{"id":8590,"date":"2022-12-21T23:21:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T23:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8590"},"modified":"2022-12-22T04:03:55","modified_gmt":"2022-12-22T04:03:55","slug":"religion-in-human-evolution-from-the-paleolithic-to-the-axial-age-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/12\/21\/religion-in-human-evolution-from-the-paleolithic-to-the-axial-age-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Religion in human evolution: from the Paleolithic to the Axial Age"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert Bellah \u7684\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Religion-Human-Evolution-Robert-Bellah-ebook\/dp\/B006JX4TTU\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=IXAI34U0X8L8&amp;keywords=Religion+in+human+evolution%3A+from+the+Paleolithic+to+the+Axial+Age&amp;qid=1671681769&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=religion+in+human+evolution+from+the+paleolithic+to+the+axial+age%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C591&amp;sr=1-1\">Religion in human evolution: from the Paleolithic to the Axial Age<\/a>\u201d\u582a\u7a31\u4e00\u90e8\u898f\u6a21\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u3002 Bellah\u5f9eMerlin Donald\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3001Karl Jasper\u5c0d\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u9451\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5f9e\u539f\u59cb\u904a\u6232\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5230\u7406\u8ad6 \u8ef8\u5fc3\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8f49\u6298\u9ede\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u904e\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u5f9e\u60c5\u666f\u6587\u5316\u5230\u7406\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u907a\u6f0f\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0cBellah\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u9054\u5230\u9802\u5cf0\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002 Bellah \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5c08\u8457\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5fc5\u8b80\u7684\u66f8\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bellah \u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6b77\u53f2history of histories\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53ca\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u8a2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7bc7\u5e45\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u80fd\u529b\u5982\u4f55\u4ee3\u8868\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\uff08\u60c5\u7bc0episodic\uff09\u3001\u751f\u6210\uff08\u6a21\u4effmimetic\uff09\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\uff08\u795e\u8a71mythic\uff09\u548c\u518d\u73fe\uff08\u7406\u8ad6theoretic\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff0cBellah\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u5b78\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u5b97\u6559\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u6558\u4e8b\u5c07\u8a69\u610f\u7684\u5167\u5728\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86 \u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f71\u97ff\u793e\u6703\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f71\u97ff\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8f49\u5411\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6df1\u539a\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8003\u616e\uff0cBellah \u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7e3d\u9ad4\u79d1\u5b78\u6642\u9593\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u985e\u904e\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u904a\u6232\u5728\u5167\u7684\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u6b77\u53f2 \u6211\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bellah\u5c0d\u5df4\u897f<a href=\"https:\/\/pib.socioambiental.org\/en\/Povo:Kalapalo\">Kalapalo<\/a>\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warlpiri_people\">Walbiri<\/a>\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u897f\u5357\u90e8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Navajo-people\">Navajo<\/a>\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u6587\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u90e8\u843d\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8868\u660e\u6a21\u4eff\u6587\u5316\u662f\u201c\u95dc\u65bc \u4e8b\u4ef6an event about an event\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u5275\u5efa\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u7b26\u865f\u8868\u5fb5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 Bellah \u5728Polynesia\u548cHawai\u7b49\u5730\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5f9e\u90e8\u843d\u5b97\u6559\u5411\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u796d\u53f8-\u570b\u738b\u3001\u795e\u8056\u8207\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\u4f86\u50b3\u9054\u5f9e\u90e8\u843d\u5b97\u6559\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002 \u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8f49\u5411\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u738b\u6b0a\u548c\u795e\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0cBellah\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5546\u5468\u4e2d\u570b\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u51fa\u73fe\u5f8c\u7d93\u6b77\u6587\u5b78\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u570b\u738b\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u795e\u8056\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7dca\u6e4a\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ed6\u652f\u914d\u8457\u5b97\u6559\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u795e\u8056\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u79e9\u5e8f \u201c\u5b97\u6559\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u793e\u6703\u6574\u5408\u201d\u4e4b\u9593\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08p 263\uff09\u3002&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Religion in Human Evolution\u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8ef8\u5411\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u201c\u6642\u523bmoments\u201d\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660eBellah\u5c07\u8ef8\u5411\u6642\u4ee3\u8996\u70ba\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u5011\u7576\u524d\u5b97\u6559\u9032\u5316\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002 \u5c0dBellah\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7a81\u7834\u6d89\u53ca\u5716\u5f62\u767c\u660e\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u8a18\u61b6\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u7591\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u8207\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5275\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u662f\u5c07\u5206\u6790\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6558\u4e8b\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u660e\u7406\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u7d44\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u5011\u3002 \u8ddf\u96a8 <a href=\"https:\/\/news.uchicago.edu\/story\/jonathan-z-smith-celebrated-historian-religion-1938-2017\">J.Z. Smith<\/a>, Bellah \u4f7f\u7528\u8ef8\u5fc3\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u6e2c\u8a66\u6848\u4f8b\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u67d0\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u975e\u66f8\u9762\u5148\u77e5\u6697\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5c0d\u8036\u548c\u83ef\u7684\u72c2\u71b1\u5949\u737b\uff0c\u4f46Bellah\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u7533\u547d\u8a18\u9769\u547dDeuteronomistic