{"id":8584,"date":"2022-12-20T00:53:02","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T00:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8584"},"modified":"2022-12-20T00:53:06","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T00:53:06","slug":"evolution-religion-and-cognitive-science-critical-and-constructive-essays","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/12\/20\/evolution-religion-and-cognitive-science-critical-and-constructive-essays\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolution, Religion, and Cognitive Science: Critical and Constructive Essays"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u592e\u8996\u6559\u5927\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u9452\u5225”\u90aa\u6559” \u4f46\u7db2\u4e0a\u6709\u4eba\u56de\u9053\uff1a\u6050\u6015\u5831\u8b66\u7684\u4eba \u81ea\u5df1\u906d\u6b83 \u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u4e86\u4e5f\u6703\u5fc3\u5fae\u7b11\u89ba\u5f97\u9ee8\u570b\u4e0d\u6b63\u5408\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u53ef\u5b97\u6559\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u4f86\u5340\u5206\uff1f\u672c\u983b\u9053\u5f9e\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u800c\u81f3\u54f2\u5b78\u7b49\u8ac7\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u4e09\u56db\u5341\u8655\u5462\u3002\u3002\u3002 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5b97\u6559\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78The cognitive science of religion\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u5b83\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u9032\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u7b49\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6578\u64da\u3002 \u8a72\u9818\u57df\u4e00\u500b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9032\u5316\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u9818\u57df\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78evolutionary cognitive science of religion\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b58\u5728\u56b4\u91cd\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1909 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9054\u723e\u6587\u8a95\u8fb0\u4e00\u767e\u9031\u5e74\uff081809 \u5e74\uff09\u6642\uff0cJane Harrison \u8faf\u7a31\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff082009 \u5e74\uff09\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u8209\u884c\u4e86\u5169\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u6176\u795d\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8a3c\u660e\u4e86\u9054\u723e\u6587\u907a\u7522\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u5553\u767c\uff0c\u4e26\u95dc\u6ce8\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u7576\u524d\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u9078\u96c6\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u8a72\u9078\u96c6\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78 ( Cognitive Science of Religion = CSR) \u4e2d\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff1a\u9032\u5316\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u65bc 2014 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\uff082014 \u5e74\uff09\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u53c8\u4e00\u500b\u9031\u5e74\u7d00\u5ff5\u65e5 \u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u2014\u2014IACSR \u6703\u8b70\uff1a “Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after Twenty-five Years<\/a>“\u3002 \u9019\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u548c\u8a72\u66f8\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f37\u8abf\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u4e2d\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u5408\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richard Sosis \u5728\u6703\u8b70\u9589\u5e55\u8a5e\u4e2d\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u554f\u984c\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\u8868\u660e\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u6982\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u6311\u6230\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u5c0d\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u201c\u652f\u67f1\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u540d\u7a31\u6240\u793a\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u2018\u2019Evolution, Religion, and Cognitive Science: Critical and Constructive Essays<\/a>\u2018\u2019\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f9e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u5730\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u4e00\u8907\u96dc\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002 \u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u7a2e\u76f8\u95dc\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u9375\u722d\u8ad6\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\uff1f \u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u76f8\u5bb9\u55ce\uff1f \u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u517c\u5bb9\uff1f \u6587\u5316\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\uff1f \u652f\u6301\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u9032\u5316\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9084\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1f \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u7de8\u5beb\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u6027\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7531\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9818\u5148\u5b78\u8005 Ilkka Pyssi\u00e4inen \u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u662f\u5c08\u5bb6\u3001\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u65b0\u624b\u7684\u5bf6\u8cb4\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e0a\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u898b\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u8a8d\u77e5cognitive \uff0c\u79d1\u5b78science\uff0c\u548c\u5b97\u6559religion \u4e09\u500b\u7bc4\u7587\u4f86\u770b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N Chomsky \uff0c \u201cA Review of B.F. Skinner\u2019s Verbal Behaviour.\u201d Language 35: 26\u2013 58. 1959. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2307\/411334  )\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J.A. Fodor \uff0cThe Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology<\/a>. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 1983)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tooby, J. and L. Cosmides\uff0c\u201cThe psychological foundations of culture.