{"id":8717,"date":"2023-02-06T12:45:10","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T12:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8717"},"modified":"2023-02-08T06:23:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T06:23:09","slug":"free-will-skepticism-in-law-and-society-challenging-retributive-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/02\/06\/free-will-skepticism-in-law-and-society-challenging-retributive-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Free Will Skepticism in Law and Society: Challenging Retributive Justice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6 Free will skepticism\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u4eba\u985e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u884c\u52d5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5373\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u2014\u2014\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u61c9\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u8cac\u5099\u548c\u8868\u63da\u3001\u61f2\u7f70\u548c\u734e\u52f5\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002 \u6279\u8a55\u8005\u64d4\u5fc3\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6703\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7522\u751f\u6709\u5bb3\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u662f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u61c9\u5f97\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elizabeth Shaw\u3001Derk Pereboom \u548c Gregg D. Caruso \u7de8\u5beb\u4e86\u9019\u672c \u201cFree Will Skepticism in Law and Society: Challenging Retributive Justice<\/a>\u201d\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u5211\u4e8b\u61f2\u7f70\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \u5b83\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u767c\u73fe\u67d0\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff08\u6216\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u597d\u7684\u65b0\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4ee3\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002
\u00a0
\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0cSaul Smilansky\u3001Caruso \u548c Bruce N. Waller \u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a9e\u7528\u542b\u7fa9\u3002 \u9019\u88e1\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u7d42\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8ca2\u737b\u8005\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Pereboom \u7248\u672c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u9019\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u3002 \u6839\u64da Pereboom \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6210\u529f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9ebb\u7169\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u66fe\u7d93\u64c1\u6709\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u4e26\u503c\u5f97\u8b9a\u63da\u548c\u8cac\u5099\u6240\u9700\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff08\u975e\u7d50\u679c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\uff09\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6709\u6642\u771f\u7684\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u53d7\u5230\u5f8c\u9867\u4e4b\u6182\u7684\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u6307\u8cac\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6839\u64da\u7684\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u9451\u65bc\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u8cac\u5099\u53ca\u5176\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff08\u4e5f\u8a31\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u61f2\u7f70\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5f9e\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u7acb\u5834\u3002 \u672c\u5377\u7684\u6240\u6709\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u90fd\u5047\u8a2d\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u9019\u7a2e\u61f7\u7591\u5c07\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u4fee\u6539\u3002
\u00a0
Smilansky\uff08\u201cFree Will Denial and Deontological Constraints\u201d\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63a1\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u4ed6\u70ba\u66f8\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u60b2\u89c0\u201d\u7acb\u5834\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u8655\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u66f4\u53ef\u6015\u3002 Smilansky \u7279\u5225\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u5a01\u8105\u3002 \u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u8655\u65bc\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8af8\u5982\u50b7\u5bb3\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5f97\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u2014\u2014\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u52aa\u529b \u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0cSmilansky \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u7406\u7531\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u6e1b\u5c11\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u9810\u9632\u65b9\u6cd5\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u61f2\u7f70\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\u7684\u98a8\u96aa ( p 38 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0cCaruso\uff08\u201cFree Will Skepticism and Its Implications: An Argument for Optimism\u201d\uff09\u5c0d Smilansky \u505a\u51fa\u6a02\u89c0\u56de\u61c9\u3002 \u5169\u8005\u90fd\u8a34\u8af8\u5be6\u8b49\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u8a8c\u6709\u201c\u9670\u6697\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7368\u7acb\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u95dc ( p 54 )\u3002 Caruso \u5f37\u8abf\u8207\u516c\u6b63\u4e16\u754c\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u53f3\u7ffc\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5047\u8a2d\u7576\u5c40\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u662f \u9700\u8981\u9858\u610f\u201c\u505a\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u9818\u5c0e\u8005 ( p 54 )\u3002 \u9451\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff0cCaruso \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6703\u9f13\u52f5\u904e\u5ea6\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u5ffd\u8996\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u539f\u8ad2\u548c\u5ef6\u7e8c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u6709\u4e86\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9670\u6697\u9762\u7684\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0cCaruso \u96a8\u5f8c\u70ba\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u6aa2\u75ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u8faf\u8b77\u3002 \u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u8457\u91cd\u5f37\u8abf\u8ca7\u56f0\u3001\u65e2\u5f80\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u73fe\u50cf\u5982\u4f55\u5c0e\u81f4\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u8b58\u5225\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73fe\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u9810\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u6a5f\u6703 ( p 62 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caruso \u548c Waller \u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u78ba\u5b9a\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c31\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u5c0b\u627e\u975e\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u548c\u7d30\u7dfb\u5165\u5fae\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d \u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002 \u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8207\u660e\u986f\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u4e16\u754c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u904e\u65bc\u5f37\u70c8\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 Caruso \u548c Waller \u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5728\u7522\u751f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u65b9\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u9060\u975e\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u975e\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u69cb\u6210 Caruso \u548c Waller \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6578\u64da\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u773e\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u50c5\u50c5\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011 \u5f88\u591a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u8fd1\u4e4e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u671f\u671b\u5b83\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u554f\u984c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u78ba\u5be6\u76f4\u89c0\u5730\u8868\u660e\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u7dca\u5bc6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u8ad6\u64da\u5c07\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f37\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u5377\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u95dc\u65bc\u975e\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u61f2\u7f70\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7406\u7531\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0cPereboom\uff08\u201cFree Will Skepticism and Prevention of Crime\u201d\uff09\u9996\u5148\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8207\u4e86Smilansky\u7684\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u9053\u7fa9\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u61f2\u7f70\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\u3002 Pereboom \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9694\u96e2\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u8a34\u8af8\u4e00\u822c\u5a01\u61fe\u548c\u81ea\u885b\u6b0a\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u885b\u6b0a\u53ea\u5141\u8a31\u62d8\u7559\u90a3\u4e9b\u69cb\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \u56e0\u70ba\u6839\u64da\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c1a\u672a\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u5a01\u8105\u8981\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u69cb\u6210\u6b64\u985e\u5a01\u8105\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9694\u96e2\u6a21\u578b\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u61f2\u7f70\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u9053\u7fa9\u7d04\u675f\u3002
\nBenjamin Vilhauer\uff08\u201cDeontology and Deterrence for Free Will Deniers\u201d\uff09\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u50c5\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u822c\u5a01\u61fe\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6ed1\u5165\u201c\u61f2\u7f70\u201d\u7684\u98a8\u96aa \uff08 p 117 \uff09\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u53d7\u5236\u65bc Pereboom \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u4fb5\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u5011\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5831\u5fa9\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u5730\u963b\u7919\u7f6a\u72af\u904e\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u7e41\u69ae\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u524d\u666f ( pp 105, 113 )\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6aa2\u75ab\u7b49\u975e\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u963b\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6fc0\u52f5\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u3002 Vilhauer \u8a8d\u70ba\u6eff\u8db3\u611f\u554f\u984c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u5c0b\u6c42\u9053\u7fa9\u8ad6\u800c\u975e\u7d14\u7cb9\u5a01\u61fe\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u975e\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u61f2\u7f70\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u3002 \u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e00\u7a2e\u6839\u690d\u65bc Kant \u548c Rawls \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7121\u6c99\u6f20\u9053\u7fa9\u8ad6\u6df7\u5408\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u6839\u64da Vilhauer \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u70ba\u7531\u8b49\u660e\u975e\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u61f2\u7f70\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u8207\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9078\u64c7\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5 ( p 128 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cKevin J. Murtagh\uff08\u201cFree Will Skepticism, General Deterrence, and the ‘Use’ Objection\u201d\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u5168\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u822c\u5a01\u61fe\u3002 \u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\u53cd\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u5a01\u61fe\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u70ba\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5728\u672a\u7d93\u4ed6\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u50b7\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\uff09\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u5a01\u61fe\u69cb\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u5a01\u8105\u3002 Murtagh \u8a8d\u70ba\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u6839\u64da Murtagh \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8868\u8ff0\u70ba\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u5a01\u61fe\u6027\u61f2\u7f70\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5211\u4e8b\u8655\u7f70\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5a01\u61fe\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5927\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u61f2\u7f70\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5a01\u61fe\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5728\u672a\u7d93\u4ed6\u5011\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6545\u610f\u50b7\u5bb3\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u500b\u963b\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8b93\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u63d0\u524d\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 Murtagh \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0cPereboom \u7684\u6aa2\u75ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u7121\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u61c9\u5c0d\u8f03\u8f15\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5a01\u61fe\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u88dc\u5145\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u589e\u52a0\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u89d2\u8272\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728 ( p 156 )\u3002
