d85\u8d8a\u770b\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u53ef\u898b\u8207\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ac7\u8ad6\u201c\u975e\u5be6\u969b\u611f\u77e5nonactual perceptions\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u807d\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfP. F. Strawson\u5728\u201d Imagination and &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/12\/03\/seeing-as-practice-philosophical-investigations-into-the-relation-between-sight-and-insight\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2dY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8554"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8555,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554\/revisions\/8555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}