\u201d In The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture<\/a>, edited by J. Barkow, L. 1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u6a21\u584a\u5316\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u201c\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u8b49\u660e\u3002 \u5b83\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u514b\u670d\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u6558\u8ff0\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u7814\u7a76\u8f49\u5411\u65b0\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u201d\uff1f \u70ba\u4e86\u8aaa\u660e\u7576\u524d\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230 IACSR \u6703\u8b70\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\uff0cSosis \u654f\u92b3\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 CSR \u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u6ce8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u201d\u6a5f\u5236\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u95dc\u6ce8\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u65bc CSR \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u9032\u5316\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u51fa\u73fe\u5f8c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u624d\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86 CSR \u7684\u7126\u9ede\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5230\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u4f4d\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u9032\u5316\u9ede\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u73fe\u72c0\uff1b \u4e0d\u50c5\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9032\u5316\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u652f\u6301\u9069\u61c9\u8ad6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Wilson\u3001Sosis\u3001Bulbulia\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u548c\u95dc\u6ce8\u9ede\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8207\u6a19\u6e96 CSR \u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Benjamin Purzycki \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u540d\u7a31\uff08\u201c\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\uff09\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9032\u5316\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u5728\u65bc\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u3002 \u6d89\u53ca\u9032\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u662f\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u50c5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u52d5\u614b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e00\u6a23\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08P 85 ). \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u8a8d\u77e5\u5728\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u8a8d\u77e5\u70ba\u7a81\u51fa\u8a71\u984c\u7684\u8ad6\u6230\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u4e2d\u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u201d\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u8655\u65bc\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u9078\u96c6\u7de8\u8f2f L\u00e9on Turner\uff08\u201cIntroduction: Pluralism and Complexity in the Evolutionary Cognitive Science of Religion\u201d\uff09\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff08P 9 \uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\uff1a\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u61c9\u8a72\u63d0\u5021\u54ea\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f Fraser Watts \u8072\u7a31\u201c\u2026\u2026\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba [\u2026\u2026] (CSR) \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b97\u6559\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7684\u66f4\u7a84\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u616e\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u9032\u5316 \u5b97\u6559\u3002\u201d \uff08P 109 \uff09\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8b70\u7528\u4e2d\u592e\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u584a\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08P 128 \uff09\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0cLesley Newson \u548c Peter Richerson\uff08\u201c\u201cReligion: the Dynamics of Cultural Adaptations\u201d\uff09\u5ba3\u50b3\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u3001\u6587\u5316\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u201c\u8f15\u8a8d\u77e5\u201d\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u91cd\u8a8d\u77e5\u201d\u7acb\u5834 Pascal Boyer\uff08P 196 \uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9032\u5316\u8f49\u8b8a\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u908a\u754c\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 \u6839\u64da Slingerland \u548c Bulbulia (2011) \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7de8\u8f2f\u5011\u5efa\u8b70\u5c07\u9032\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684 CSR \u7c21\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u201d(\u201cevolutionary cognitive science of religion = ECSR)\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0cCSR \u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6bd4\u4f8b\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u9019\u500b\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7e2e\u5beb\u8a5e\u4f86\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6574\u500b CSR \u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u6a19\u7c64\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u6620 CSR \u4e2d\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff1b \u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u9032\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u7279\u5fb5\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u96a8\u4fbf\u7c98\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b78 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

