{"id":8659,"date":"2023-01-17T06:59:33","date_gmt":"2023-01-17T06:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8659"},"modified":"2023-01-17T06:59:38","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T06:59:38","slug":"the-power-of-ritual-in-prehistory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/01\/17\/the-power-of-ritual-in-prehistory\/","title":{"rendered":"The Power of Ritual in Prehistory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\n\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u53cd\u6e05\u5fa9\u660e\u3001\u6c11\u570b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u4f86\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u3002Franz Boas\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u96d6\u975e\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u4f46\u5374\u53ef\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63ed\u793a\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7814\u7a76\u50b3\u7d71\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5728\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u3002 1879 \u5e74\uff0c Franz Boas\u5728\u201dThe Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians<\/a>\u201d( pp311\u2013737. ) \u4e2d\u63d0\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u8abc\u5c0d\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u897f\u5317\u6d77\u5cb8\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002George Harley\u5728Liberia\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u540c\u6a23\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65bc 1941 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c Native African Medicine\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u4e86 Poro \u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5c0dMano\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Boas\u548cHarley\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8abf\u67e5\u96a8\u5f8c\u4e0d\u53d7\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u9752\u775e\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brian Hayden \u7684\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\u4e2d\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5fa9\u96dc\u793e\u6703\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 Hayden\u975e\u5e38\u9069\u5408\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u6398\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u571f\u8457\u5c45\u6c11\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5be6\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u201dThe Power of Ritual in Prehistory: Secret Societies and Origins of Social Complexity<\/a>\u201d\u66f8\u4ee5\u5176\u5168\u7403\u8996\u89d2\u548cHayden\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u8457\u7a31\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7262\u7262\u5730\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86Boas\u548cHarley\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8840\u7d71\u3002 \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\u4e2d\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u70ba\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7522\u751f\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u3002\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe Power of Ritual in Prehistory\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u78ba\u5be6\u4ee4\u4eba\u77da\u76ee\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u8aaa\u660e\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5fb5\uff0cHayden\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5f9e\u904d\u5e03\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u6578\u5341\u500b\u793e\u5718\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f86\u81ea\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6578\u64da\u3002 \u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u5728\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayden\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e26\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

~ \u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u897f\u5317\u6d77\u5cb8\uff1aKwakwakawakw \u7684 Hamatsa \u793e\u5718\u3001Nuu-chah-nulth \u7684\u72fc\u793e\u5718\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d–\u5217\u985b\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7701 Bella Coola \u7684 Sisauk \u548c Kusuit \u793e\u5718\u3002
~ \u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5dde\uff1aChumash \u7684 Antap \u5354\u6703\u3001Pomo \u548c\u9130\u8fd1\u5718\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684 Kuksu Cult \u4ee5\u53ca Maidu \u4e2d\u7684 Hesi \u5354\u6703\u3002
~ \u7f8e\u570b\u897f\u5357\u90e8\uff1aPuebloan Katsina \u5d07\u62dc\u3002
~\u5e73\u539f\uff1aOsage\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u914b\u9577\u5354\u6703\u3001Omaha\u7684 Midewiwin \u5354\u6703\u3001Mandan\u548cHadatsa\u7684\u767d\u6c34\u725b\u5354\u6703(the White Buffalo Cow Society)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caPawnee\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u571f\u8457\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u795e\u8056\u6346\u7d81\u5354\u6703\u3002
~ \u6771\u90e8\u6797\u5730\uff1aOjibwa \u7684 Midewiwin \u5354\u6703\u548c Menomini \u7684 Mitawit \u5354\u6703\u3002
~ \u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\uff1aMaya\u4eba\u7684\u8ca8\u904b\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayden\u9084\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u820a\u4e16\u754c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

~ \u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\uff1aNew Hebrides\u7fa4\u5cf6\u7684 Suque \u5354\u6703\u548c Nimangki \u5354\u6703\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u5e7e\u5167\u4e9eDani\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684 Ganekhe \u6559\u6d3e\u3002
~ \u4e2d\u975e\uff1aMani\u4eba\u7684Azande\u5354\u6703\u548c\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u7684Kubwanda\u5354\u6703\u3002
\u897f\u975e\uff1aMende \u7684 Poro \u548c Sande \u793e\u5718\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayden\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\u806f\u8abc\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u9996\u5148\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u8a66\u5716\u70ba\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u8b00\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u4e26\u652f\u914d\u975e\u6210\u54e1\u3002 \u53cd\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u6210\u54e1\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u904e\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u5165\u6703\u8cbb\u6216\u5c0d\u9055\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u898f\u5247\u7684\u4eba\u8655\u4ee5\u7f70\u6b3e\u4f86\u7372\u5229\u3002 \u5728\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u793e\u5718\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a7\u5236\u8457\u7576\u5730\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u9818\u57df\u767c\u63ee\u8457\u904e\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u4f7f\u7528\u6050\u6016\u4f5c\u70ba\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u5f97\u5230\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 \u7834\u58de\u8ca1\u7522\u3001\u6bc6\u6253\u3001\u8b00\u6bba\u548c\u81ea\u76f8\u6b98\u6bba\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u7d93\u5e38\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u548c\u5831\u5fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayden\u9084\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u68ee\u56b4\u3002 \u5730\u4f4d\u4f86\u81ea\u7372\u5f97\u50c5\u4ee5\u53e3\u982d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6df1\u5967\u77e5\u8b58\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u7d66\u7576\u5730\u6c11\u773e\u7559\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u904a\u884c\u3001\u5100\u5f0f\u821e\u8e48\u548c\u6240\u8b02\u5947\u8e5f\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8868\u6f14\u3002 \u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u592a\u5371\u96aa\u4e86\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u767c\u8d77\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u64c1\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u793e\u5340\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u77e5\u8b58\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u53ea\u6709\u65b0\u624b\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8056\u6b4c\u3001\u64da\u4fe1\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9748\u9b42\u9644\u8eab\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u9762\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u8655\u7406\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u9b25\u725b\u58eb\u548c\u64a5\u6d6a\u9f13\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u5177\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayden\u9084\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u68ee\u56b4\u3002 \u5730\u4f4d\u4f86\u81ea\u7372\u5f97\u50c5\u4ee5\u53e3\u982d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6df1\u5967\u77e5\u8b58\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u7d66\u7576\u5730\u6c11\u773e\u7559\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u904a\u884c\u3001\u5100\u5f0f\u821e\u8e48\u548c\u6240\u8b02\u5947\u8e5f\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8868\u6f14\u3002 \u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u592a\u5371\u96aa\u4e86\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u767c\u8d77\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u64c1\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u793e\u5340\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u77e5\u8b58\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u53ea\u6709\u65b0\u624b\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8056\u6b4c\u3001\u64da\u4fe1\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9748\u9b42\u9644\u8eab\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u9762\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u8655\u7406\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26\u3001\u9b25\u725b\u58eb\u548c\u64a5\u6d6a\u9f13\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u5177\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u80fd\u5920\u901a\u904e\u5efa\u7acb\u5340\u57df\u7db2\u7d61\u4f86\u8d85\u8d8a\u89aa\u5c6c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u793e\u5340\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u70ba\u6210\u54e1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u9053\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u512a\u60e0\u8cbf\u6613\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u51fa\u7576\u5730\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u795e\u79d8\u800c\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7b26\u865f\u5c07\u6210\u54e1\u8b58\u5225\u70ba\u9059\u9060\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u540c\u4fee\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6027\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u85dd\u8853\u98a8\u683c\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayden\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5c0d\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u201c\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u6216\u4e0d\u592a\u4e86\u89e3\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u201dHayden\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u95dc\u6ce8\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u3002 \u201c\u9451\u65bc\u90e8\u843d\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8aaa\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u53f2\u524d\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u63ee\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u78ba\u5be6\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u201d The Power of Ritual in Prehistory\u201d\u4e2d\uff0cHayden\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5c08\u9580\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u571f\u5c4b\u3001\u6c57\u6c34\u5c0f\u5c4b\u548ckivas\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u65bc\u5165\u6703\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u5bb4\u6703\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u201c\u5728\u897f\u5357\u5730\u5340\u5c0d kivas \u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u767c\u6398\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5831\u544a\u201c\u901a\u5e38\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5c0d\u5100\u5f0f\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u8b58\u5225\u4e0a\u3002\u201d Hayden \u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5f9e\u8003\u53e4\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u95dc\u65bc\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u61c9\u8a72\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9762\u5177\u3001\u77f3\u82f1\u6676\u9ad4\u3001\u7570\u570b\u60c5\u8abf\u7684\u8c9d\u6bbc\u3001\u9f13\u3001\u64a5\u6d6a\u9f13\u3001\u9b25\u725b\u58eb\u3001\u9577\u7b1b\u548c\u53e3\u54e8\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u4f86\u81ea\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u5718\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u6210\u54e1\u7372\u5f97\u5962\u4f88\u548c\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u9593\u5f85\u9047\u4e5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c11\u898b\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u9019\u4e9b\u7dda\u7d22\uff0cHayden\u5047\u5b9a\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u8207\u67e5\u79d1\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08\u5982 Pueblo Bonito\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 \u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7684G\u00f6bekli\u77f3\u9663\u548c\u79d8\u9b6f\u7684Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayden\u7528\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u3001\u6d1e\u7a74\u548c\u5ca9\u756b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u8003\u53e4\u8a18\u9304\u65e9\u5df2\u660e\u78ba\u5c07\u6d1e\u7a74\u7528\u65bc\u5100\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6d77\u767b\u63a8\u6e2c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u5100\u5f0f\u8207\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u6709\u95dc\u3002 \u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u4f86\u81ea\u8a31\u591a\u7ad9\u9ede\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u4f5c\u70ba\u652f\u6301\u8a72\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002 \u6cd5\u570b\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5169\u500b\u6d1e\u7a74 Grotte de Hortus \u548c Les Trois Fr\u00e8res \u5206\u5225\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u820a\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u548c\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u524d\u8005\u4ee5\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u907a\u9ab8\u70ba\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5f8c\u8005\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6d1e\u7a74\u85dd\u8853\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u5deb\u5e2bThe Sorcerer.