{"id":8692,"date":"2023-01-30T00:15:57","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T00:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8692"},"modified":"2023-01-30T00:16:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T00:16:03","slug":"the-idea-of-the-brain-a-history-the-idea-of-the-brain-the-past-and-future-of-neuroscience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/01\/30\/the-idea-of-the-brain-a-history-the-idea-of-the-brain-the-past-and-future-of-neuroscience\/","title":{"rendered":"The Idea of the Brain: A History \/ The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n\u6211\u5011\u5c0dAlcmaeon of Croton\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u78ba\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4f86\u81ea\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6700\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u57ce\u5e02Croton\uff08\u4ecaCrotone\u5167\uff09\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u540d\u53ebPeirithous\u3002 \u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u662fPythagoras\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u53bb\u4e16\uff1b \u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d 5 \u4e16\u7d00\u3002 \u4f46\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u8457\u8ff7\uff0c\u4e26\u9858\u610f\u6311\u6230\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e2\u5b9a\u6559\u689d\u3002 \u7279\u5225\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u65b7\u8a00\u5927\u8166\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc3\u81df\u2014\u2014\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u9a5a\u4eba\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/-\/zh_TW\/Professor-Matthew-Cobb\/dp\/1781255903\/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;qid=1675037603&amp;sr=8-1\">The Idea of the Brain: A History<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/-\/zh_TW\/Matthew-Cobb-ebook\/dp\/B07WSD9KBV\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=18T5L5DIW7FDX&amp;keywords=The+Idea+of+the+Brain%3A+A+History&amp;qid=1675037603&amp;sprefix=the+idea+of+the+brain+a+history+%2Caps%2C310&amp;sr=8-1\">The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience<\/a>\u201d\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cManchester\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6Matthew Cobb\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8166\u7684\u9053\u8def\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u6f2b\u9577\u548c\u8271\u8f9b\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c \u65c5\u7a0b\u624d\u525b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u63a8\u6e2c\u5927\u8166\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u9084\u9060\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u6240\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u6293\u4f4f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u5927\u8166\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u96fb\u8def\u3001\u96fb\u8a71\u7e3d\u6a5f\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u6216\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u7d61\u55ce\uff1f \u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\uff1f \u7576\u79d1\u5e03\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5f9e\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5766\u7387\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u985e\u6bd4\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4ed6 1849 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684 &#8220;Elements of Eletro-Biology&#8221; \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53ebAlfred Smee\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u535a\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u767c\u660e\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u7531\u6578\u5341\u842c\u500b\u5fae\u578b\u96fb\u6c60\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u96fb\u6c60\u90fd\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d . \u64da\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u617e\u671b\u7b49\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u610f\u8b58\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u96fb\u6c60\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u7d44\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u70ba\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6703\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u88fd\u5b9a\u4e86\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u8a72\u6a5f\u5668\u7531\u91d1\u5c6c\u677f\u3001\u9278\u934a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u5177\u7d44\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u5982 Cobb \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Smee \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u5f88\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5076\u723e\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u5148\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u9060\u8ddd\u96e2\u767c\u9001\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u8996\u983b\u4fe1\u865f\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u65af\u5bc6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u201c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u502b\u6566\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u7684\u666f\u8272\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u4e00\u6a23\u901a\u904e\u7ba1\u9053\u50b3\u9001\u5230\u611b\u4e01\u5821\uff0c\u5c07\u5370\u50cf\u50b3\u9001\u5230\u5927\u8166\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u982d\u8166\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6975\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u7522\u7269\u55ce\uff1f \u5fb7\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Gottfried Leibniz \u5c0d\u5927\u8166\u5373\u6a5f\u5668\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6279\u8a55\u3002 \u5047\u8a2d\uff0cLeibniz\u5728 1714 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u601d\u7dad\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5fa9\u5236\u4eba\u8166\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u653e\u5927\u201c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u9032\u5165\u78e8\u574a\u4e00\u6a23\u9032\u5165\u5b83\u201d\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u8d70\u52d5\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u7a2e\u611f\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u807d\u5230Leibniz\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8ff4\u8072\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u767c\u73fe\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u5fc3\u9748\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \uff08\u4ee4\u6211\u6709\u9ede\u5931\u671b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u5e03\u6c92\u6709\u63a2\u8a0e\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u840a\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u773e\u591a\u53cd\u99c1\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Daniel Dennett,\u554f\u9053\uff1a \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u610f\u8b58\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e67\u73fe\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u5011\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\uff1f\u201d\uff09&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u63a8\u6e2c\u5927\u8166\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u7684\u9084\u9060\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u5230 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u624d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5927\u8166\u5340\u57df\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u8166\u640d\u50b7\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb Phineas Gage \u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u9435\u8def\u5de5\u4eba\u3002 1848 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u6839 1.1 \u7c73\u9577\u7684\u9435\u68d2\u7a7f\u904e\u84cb\u5947\u7684\u982d\u9aa8\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4Gage\u982d\u90e8\u53d7\u50b7\u3002 \u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\uff0cGage\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u53c8\u6d3b\u4e86 20 \u5e74\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u6027\u683c\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u7ffb\u5929\u8986\u5730\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 \u64da\u4e00\u4f4d\u8a8d\u8b58\u4ed6\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u8aaa\uff0cGage\u5728\u4e8b\u6545\u767c\u751f\u524d\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6a21\u7bc4\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8b8a\u5f97\u201c\u813e\u6c23\u66b4\u8e81\u3001\u4e0d\u656c\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6c89\u8ff7\u65bc\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u893b\u7006\u884c\u70ba\u201d\u3002 Gage\u7684\u5927\u8166\u524d\u90e8\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u6700\u5927\uff1b \u6b63\u5982 Cobb \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u8a72\u6848\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\u201c\u8207\u8a3b\u610f\u529b\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u5927\u8166\u7684\u524d\u984d\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201d&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9032\u5165Darwin\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5927\u8166\u8996\u70ba\u7121\u6578\u5104\u842c\u5e74\u9032\u5316\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u985e\u4eba\u733f\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u9084\u6709\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u53d7Darwin\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0cThomas Henry Huxley\u2014\u2014\u201cDarwin\u7684\u9b25\u725b\u72ac\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u733f\u7684\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\u201c\u733f\u7684\u5927\u8166\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5927\u8166\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5fb5\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6c92\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u201d \u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u548c\u7329\u7329\u7684\u5927\u8166\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u2014\u2014\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5728 1830 \u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5011\u76f8\u4e92\u767c\u9001\u4fe1\u865f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f4\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u624d\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7a81\u89f8\u50b3\u905e\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u905e\u8cea\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u96fb\u8a71\u548c\u96fb\u5831\u5728 1800 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u548c\u96fb\u8a71\u7db2\u7d61\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u5e03\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5f88\u5feb\u8868\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u6bd4\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u6709\u9650\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u958b\u95dcswitches\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u958b\u95dc\u201c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u8207\u96fb\u5b50\u8a2d\u5099\u4e2d\u7684\u958b\u95dc\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u751f\u7269\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6280\u8853\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u4e26\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u201c\u5927\u8166\u4e0d\u662f\u96fb\u8a71\u4ea4\u63db\u6a5f\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u6578\u5b57\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u3002 \u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u795e\u7d93\u5b78\u5bb6Warren McCullogh \u8207\u81ea\u5b78\u6210\u624d\u7684\u795e\u7ae5 Walter Pitts \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyofinformation.com\/detail.php?entryid=782\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8a08\u7b97<\/a>\u201d\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u6578\u7406\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u8ff7\u4eba\u7d44\u5408\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u6709\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u8166\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7834\u58de\u6574\u500b\u52aa\u529b\u3002 \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4f86\u81ea\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u5148\u9a45\u7d04\u7ff0\u99ae\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u3002 \u6b63\u5982Cobb\u6240\u8aaa\uff0cvon Neumann\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u9060\u6bd4McCullogh\u548cPitts\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5f97\u591a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\u2014\u2014\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u96fb\u5b50\u958b\u95dc\u7684\u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u7121\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684 \u96fb\u8166\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u73fe\u4f86\u5f97\u53c8\u5feb\u53c8\u731b\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/146309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u529f\u80fd\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf (fMRI)<\/a>&nbsp;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8a98\u4eba\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u5927\u8166\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5340\u57df\u5728\u6211\u5011\u505a\u6216\u60f3\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u6642\u6700\u6d3b\u8e8d\u3002 \u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u7d61\u9019\u9580\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u6b63\u5728\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9769\u65b0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5b83\u70ba\u5927\u8166\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u6a19\u2014\u2014\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8166\u7684\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u5c0d\u61c9\u7269\u2014\u2014\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u6d77\u5e02\u8703\u6a13\u3002 \u5728\u627f\u8a8d\u201c\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u201d\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u79d1\u5e03\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981 50 \u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u86c6\u8166\u3002\u201d \u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u5c0b\u627e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cCobb\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u89e3\u958b\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d50\u69cb\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5c07\u662f\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728Cobb\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u201d\u2014\u2014\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u8b0e\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe Idea of the Brain\u201d\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u975e\u51e1\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u66f2\u6298\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7d50\u5c40\u8a72\u6709\u591a\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u9084\u5f97\u7b49\u4e00\u7b49\u3002 \u5927\u8166\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5fa9\u96dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5b83\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u5011\u5c0dAlcmaeon of Croton\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u78ba\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4f86\u81ea\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6700\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u57ce\u5e02Croton\uff08\u4ecaCrotone\u5167\uff09\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u540d\u53ebPeirithous\u3002 \u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u662fPythagoras\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u53bb\u4e16\uff1b \u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d 5 \u4e16\u7d00\u3002 \u4f46\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u8457\u8ff7\uff0c\u4e26\u9858\u610f\u6311\u6230\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e2\u5b9a\u6559\u689d\u3002 \u7279\u5225\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u65b7\u8a00\u5927\u8166\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc3\u81df\u2014\u2014\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u9a5a\u4eba\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 \u5728\u201cThe Idea of the Brain: A History \/ The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience\u201d\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cManchester\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6Matthew Cobb\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8166\u7684\u9053\u8def\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u6f2b\u9577\u548c\u8271\u8f9b\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c \u65c5\u7a0b\u624d\u525b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u63a8\u6e2c\u5927\u8166\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u9084\u9060\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u6240\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u6293\u4f4f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u5927\u8166\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u96fb\u8def\u3001\u96fb\u8a71\u7e3d\u6a5f\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u6216\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u7d61\u55ce\uff1f \u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\uff1f \u7576\u79d1\u5e03\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5f9e\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5766\u7387\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u985e\u6bd4\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6 1849 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/01\/30\/the-idea-of-the-brain-a-history-the-idea-of-the-brain-the-past-and-future-of-neuroscience\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2gc","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8693,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8692\/revisions\/8693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}