{"id":8754,"date":"2023-02-23T00:36:04","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T00:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8754"},"modified":"2023-02-23T00:36:07","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T00:36:07","slug":"levinas-the-frankfurt-school-and-psychoanalysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/02\/23\/levinas-the-frankfurt-school-and-psychoanalysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Levinas, The Frankfurt School and Psychoanalysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u60c5\u7dd2\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u98a8\u9761\u4e00\u6642\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u6642\u7576 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u7336\u592a\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6 Emmanuel Levinas \u4ee5\u9810\u8a00\u5bb6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5beb\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4f86\u6253\u7834\u6982\u5ff5\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u4e26\u6d88\u9664\u963b\u7919\u81ea\u6211\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u507d\u88dd\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u589e\u751f\u5c64\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bb\u9664\u507d\u88dd\u795e\u8056\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u5426\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u201c\u6548\u679c\u201d\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff1f\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 Derrida \u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cLevinas \u7684\u793e\u6703\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5708\u5b50\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u662f C. Fred Alford \u5728\u9019 \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Levinas-Frankfurt-School-Psychoanalysis-Disseminations\/dp\/0826463738\/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;qid=1677112528&amp;sr=8-1\">Levinas, The Frankfurt School and Psychoanalysis<\/a>\u201d\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d Levinas \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9805\u76ee\u3002 Levinas \u8981\u6c42\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u4e3b\u6b0a sovereignty\u3001\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7d50\u675f\u8207\u201c\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u201d\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u906d\u9047\uff1b\u800c Alford \u5247\u529b\u6c42\u5e73\u4f0f\u9019\u7247\u6d77\u6d0b\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u859b\u897f\u65af\u5f0f\u52aa\u529b\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u904e\u7684\uff1aAdorno\u3001Horkheimer \u548c\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684 Marcuse\uff0c\u800c\u8207 Freud\u3001Donald Woods Winnicott \u548c Iris Murdoch\u7b49\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d93\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u60b2\u5287 Sophocles \u548c Aeschylus \u76f8\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5ee3\u53ca Berlin\u3001Arendt\u3001Nietzsche\u3001Luce Irigaray\u3001Hegel \u548c Rousseau \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 Alford \u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u6f6e\u6c96\u660f\u4e86\u982d\u8166\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u5c0d\u201c&#8217;Levinas \u7684\u5049\u5927\u2019 \u8a08\u5283\u7684\u8b9a\u8cde\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 143 \uff09\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u64da Alford \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0cLevinas \u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u5728\u65bc\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u502b\u7406\u7684\u6575\u4eba\uff08 p 35 \uff09\u2014\u2014\u5c07\u611b\u6b32\u5f9e\u502b\u7406\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u2014\u2014\u5f9e\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5438\u53d6\u7d93\u9a57\u6027\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002Alford\uff08 \u7e7c John Llewelyn\uff081995\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c \uff09\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Levinas \u5982\u4f55\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7121\u9650\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff08 Alford \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u5b83 \uff09\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u7e3d\u9ad4\u5316\u5927\u4ed6\u8005 the Other\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u66ab\u505c\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u8655\u65bc<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Scylla-and-Charybdis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5e7d\u9589\u6050\u61fc\u75c7\u7684 Scylla \u548c\u5ee3\u5834\u6050\u61fc\u75c7\u7684 Charybdis&nbsp;<\/a>\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u5e0c\u671b ( p 114 )\u3002\u5169\u6975\u90fd\u5c0dLevinas \u8207\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728 Alford \u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u4e2d\uff0cLevinas \u7684\u5169\u90e8\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u9593\u672a\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u9d3b\u6e9d\u91cd\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u795e\u7d93\u8cea\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4f46\u5374\u5c0d\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u6587\u737b\u7684\u6dfa\u8584\u63a5\u89f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u8aa4\u7528\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u7f3a\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alford \u7684\u66f8\u7d50\u69cb\u7c21\u55ae\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u201cSomeone Rings Your Doorbell\u201d \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 Levinas \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u7a7f\u63d2\u4e86Alford \u8207\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53cd\u601d\u7576\u6709\u4eba\u4f86\u4f60\u5bb6\u6253\u64fe\u4f60\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u8207\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d Levinas \u6587\u737b\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u63a5\u8457\u5ef6\u4f38\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Levinas \u8207\u4ee5\u82f1\u570b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f Donald Woods Winnicott \u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5ba2\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2 ( \u201cLevinas, Winnicott, and &#8220;There Is&#8221;\u201d )\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u6709\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c07Levinas \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u5076\u50cf Theodor Adorno \u7684\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\/\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Iris Murdoch \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03 ( \u201cMurdoch, Adorno, and Levinas\u201d )\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u5f8c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2 ( \u201cPsychoanalysis, Politics, and &#8220;Freedom With&#8221;\u201d )\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u611b\u3001\u6190\u61ab\u8207\u4eba\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78 (\u201clove, pity and humanity\u201d)\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba \u201cLevinas \u6548\u61c9\u201d \uff08 p 117 \uff09\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u5728 Levinas \u8907\u96dc\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6771\u897f\u800c\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u96dc\u4e82\u7121\u7ae0\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u6b63\u5982Alford \u6240\u8aaa\uff0cLevinas \u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u8abf\u548c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u62c9\u6bd4\u7336\u592a\u6559\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5973\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d\uff08 p 33 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cAlford \u5fc5\u9808\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6d89\u7375\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u516c\u6b63\u5c0d\u5f85 Levinas\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cAlford \u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207 Levinas \u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u6177\u6168\u5927\u65b9\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6Levinas \u7248\u672c\u7684\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u53d6\u6027\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u5c07 Levinas \u7684\u5167\u96b1\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u5ba2\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u601d\u8003 Levinas \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8207\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u50b3\u7d71\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c0d\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u55ce\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u662f\u628a Levinas \u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u502b\u7406\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u95dc\u5fc3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u55ce\uff1fAlford \u7684\u66f8\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5728\u7bc7\u5e45\u5206\u914d\u4e0a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u591a\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alford \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u555f\u767c\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4f86\u8cea\u7591 Levinas \u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u5fc5\u9808\u6c38\u9060\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\u201d\uff08 p 40 \uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c Levinas \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc Alford \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cLevinas \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u5171\u4eab\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u50f9\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e2d\u6190\u61ab\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u60b2\u5287\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6b23\u8cde\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cLevinas \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba Alford \u7684\u6279\u8a55\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u5c07 Levinas \u8207\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u5ba2\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6 Winnicott\uff09\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002 \u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u201c\u6230\u7dda\u201d\u904e\u9577\u904e\u5927\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8b80\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u4e9b\u96f6\u788e\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8b93 Levinas \u63a5\u53d7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u500b Alford \u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8b58\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0cAlford \u5c0d\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u622a\u65b7\u7248\u672c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 Alford \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u6839\u672c\u5340\u5225\u201d\uff08 p 3 \uff09\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0cAlford \u932f\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 \u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f9e\u81e8\u5e8a\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8207\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5c0d\u7406\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u8b49\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002 Alford \u7c21\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u53d7 Levinas \u555f\u767c\u7684\u7642\u6cd5\u6703\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d93\u9a57\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c0d Levinas \u4ee5\u53ca Alford \u7528\u4f86\u8207\u4ed6\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\u548c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\u90fd\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u986f\u7136\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8072\u540d\u72fc\u85c9\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0cAlford \u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9aLevinas\u3001Adorno,\u3001Winnicott \u6216 Murdoch \u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u5462\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8a8d\u771f\u8655\u7406\u8b49\u64da\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u66f8\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\uff0cAlford \u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u662f Alan Wolfe \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u66fe\u7d93\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u201c\u507d\u88dd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u201d\u3002 \u793e\u6703\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u793e\u6703\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c Alford \u7684\u5224\u65b7\u6bd4 Levinas \u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u66f4\u5177\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u548c\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u4e0a\u6d89\u53ca Levinas \u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 Adorno\u3001Murdoch \u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u8853\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u966a\u896f\u4f86\u5206\u6563\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8b58\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u4ed4\u7d30\u7814\u7a76\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d Alford \u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u966a\u896f\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002 Alford \u501f\u9452\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u548c\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u8d77\u6e90\u795e\u8a71\u201d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86 Adorno \u548cHorkheimer \u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 Alford \u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c \u201dThe Dialectics of Enlightenment\u201d \uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u7d93\u9a57\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0cAlford \u6709\u6b0a\u9078\u64c7\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u9019\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u7528\u63a8\u6e2c\u4ee3\u66ff\u57fa\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002 