\u201d\u7684\u7378\u4eba\u3002 \u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u548c\u6d1e\u7a74\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3 Scalora \u6d1e\u7a74\u907a\u5740\u548c\u514b\u7f85\u5730\u4e9e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684 Nakovana \u6d1e\u7a74\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u3002 \u5728Scalora\u7684\u5bc6\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u907f\u96e3\u6240\u3002 \u5728\u5f9e\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u5e0c\u81d8\u5316\u6642\u4ee3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Nakovana\uff0c\u7cbe\u7f8e\u9676\u74f7\u570d\u7e5e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9670\u8396\u72c0\u77f3\u7b4d\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u9019\u5f37\u70c8\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u201d The Power of Ritual in Prehistory\u201d\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8ca2\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fHayden\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6578\u64da\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5728\u5167\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4fc3\u9032\u6709\u6548\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u5275\u5efa\u7684\u3002 \u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0cHayden\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u50c5\u9f13\u52f5\u7372\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u5e6b\u52a9\u5275\u9020\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002 Hayden\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5316\u8005\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u662f\u7531\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u5275\u5efa\u548c\u904b\u71df\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u7d44\u7e54\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u3002 \u6d77\u767b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6578\u64da\u9060\u975e\u4fc3\u9032\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8868\u660e\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u793e\u5340\u5167\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u7af6\u722d\u3002    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201d The Power of Ritual in Prehistory\u201d\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u548c\u8b49\u64da\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6301\u6709\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u826f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u8db3\u70ba\u5947\u3002 \u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0cHayden\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u76f4\u9762\u540c\u4e8b\u5011\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3Maya\u8ca8\u7269\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0cHayden\u65e2\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u901a\u5e38\u65b7\u8a00\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u9069\u61c9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ca8\u7269\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5c07\u8ca8\u7269\u7cfb\u7d71\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u70ba\u525d\u524aMaya\u4eba\u800c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u6027\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a18\u9304\u4e86Maya\u8ca8\u7269\u7cfb\u7d71\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7af6\u722d\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4ee5\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a4d\u7d2f\u500b\u4eba\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u3002Hayden\u8cea\u7591\u516c\u8a8d\u667a\u6167\u7684\u610f\u9858\u4e5f\u662f \u5f9e\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5bcc\u5716\u7d0d\u5cf6\u914b\u9577\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u5730\u8abf\u67e5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5805\u6301\u914b\u9577\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u5229\u4ed6\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u793e\u5340\u8b00\u798f\u5229\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cHayden\u5f9e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c0d\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u65e9\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u3002 \u53f2\u524d\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86Hayden\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 \u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5c07\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u96dc\u6027\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u53cd\u6e05\u5fa9\u660e\u3001\u6c11\u570b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u4f86\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u3002Franz Boas\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u96d6\u975e\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u4f46\u5374\u53ef\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63ed\u793a\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002 \u7814\u7a76\u50b3\u7d71\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5728\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u3002 1879 \u5e74\uff0c Franz Boas\u5728\u201dThe Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians\u201d( pp311\u2013737. ) \u4e2d\u63d0\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u8abc\u5c0d\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u897f\u5317\u6d77\u5cb8\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002George Harley\u5728Liberia\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u540c\u6a23\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65bc 1941 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c Native African Medicine\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u4e86 Poro \u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u5c0dMano\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Boas\u548cHarley\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8abf\u67e5\u96a8\u5f8c\u4e0d\u53d7\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u9752\u775e\u3002 Brian Hayden \u7684\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\u4e2d\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5fa9\u96dc\u793e\u6703\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 Hayden\u975e\u5e38\u9069\u5408\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u6398\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u571f\u8457\u5c45\u6c11\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5be6\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u201dThe Power of Ritual in Prehistory: Secret … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2fF","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8659"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8659\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8660,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8659\/revisions\/8660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}