{"id":8580,"date":"2022-12-19T02:24:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T02:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8580"},"modified":"2022-12-19T02:24:04","modified_gmt":"2022-12-19T02:24:04","slug":"the-delusions-of-crowds-why-people-go-mad-in-groups-superstition-as-ideology-in-iranian-politics-from-majlesi-to-ahmadinejad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/12\/19\/the-delusions-of-crowds-why-people-go-mad-in-groups-superstition-as-ideology-in-iranian-politics-from-majlesi-to-ahmadinejad\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;The Delusions Of Crowds: Why People Go Mad in Groups&#8221; &#038;  &#8220;Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">23 \u6b72\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u6297\u8b70\u8005\u62c9\u7d0d\u74e6\u5fb7\uff0c\u88ab\u6975\u53f3\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u795e\u6b0a\u653f\u5e9c\u5224\u8655\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u88ab\u516c\u958b\u7d5e\u6b7b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u81e8\u7d42\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u773e\u591a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u795e\u6b0a\u66b4\u653f\u4e0b\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u7684\u9858\u671b\u3002 \u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u54ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8b80\u53e4\u862d\u7d93\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7948\u79b1\u201d \u201c\u8981\u5feb\u6a02\u3002\u64ad\u653e\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u8a18\u8005William Bernstein\u5beb\u9053: \u201c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u8b1b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u733f\u7334\uff0c\u201d \u201c\u7121\u8ad6\u6558\u8ff0\u591a\u9ebc\u5177\u6709\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u8db3\u5920\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u6703\u58d3\u5012\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u201d \u6b63\u5982Bernstein\u5728\u4ed6\u96c4\u8faf\u800c\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1 \u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Delusions-Crowds-Why-People-Groups\/dp\/0802157092\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=30XXNTRHCXOJ5&amp;keywords=The+Delusions+of+Crowds%3A+Why+People+Go+Mad+in+Groups&amp;qid=1671415979&amp;sprefix=the+delusions+of+crowds+why+people+go+mad+in+groups%2Caps%2C443&amp;sr=8-1\">The Delusions of Crowds: Why People Go Mad in Groups<\/a>\u201d \u4e2d\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u50b3\u67d3\u6027\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5728\u6613\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u50b3\u64ad\u2014\u2014\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d7Charles Mackay1841\u5e74\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7570\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u5e7b\u8c61\u8207\u7fa4\u773e\u760b\u72c2(Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds)\u300b( <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/2462\">https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/2462<\/a> ) \u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0cBernstein\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u548c\u71b1\u60c5\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u5927\u773e\u932f\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u914d\u5099\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u9032\u5316\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u6703\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u975e\u7406\u6027\u3002 Bernstein\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u904e\u53bb 500 \u5e74\u4f86\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u72c2\u71b1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u5f9e 1530 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6298\u78e8\u4f4e\u5730\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u518d\u6d17\u79ae\u6d3e\u760b\u72c2\u5230\u6fc0\u767c ISIS \u4e26\u904d\u53ca\u7576\u4eca\u5169\u6975\u5206\u5316\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u672b\u4e16\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1b \u5f9e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/zhongwen\/simp\/world-54563332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5357\u6d77\u6ce1\u6cab<\/a>\u5230\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-hk\/%E5%AE%89%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%91%E9%97%BB%E6%A1%88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b89\u7136\u919c\u805e<\/a>\u548c\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u6ce1\u6cab\u3002 \u901a\u904e Bernstein \u6d41\u66a2\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e00\u6a23\u8c50\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u201c\u6e34\u671b\u6539\u5584\u4eca\u751f\u6216\u4f86\u4e16\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bernstein\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u9032\u5316\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u201c\u7576\u51fa\u73fe\u8207\u6211\u5011\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u6578\u64da\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u548c\u9069\u7576\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u201d\u201c\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8ff4\u907f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8a55\u4f30\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u786c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u201d \u5728\u88ab\u554f\u53ca 2016 \u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u671f\u9593<a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/3693577\/ben-carson-vaccine-rand-paul\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/a>\u6642\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2015\/09\/ben-carson-donald-trump-republican-presidential-debate-vaccine-autism-science-government\/405901\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ben Carson<\/a>\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u58d3\u5012\u6027\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002 