Revolution\u7684\u76df\u7d04\u6982\u5ff5\u4f7f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u8ef8\u5411\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5236\u5ea6\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u57fa\u790e\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u796d\u53f8\u570b\u738b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8207\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76df\u7d04\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u904e\u6e21\u5230\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08\u5141\u8a31\u795e\u5b78\u53cd\u601d\u767c\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u8f49\u8b8a\uff09\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u660e\u7406\u89e3\u8ef8\u5411\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9805\u76ee\u3002 \u4f7f\u8ef8\u5411\u5e74\u9f61\u8ef8\u5411\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6bd4\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u8981\u6d41\u66a2\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u5316\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5f9e\u796d\u53f8-\u570b\u738b\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u6587\u5316\u904e\u6e21\u5230\u8ef8\u5fc3\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u57ce\u90a6\u4e4b\u9593\u8abf\u89e3\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u7a7f\u8d8a\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5275\u5efa\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u968e\u6bb5 \u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u3002 Bellah \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u8ef8\u5411\u8def\u5f91\u4e0a\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u60b2\u5287\u548cParmenides \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u908f\u8f2f\u8ad6\u8b49\u8207\u8a69\u610f\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8b49\u660e\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728Socrates\u3001Plato\u548cAristotle\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0cBellah\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u8ef8\u5411\u904e\u6e21\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201c\u60f3\u50cf\u8207\u73fe\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269imagine things different from what exists\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7d55\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u62d2\u7d55\u4ed6\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91cd\u5851\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u8b1b\u8ff0\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u6642\u6700\u70ba\u660e\u986f\uff08pp 387-95\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6df7\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\u5305\u62ec\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u65b0\u7d9c\u5408\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u4e86Bellah\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u9032\u5316\u548c\u8ef8\u5fc3\u5e0c\u81d8\u7406\u8ad6\u91cd\u7d44\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bellah \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u8ef8\u5411\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u8ef8\u5411\u8f49\u8b8a\u767c\u751f\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u6b66\u58eb\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u5728\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u5e1d\u570b\u5b98\u50da\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u793e\u6703a society ruled by warriors was being transformed into a society ruled by imperial bureaucrats\u201d\uff08p 400\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\u58a8\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5171public\u201d\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u795e\u5b78\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u201c\u9053\u5bb6\u201d\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u6642\uff0cBellah\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u5b97\u6559\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6301\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u8ef8\u6a19\u7c64\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u5b97\u6559\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5f9e\u795e\u8a71\u601d\u60f3\u5230\u7406\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u9996\u5148\u7531\u5b54\u5b50\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7531\u5b5f\u5b50\u548c\u8340\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u3002 \u5728Bellah\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u795e\u8a71\u5230\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u767c\u751f\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u7de9\u6162\u3002 Rigveda \u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d Bellah \u4f86\u8aaa\u4ecd\u7136\u904e\u6642\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u96a8\u5f8c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a73\u7d30\u95e1\u8ff0\u548c\uff08\u6700\u7d42\uff09\u8ef8\u5411\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u5728\u300a\u5967\u7fa9\u66f8the Upanishads\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5b97\u6559\u958b\u59cb\u8f49\u5411\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u904e\u96b1\u55bb\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u6703\u548c\u502b\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u904e\u6642\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u5967\u7fa9\u66f8\u5b97\u6559\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868Bellah\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u51fa\u5bb6\u5c07\u5370\u5ea6\u50b3\u7d71\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u6027\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u5b97\u6559\u8d70\u4e0a\u8ef8\u5411\u9053\u8def\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bcBellah\u7406\u89e3\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u4e2d\u8ef8\u6d1e\u898b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5c07\u89e3\u812b\u6559\u7fa9\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u4f5b\u6559\u502b\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5275\u7acb\u50e7\u4f3d\u3002&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bellah \u6700\u5f8c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u7e3d\u9ad4\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u542b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u65bc\u8003\u616e\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5316\u4e2d\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u80cc\u666f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u793e\u6703\u6279\u8a55\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8ef8\u5fc3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u502b\u7406\u624d\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u8ef8\u5fc3\u5b97\u6559\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u5049\u5927\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u9858\u666f\u548c\u812b\u96e2\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u90fd\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u5584\u60e1\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u4f5c\u70ba\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u502b\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u96b1\u55bb\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6eab\u5e8a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8b19\u905c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 \u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8868\u660e\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9032\u5316\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5fc5\u52dd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u790e\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c0b\u6c42\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u542b\u7fa9\uff08p 605\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6574\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cBellah \u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u9858\u610f\u5728\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u539a\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u8207\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9577\u671f\u63a5\u89f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u90e8\u843d\u548c\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u4ed6\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u4ee5\u540c\u7b49\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u5c0d\u5f85\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u9577\u3001\u6700\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u5ee3\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u7121\u8207\u502b\u6bd4\u3002 \u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff0cBellah \u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c07\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f5c\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0c\u5beb\u51fa\u201c\u5927\u201d\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u542b\u7fa9\u3002 \u7406\u8ad6\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u795e\u8a71\uff08\u6216\u6a21\u4eff\uff09\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1Bellah\u6307\u51fa\u61c9\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u6a19\u6e96\u3002 \u5b97\u6559\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u53ea\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bellah \u7684\u9996\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9032\u5316\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e\u60c5\u7bc0\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u6a21\u4eff\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u8ff7\u5931 \u4ed6\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u6574\u7406\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002 \u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u8ef8\u5411\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u8207\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u2018\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u5efa\u6a21comprehensive modeling of the entire human universe\u2019\u2019\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d (p 273)\u3002 \u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u672c\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fBellah\u5728\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6f84\u6e05\uff1b \u4f5c\u70ba\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u5316\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\u6211\u5011\u7576\u524d\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0cBellah \u5c0d\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u8f49\u5411\u548c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4ecd\u7136\u51fa\u5947\u5730\u795e\u79d8\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u9f90\u5927\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u6d69\u701a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8ef8\u5fc3\u548c\u524d\u8ef8\u5fc3\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3002 Bellah\u901a\u904e\u60c5\u7bc0\u3001\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5316\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u6d89\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u667a\u529b\u9805\u76ee\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u4f5c\u70ba\u904a\u6232\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6d89\u8db3\u90fd\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5207\u5165\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u7528\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u3002 \u8ef8\u5fc3\u6587\u5316\u3002 \u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cBellah\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u8ad6\u9ede\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u548c\u6709\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u9054\u5230\u7406\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u9802\u5cf0\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u6ce8 .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Robert Bellah \u7684\u201dReligion in human evolution: from the Paleolithic to the Axial Age\u201d\u582a\u7a31\u4e00\u90e8\u898f\u6a21\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u3002 Bellah\u5f9eMerlin Donald\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3001Karl Jasper\u5c0d\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u9451\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5f9e\u539f\u59cb\u904a\u6232\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5230\u7406\u8ad6 \u8ef8\u5fc3\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8f49\u6298\u9ede\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u904e\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u5f9e\u60c5\u666f\u6587\u5316\u5230\u7406\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u907a\u6f0f\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0cBellah\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u9054\u5230\u9802\u5cf0\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002 Bellah \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5c08\u8457\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5fc5\u8b80\u7684\u66f8\u3002 Bellah \u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6b77\u53f2history of histories\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53ca\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u8a2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7bc7\u5e45\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u5b97\u6559\u80fd\u529b\u5982\u4f55\u4ee3\u8868\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\uff08\u60c5\u7bc0episodic\uff09\u3001\u751f\u6210\uff08\u6a21\u4effmimetic\uff09\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\uff08\u795e\u8a71mythic\uff09\u548c\u518d\u73fe\uff08\u7406\u8ad6theoretic\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff0cBellah\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u5b78\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u5b97\u6559\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u6558\u4e8b\u5c07\u8a69\u610f\u7684\u5167\u5728\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86 \u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f71\u97ff\u793e\u6703\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f71\u97ff\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8f49\u5411\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6df1\u539a\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8003\u616e\uff0cBellah \u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7e3d\u9ad4\u79d1\u5b78\u6642\u9593\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u985e\u904e\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u904a\u6232\u5728\u5167\u7684\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u6b77\u53f2 \u6211\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002&nbsp; Bellah\u5c0d\u5df4\u897fKalapalo\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9eWalbiri\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u897f\u5357\u90e8Navajo\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u6587\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u90e8\u843d\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8868\u660e\u6a21\u4eff\u6587\u5316\u662f\u201c\u95dc\u65bc \u4e8b\u4ef6an event about an event\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u5275\u5efa\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u7b26\u865f\u8868\u5fb5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 Bellah \u5728Polynesia\u548cHawai\u7b49\u5730\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5f9e\u90e8\u843d\u5b97\u6559\u5411\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u796d\u53f8-\u570b\u738b\u3001\u795e\u8056\u8207\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\u4f86\u50b3\u9054\u5f9e\u90e8\u843d\u5b97\u6559\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002 \u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8f49\u5411\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u738b\u6b0a\u548c\u795e\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0cBellah\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5546\u5468\u4e2d\u570b\u3002 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2022\/12\/21\/religion-in-human-evolution-from-the-paleolithic-to-the-axial-age-2\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2ey","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8590"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8595,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8590\/revisions\/8595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}