CSR \u4e00\u76f4\u95e1\u660e\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u79d1\u5b78\u539f\u5247\u662f\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u5b78\u6216\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u5b83\u9084\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u548c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u516c\u958b\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9078\u96c6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u548c Sosis \u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u542b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u908a\u754c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5c0d\u8a71\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aku Visala \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff08\u201cThe Evolution of Divine and Human Minds: Evolutionary Psychology, the Cognitive Study of Religion and Theism\u201d\uff09\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8a55\u4f30 (E)CSR \u7684\u5b97\u6559\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0cCSR \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u76f8\u7576\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u201c\u5f88\u5c11 \u6709\u7406\u7531\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u3002\u201d \u7136\u800c\uff0cWentzel van Huysteen\uff08\u201cFrom Empathy to Embodied Faith? Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Evolution of Religion\u201d\uff09\u8ac7\u5230\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u201d\uff08P 146 \uff09\u548c\u201c\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8faf\u8b77\u201d\uff08 P 149 \uff09 \uff0c\u800c Watts\uff08\u201cReligion and the Emergence of Differentiated Cognition\u201d\uff09\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u795e\u5b78\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b97\u6559\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u9593\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08P 110 \uff09\u3002 \u518d\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9663\u71df\u4e5f\u6703\u64fe\u4e82\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 \u5728\u5217\u8209\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6539\u9032\u6642\uff0cSosis\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u5efa\u8b70 CSR \u61c9\u8a72\u201c\u64c1\u62b1\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5de8\u661f\u201d\uff0c\u5373Dawkins\u548cDennett\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u63d0\u9ad8 CSR \u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5c0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9677\u9631\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0cArmin Geertz \u5728\u4ed6 2008 \u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8b66\u544a\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u96c6\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c0d\u7d14\u7cb9 ECSR \u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u7a2e\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u7ae0\u7bc0\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u5c0d ECSR \u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5728\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u4ee5\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9078\u96c6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8868\u660e\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u660e\u78ba\u754c\u5b9a\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u79d1\u5b78\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5141\u8a31\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u6216\u795e\u5b78\u8b70\u7a0b\u767c\u63ee CSR \u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u5011\u53c3\u8207\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e00\u6a23\uff1f \u5b97\u6559\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u771f\u7406\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u6210\u70ba\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1f \u6216\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc4\u5f0f\u5c0d\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff1f \u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u66f4\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u50f9\u503c\u98fd\u548c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u3002 \u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u53cd\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u932f\u8aa4\u201ccognitive mistake\u201d\uff08Watts\uff0c\u201cReligion and the Emergence of Differentiated Cognition,\u201d\uff0cP 127 \uff09\u6216\u201c\u610f\u5916\u201caccident\u201d\uff08Huysteen\uff0c\u201cFrom Empathy to Embodied Faith? Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Evolution of Religion\u201d\uff0cP 147 \uff09\uff0c\u800c Visala \u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u201cThe Evolution of Divine and Human Minds: Evolutionary Psychology, the Cognitive Study of Religion and Theism\u201d\uff09\uff0c \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u80af\u5b9a\uff08P 69 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b97\u6559 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5b97\u6559\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78The cognitive science of religion\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u5b83\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u9032\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u7b49\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6578\u64da\u3002 \u8a72\u9818\u57df\u4e00\u500b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9032\u5316\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u9818\u57df\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78evolutionary cognitive science of religion\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b58\u5728\u56b4\u91cd\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e8b\u3002 1909 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9054\u723e\u6587\u8a95\u8fb0\u4e00\u767e\u9031\u5e74\uff081809 \u5e74\uff09\u6642\uff0cJane Harrison \u8faf\u7a31\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff082009 \u5e74\uff09\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u8209\u884c\u4e86\u5169\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u6176\u795d\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8a3c\u660e\u4e86\u9054\u723e\u6587\u907a\u7522\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u5553\u767c\uff0c\u4e26\u95dc\u6ce8\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u7576\u524d\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u9078\u96c6\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u8a72\u9078\u96c6\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78 ( Cognitive Science of Religion = CSR) \u4e2d\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff1a\u9032\u5316\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u65bc 2014 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\uff082014 \u5e74\uff09\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u53c8\u4e00\u500b\u9031\u5e74\u7d00\u5ff5\u65e5 \u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u2014\u2014IACSR \u6703\u8b70\uff1a “Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2es","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8584"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8586,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8584\/revisions\/8586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}