{"id":8721,"date":"2023-02-08T06:21:45","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T06:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8721"},"modified":"2023-02-08T09:27:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T09:27:09","slug":"an-epistemic-theory-of-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/02\/08\/an-epistemic-theory-of-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"An Epistemic Theory of Democracy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u67d0\u5730\u57df\u7684\u795e\u5947\u570b\u5ea6\u7e3d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u512a\u52e2\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u5236\u670d\u512a\u52e2\u5927\u67e2\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u5373\u6642\u201d\u52d5\u54e1\u529b\/\u201c\u6548\u7387\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5236\u5ea6\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u660e\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6703\u72af\u932f\u800c\u53c8\u6beb\u7121\u79c1\u5fc3\u7684\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u6c92\u6709\u8b0a\u8a00\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u6015\u807d\u76f4\u8a00\u9032\u8aeb\u3002\u4f46\u5f9e Daniel Innerarity \u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5c07\u6c11\u4e3b\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u770b\uff1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u66f4\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff1b\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c11\u4e0d\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0cDaniel Innerarity \u8a8d\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u8a66\u5716\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u7686\u7136\uff09\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d93\u6fdf\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u9858\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u6cbb\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Daniel Innerarity \u5728 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/-\/zh_TW\/Robert-Goodin\/dp\/0198823452\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3P7MVHR7GG2V3&amp;keywords=An+Epistemic+Theory+of+Democracy&amp;qid=1675837278&amp;sprefix=an+epistemic+theory+of+democracy%2Caps%2C561&amp;sr=8-1\">The Democracy of Knowledge<\/a>\u201d \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u96c6\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u7576\u4eca\u7d93\u6fdf\u5371\u6a5f\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a8d\u77e5\u6311\u6230\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u90a3\u6a23\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u901a\u904e\u77e5\u8b58\u6210\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u6216\u4eba\u6c11\uff0f\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u4e0d\u50c5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u7e41\u69ae\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u8cea\u91cf\u3001\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c Robert E. Goodin \u548c Kai Spiekermann \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u660e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u8ffd\u8e2a\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u800c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u512a\u52e2\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u76ea\u548c\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u4f5c\u5145\u6eff\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u570d\u7e5e\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u5c55\u958b\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8005Robert E. Goodin \u548c Kai Spiekermann\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/-\/zh_TW\/Robert-Goodin\/dp\/0198823452\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=FZ2XSGDX6S4D&amp;keywords=An+Epistemic+Theory+of+Democracy&amp;qid=1675836130&amp;sprefix=an+epistemic+theory+of+democracy%2Caps%2C350&amp;sr=8-1\">An Epistemic Theory of Democracy<\/a>\u201d\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7d71\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u8a72\u66f8\u57282019 \u5e74 APSA (Ideas, Knowledge, and Politics Section Best Book Award) \u7372\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u5716\u66f8\u734e\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u76f8\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6f5b\u529b\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u548c\u771f\u8aa0\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f97\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u69cb\u5efa\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-tw\/%E5%AD%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%A1%9E%E9%99%AA%E5%AE%A1%E5%9B%A2%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86\" target=\"_blank\">\u5b54\u591a\u585e\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u5b9a\u7406<\/a>&nbsp;( <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condorcet%27s_jury_theorem\" target=\"_blank\">Condorcet Jury Theorem<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/mathworld.wolfram.com\/CondorcetsJuryTheorem.html\" target=\"_blank\">CJT<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;) \u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002 \u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u8b49\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u61f7\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u201d An Epistemic Theory of Democracy\u201d \u7531\u4e94\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u69cb\u6210\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0cGoodin \u548c Spiekermann \u91cd\u69cb\u4e86\u7d93\u5178\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684 CJT\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u201c\u7d93\u5178\u7684 CJT \u6846\u67b6\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u7531 n \u500b\u9078\u6c11\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u591a\u6578\u898f\u5247\u5728\u5169\u500b\u5099\u9078\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u9593\u505a\u51fa\u9078\u64c7\u3002 [\u2026] \u5169\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 17\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u652f\u6301\u5169\u500b\u8a8d\u77e5\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u201c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7d44\uff08\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u3001\u771f\u8aa0\u7684\uff09\u9078\u6c11\u4e2d\u6295\u7968\u7684\u591a\u6578\u7968\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684 \u9078\u6c11\u5206\u958b\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6b64\u985e\u9078\u6c11\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1\u7121\u7aae\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6982\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1 1\u2019 ( p 5 )\u3002 \u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0cGoodin \u548c Spiekermann \u9084\u8003\u616e\u4e86 CJT \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u5728 CJT \u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5f9e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u8b1b\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c11\u4e3b\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u904e CJT \u7684\u8996\u89d2\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u8a55\u4f30\u4e2d\u5e38\u8b58\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5f9e CJT \u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7d50\u679c\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7bc0\u4e0d\u50c5\u5805\u6301\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u9084\u5728\u7d50\u8a9e\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u4e862016\u5e74\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u7f8e\u570bDonald Trump\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u812b\u6b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7a2e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u4e00\u8207\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u6709\u95dc\u3002 \u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u81ea\u56b4\u91cd\u9055\u53cd CJT \u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u689d\u4ef6\u3002 \u5f9e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u812b\u6b50\u548cTrump\u7684\u7576\u9078\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u8b0a\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b0a\u8a00\u5206\u5225\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u9078\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u6230\u7565\u64cd\u7e31\u3002 \u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u91cd\u7533\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u201c\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u8a8d\u77e5\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u4ee5\u6709\u5229\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u74b0\u5883\u70ba\u689d\u4ef6\u201d\uff08p 311\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u826f\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u9069\u7576\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6d89\u53ca\u5c0d CJT \u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u9055\u53cd\u3002 \u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4fc3\u9032\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u4e3b\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u5229\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5047\u8a2d\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8b49\u6846\u67b6\uff0cGoodin\u548c Spiekermann\u5c31\u7576\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u56b4\u5bc6\u4e14\u7d2e\u5be6\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\u3002 \u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u984d\u5916\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u7b2c 13 \u7ae0\u548c\u7b2c 14 \u7ae0\u5206\u5225\u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5916\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7406\u8ad6\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u771f\u7406\u6a19\u6e96\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u8cea\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u9375\u5047\u8a2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u78ba\u8a8d\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u76f8\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u5047\u8a2d\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u91cd\u7533\u9019\u4e9b\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002 \u5426\u5247\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6703\u5f97\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1f \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f9e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4f86\u8b49\u5be6\u9019\u4e9b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u89f8\u53ca\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6216\u5229\u76ca\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Goodin \u548c Spiekermann \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u523b\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u81f3\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5be6\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u570b\u5c0d\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u652f\u4ed8\u6216\u7f8e\u570b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u88ab\u63a7\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u548c\u771f\u8aa0\u7684\u9078\u6c11\u6703\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6839\u64da\u5c0d\u4e8b\u614b\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u5ba2\u89c0\u63cf\u8ff0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u6216\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u8b0a\u8a00\u4f86\u6295\u7968\u3002 \u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u554f\u984c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u904e\u6c11\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002 \u9019\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u78ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u201d\u7684\u5148\u524d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5982\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u771f\u7406\u69cb\u6210\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5ba2\u89c0\u771f\u7406\u6a19\u6e96\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7dca\u5f35\u5c40\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u65bc CJT \u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u5176\u6563\u6f2b\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f86\u81ea\u6578\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u898f\u7bc4\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u975e\u5c08\u696d\u8b80\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4ecd\u7136\u666e\u904d\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u8ad6\u9ede\u6307\u51fa\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u8ffd\u8e2a\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u800c\u5177\u6709\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u512a\u52e2\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u77e5\u8b58\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5168\u666f\u3002 Goodin \u548c Spiekermann \u5728\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u4f5c\u666e\u904d\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u66f8\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u76ea\u6642\u523b\u8a55\u4f30\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u67d0\u5730\u57df\u7684\u795e\u5947\u570b\u5ea6\u7e3d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u512a\u52e2\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u5236\u670d\u512a\u52e2\u5927\u67e2\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u5373\u6642\u201d\u52d5\u54e1\u529b\/\u201c\u6548\u7387\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5236\u5ea6\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u660e\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6703\u72af\u932f\u800c\u53c8\u6beb\u7121\u79c1\u5fc3\u7684\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u6c92\u6709\u8b0a\u8a00\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u6015\u807d\u76f4\u8a00\u9032\u8aeb\u3002\u4f46\u5f9e Daniel Innerarity \u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5c07\u6c11\u4e3b\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u770b\uff1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u66f4\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff1b\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c11\u4e0d\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0cDaniel Innerarity \u8a8d\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u8a66\u5716\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u7686\u7136\uff09\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d93\u6fdf\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u9858\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u6cbb\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Daniel Innerarity \u5728 \u201cThe Democracy of Knowledge\u201d \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u96c6\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u7576\u4eca\u7d93\u6fdf\u5371\u6a5f\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a8d\u77e5\u6311\u6230\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u90a3\u6a23\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u901a\u904e\u77e5\u8b58\u6210\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u6216\u4eba\u6c11\uff0f\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u4e0d\u50c5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u7e41\u69ae\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u8cea\u91cf\u3001\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u3002 \u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c Robert E. Goodin \u548c Kai Spiekermann \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u660e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u8ffd\u8e2a\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u800c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u512a\u52e2\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u76ea\u548c\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u4f5c\u5145\u6eff\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u570d\u7e5e\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u5c55\u958b\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8005Robert E. Goodin \u548c Kai Spiekermann\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c \u201dAn Epistemic Theory of Democracy\u201d\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7d71\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u8a8d\u77e5\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u8a72\u66f8\u57282019 \u5e74 APSA &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/02\/08\/an-epistemic-theory-of-democracy\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2gF","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8721"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8725,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8721\/revisions\/8725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}