Alford \u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6Erich Fromm \u5728\u65e9\u671f\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u8af7\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Fromm \u662f\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5be6\u8b49\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6700\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0cFromm \u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u201c\u5ba2\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2 object -relations\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u539f\u5275\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff0cAlford \u5805\u6301\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5c0d\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u52a0\u6279\u5224\u3002 Alford \u66f8\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u8a0e\u8ad6 Fromm\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5728\u8655\u7406\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aa4\u8b80\u4e86Fromm \u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c \u201dEscape from Freedom\u201d\u3002 Fromm \u7684\u66f8\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u7248\u65bc 1941 \u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f Alford \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u6697\u793a\u7684 1969 \u5e74\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u81eaIsaiah Berlin \u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cTwo Concepts of Liberty\u201d\uff08\u5728Alford \u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba 1969 \u5e74\uff09\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u9003\u96e2\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u6642\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002 \u201cTwo Concepts of Liberty\u201d \u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u671f\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b1b\u5ea7\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8ddd Fromm \u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u8457\u51fa\u7248\u5df2\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0cFromm \u7576\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u7fa3\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u95dc\u4fc2\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 Alford \u5c0d\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u4e2d\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u8ddd\u5c24\u5176\u5177\u6709\u8af7\u523a\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Fromm \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6d89\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u8207 Levinas \u54f2\u5b78\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u7336\u592a\u6559\u3001\u502b\u7406\u548c\u611b\u60c5\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alford \u5c0d\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u95b1\u8b80\u81f3\u5c11\u8b93\u4eba\u61f7\u7591\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 Alford \u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07 \u201c\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u5834\u5f9e\u672a\u767c\u751f\u904e\u4f46\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u8457\u8ff7\u7684\u76f8\u9047\uff1a\u5728 Levinas \u548c\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u5b78\u6d3e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f Theodor Adorno \u548c Max Horkheimer \u4e4b\u9593\u201d\uff08 p 85 \uff09\u3002 Alford \u4f3c\u4e4e\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u904e\u7684\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc Levinas \u70ba\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0cAlford \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u63d0\u51fa\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u60c5\u611f\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5c07\u70ba Levinas \u7684\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u7531\u3002 \u9451\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5c0d\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u6df1\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Erich Fromm \u5728\u5167\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Alford \u7684\u66f8\u5c0d\u5fc3\u7406\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u8457\u975e\u5e38\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u6700\u7d42\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u737b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6d89\u7375\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u60c5\u7dd2\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u98a8\u9761\u4e00\u6642\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u6642\u7576 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u7336\u592a\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6 Emmanuel Levinas \u4ee5\u9810\u8a00\u5bb6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5beb\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4f86\u6253\u7834\u6982\u5ff5\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u4e26\u6d88\u9664\u963b\u7919\u81ea\u6211\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u507d\u88dd\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u589e\u751f\u5c64\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bb\u9664\u507d\u88dd\u795e\u8056\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u5426\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u201c\u6548\u679c\u201d\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff1f\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 Derrida \u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cLevinas \u7684\u793e\u6703\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5708\u5b50\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u662f C. Fred Alford \u5728\u9019 \u201dLevinas, The Frankfurt School and Psychoanalysis\u201d\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d Levinas \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9805\u76ee\u3002 Levinas \u8981\u6c42\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u4e3b\u6b0a sovereignty\u3001\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7d50\u675f\u8207\u201c\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u201d\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u906d\u9047\uff1b\u800c Alford \u5247\u529b\u6c42\u5e73\u4f0f\u9019\u7247\u6d77\u6d0b\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u859b\u897f\u65af\u5f0f\u52aa\u529b\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u904e\u7684\uff1aAdorno\u3001Horkheimer \u548c\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684 Marcuse\uff0c\u800c\u8207 Freud\u3001Donald Woods Winnicott \u548c Iris Murdoch\u7b49\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d93\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u60b2\u5287 Sophocles \u548c Aeschylus \u76f8\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5ee3\u53ca Berlin\u3001Arendt\u3001Nietzsche\u3001Luce &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/02\/23\/levinas-the-frankfurt-school-and-psychoanalysis\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2hc","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8754"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8755,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8754\/revisions\/8755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}