Donald Trump\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u63a5\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u5f8c\u8b8a\u5f97\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7684\u201c\u6f02\u4eae\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u3002 \u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u89c0\u5bdf\u5bb6\u5c0dTrump\u7684\u652f\u6301\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u201d \u8b80\u8005\u6703\u5c0d\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8840\u8165\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u611f\u5230\u754f\u7e2e\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u6297\u62d2\u5feb\u901f\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u7ffb\u767d\u773c\uff0c\u5c0d\u7b49\u5f85 <a href=\"http:\/\/library.uvm.edu\/vtnp\/?p=2765\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1843 \u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5<\/a>\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7f8e\u570b\u904b\u52d5\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89 \u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u3002 \u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9a5a\u8a1d\u65bc 35% \u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u201c\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u91cd\u8fd4\u4eba\u9593\u201d\u3002 Bernstein\u5f15\u7528\u5b97\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6Robert Wright \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u555f\u793a\u9304\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u53ea\u6703\u64f4\u5927\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u70ba\u95dc\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4f55\u6642\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5bd3\u8a00\u89e3\u91cb\u958b\u95e2\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002\u201d \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u201c\u6df1\u6df1\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71Ronald\nReagan\u548c\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5ba2\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5b83\uff0c\u201d\u5305\u62ecMike Pence\u3002 \u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u95dc\u65bc\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u6578\u5b57\u6642\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8ca9\u7684\u5805\u5be6\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u3002 Bernstein\u5c0d\u91d1\u878d\u60e1\u4f5c\u5287\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6975\u7aef\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5e7d\u9ed8\u611f\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u50cf\u4ed6\u4e00\u6a23\u5c0d\u4e86\u89e3\u770b\u4f3c\u53d7\u904e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u611f\u5230\u7d55\u671b\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bernstein\u901a\u904e\u7de8\u5e74\u53f2\u5f0f\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u72c2\u71b1\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u50f9\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0d\u6642\u4ee3\u8ad6\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e2d\u6771\u653f\u7b56\u3002 \u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u4e86\u89e3\u96c6\u9ad4\u932f\u89ba\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u5b83\uff0c\u4e26\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u7d93\u5e38\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u7fa3\u9ad4\u6c7a\u7b56\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5931\u6557\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u7fa3\u9ad4\u6c7a\u7b56\u5931\u6557\u6642\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u5728\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6703\u760b\u72c2\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u6703\u760b\u72c2\u3002\u201d The Delusions of Crowds\u201d\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u63a2\u7a76\u72c2\u71b1\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u00b7\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u570b\u70ba\u4f55\u5d1b\u8d77\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e2d\u6771\u653f\u7b56\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7\u672b\u65e5\u8ad6\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6975\u5316\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7\u70ba\u4f55\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u6703\u6642\u4e0d\u6642\u8ffd\u9010\u67d0\u7a2e\u50f9\u683c\u9ad8\u5f97\u96e2\u8b5c\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7\u6bd4\u8d77\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u4eba\u5011\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u6545\u4e8b\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7\u6bd4\u7279\u5e63\u3001\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u7b49\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u70ba\u4f55\u518d\u6b21\u4ee4\u4eba\u5011\u760b\u72c2\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8207\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bernstein \u5c07\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6280\u8853\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u9032\u6b65\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0d\u5927\u773e\u5e7b\u89ba\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\u3002\u5f9e\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u4e2d\u6771\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u570b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8a73\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f23000\u5e74\u4e2d\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u71b1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002Bernstein\n\u5c0d\u7fa4\u9ad4\u760b\u72c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7de8\u5e74\u53f2\uff0c\u65e2\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\uff1a \u68b3\u7406\u91d1\u878d\u72c2\u71b1\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9031\u671f\u8207\u898f\u5f8b\uff1b \u89e3\u8b80\u672b\u65e5\u6558\u4e8b\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53ca\u6df1\u523b\u542b\u7fa9\uff1b \u5728\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7528\u7406\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\u53bb\u5c0d\u6297\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u760b\u72c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u5916\u57fa\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\u89e3\u8b80\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u66f4\u96aa\u60e1\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50Ali Rahnema\u6240\u8457\u7684\u9019\u672c\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u66f8&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Superstition-Ideology-Iranian-Politics-Ahmadinejad\/dp\/1107005183\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=321PW9M9EOIIH&amp;keywords=Superstition+as+Ideology+in+Iranian+Politics%3A+From+Majlesi+to+Ahmadinejad&amp;qid=1671416548&amp;sprefix=superstition+as+ideology+in+iranian+politics+from+majlesi+to+ahmadinejad%2Caps%2C574&amp;sr=8-1&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc\">Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad<\/a>&#8220;\u6240\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6a23 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e 16 \u4e16\u7d00Safavid\u738b\u671d\u5efa\u7acb\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8ff7\u4fe1\u548c\u795e\u79d8\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6230\u7565\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u6e90\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u4ec0\u8449\u6d3e\uff0c\u5b83\u7531 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7267\u5e2bMohammad Baqer Majlesi \u6574\u7406\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u3002 Majlesi \u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4f0a\u6717\u4ec0\u8449\u6d3e\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u4ed6\u9f13\u52f5\u4fe1\u5f92\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u8896\u5c0a\u70ba\u8d85\u4eba\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Rahnema \u901a\u904e\u4ed4\u7d30\u95b1\u8b80\u6ce2\u65af\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u4f0a\u6717\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6240\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u8207\u96b1\u79d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u806f\u7e6b\u4f7f\u5f97Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi\u548cMahmud Ahmadinejad\u7b49\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u96a8\u884c\u4eba\u54e1\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u73fe \u795e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>23 \u6b72\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u6297\u8b70\u8005\u62c9\u7d0d\u74e6\u5fb7\uff0c\u88ab\u6975\u53f3\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u795e\u6b0a\u653f\u5e9c\u5224\u8655\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u88ab\u516c\u958b\u7d5e\u6b7b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u81e8\u7d42\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u773e\u591a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u795e\u6b0a\u66b4\u653f\u4e0b\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u7684\u9858\u671b\u3002 \u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u54ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8b80\u53e4\u862d\u7d93\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7948\u79b1\u201d \u201c\u8981\u5feb\u6a02\u3002\u64ad\u653e\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u201d \u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u8a18\u8005William Bernstein\u5beb\u9053: \u201c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u8b1b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u733f\u7334\uff0c\u201d \u201c\u7121\u8ad6\u6558\u8ff0\u591a\u9ebc\u5177\u6709\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u8db3\u5920\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u6703\u58d3\u5012\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u201d \u6b63\u5982Bernstein\u5728\u4ed6\u96c4\u8faf\u800c\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1 \u201d The Delusions of Crowds: Why People Go Mad in Groups\u201d \u4e2d\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u50b3\u67d3\u6027\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5728\u6613\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u50b3\u64ad\u2014\u2014\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u53d7Charles Mackay1841\u5e74\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7570\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u5e7b\u8c61\u8207\u7fa4\u773e\u760b\u72c2(Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds)\u300b( https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/2462 ) \u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0cBernstein\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u548c\u71b1\u60c5\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u5927\u773e\u932f\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u914d\u5099\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u9032\u5316\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u6703\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u975e\u7406\u6027\u3002 Bernstein\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u904e\u53bb 500 \u5e74\u4f86\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u72c2\u71b1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u5f9e 1530 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6298\u78e8\u4f4e\u5730\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u518d\u6d17\u79ae\u6d3e\u760b\u72c2\u5230\u6fc0\u767c ISIS &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/12\/19\/the-delusions-of-crowds-why-people-go-mad-in-groups-superstition-as-ideology-in-iranian-politics-from-majlesi-to-ahmadinejad\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2eo","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8581,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8580\/revisions\/8581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}