\nCallender\uff08\u201cCausality and Responsibility in Mentally Disordered Offenders\u201d\uff09\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u901a\u904e\u6aa2\u67e5\u6d89\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c0d\u61f2\u7f70\u554f\u984c\u63a1\u53d6\u76f4\u63a5\u81e8\u5e8a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u61f2\u7f70\u5236\u5ea6\u5e38\u5e38\u5c07\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u60b2\u5287\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5584\u6216\u60e1\u3001\u6709\u7f6a\u6216\u7121\u7f6a\u3001\u7406\u667a\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u932f\u4e82\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u6216\u932f\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u3002 \u5361\u502b\u5fb7\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u524d\u5169\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5373\u7f6a\u72af\u672c\u8eab\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u91cd\u5927\u5275\u50b7\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cbe\u795e\u932f\u4e82\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002 \u8207\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5177\u6cbb\u7642\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u798f\u7949\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u6700\u6709\u6548\u548c\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002
\n 
\nShaw\uff08\u201cThe Implications of Free Will Skepticism for Establishing Criminal Liability\u201d\uff09\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u5be9\u5224\u4e2d\u78ba\u5b9a\u5211\u4e8b\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u5979\u9996\u5148\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u4fdd\u7559\u5211\u4e8b\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u610f\u5716\u3001\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u610f\u5716\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u8faf\u8b77\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u8a34\u8af8\u975e\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u8003\u616e\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4ea4\u6d41\uff09\u4f86\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u7531\u3002 Shaw \u9084\u95dc\u8a3b\u4e09\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u9632\u79a6\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff1a\u81ea\u885b\u3001\u6311\u91c1\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u7919\u3002 \u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\u3002 \u6311\u91c1\u9632\u79a6\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u65bc\u9664\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u61a4\u6012\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff1b \u81ea\u885b\u5fc5\u9808\u627f\u8a8d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u5384\u904b\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bba\u6b7b\u6216\u50b7\u5bb3\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u7684\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u9632\u79a6\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff08 pp 200-205 ).
\n 
\n\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cFocquaert\uff08\u201cFree Will Skepticism and Criminal Punishment: A Preliminary Ethical Analysis\u201d\uff09\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u975e\u907a\u56d1\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u65b9\u516c\u5e73\u516c\u6b63\u3002 \u5979\u7279\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u56db\u7a2e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f2a\u5ed3\u548c\u542b\u7fa9\uff1a\u5e7b\u89ba\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u975e\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u8cac\u4efb\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7121\u7f6a\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6bcf\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c0d\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u7f6a\u72af\u548c\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4f46 Focquaert \u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c07\u5305\u62ec\u78ba\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u884c\u70ba\u627f\u64d4\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u6fc0\u52f5\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5145\u5206\u89e3\u6c7a\u6b0a\u5229\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 \u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002
\n 
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\n 
\n\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c \u672c\u66f8\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Elizabeth Shaw\uff0c Derk Pereboom\u548cGregg D. Caruso\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u9019\u672c\u5408\u96c6\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u5f4c\u5408\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u660e\u78ba\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\u3002\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u9700\u8981\u9032\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8a71\uff09\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e26\u8a62\u554f\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6301\u6a02\u89c0\u9084\u662f\u60b2\u89c0\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6 Free will skepticism\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u4eba\u985e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u884c\u52d5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5373\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u2014\u2014\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u61c9\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u8cac\u5099\u548c\u8868\u63da\u3001\u61f2\u7f70\u548c\u734e\u52f5\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002 \u6279\u8a55\u8005\u64d4\u5fc3\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6703\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7522\u751f\u6709\u5bb3\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u662f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u61c9\u5f97\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002 Elizabeth Shaw\u3001Derk Pereboom \u548c Gregg D. Caruso \u7de8\u5beb\u4e86\u9019\u672c \u201cFree Will Skepticism in Law and Society: Challenging Retributive Justice\u201d\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u5211\u4e8b\u61f2\u7f70\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \u5b83\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u767c\u73fe\u67d0\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff08\u6216\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u597d\u7684\u65b0\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4ee3\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5831\u5fa9\u6027\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002 \u00a0 \u672c\u66f8\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0cSaul Smilansky\u3001Caruso \u548c Bruce N. Waller \u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a9e\u7528\u542b\u7fa9\u3002 \u9019\u88e1\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u7d42\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8ca2\u737b\u8005\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Pereboom \u7248\u672c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u9019\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u3002 \u6839\u64da … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2gB","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8717"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8723,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8717\/revisions\/8723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}