{"id":8756,"date":"2023-02-24T01:59:13","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T01:59:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8756"},"modified":"2023-02-24T01:59:18","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T01:59:18","slug":"economic-aspects-of-genocides-other-mass-atrocities-and-their-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/02\/24\/economic-aspects-of-genocides-other-mass-atrocities-and-their-prevention\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\n\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u56fa\u7136\u5728\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\u7121\u907a\uff0c\u4f46\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ef\u6015\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c60\u6bba\u4e86\u5927\u7d047000\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u6230\u722d\u6216\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u56db\u500d ( p 173 )\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u6230\u722d\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4f46\u6230\u722d\u4e26\u4e0d\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u8f03\u5c0f\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0a\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u7981\u6b62\u5c60\u6bba\u5176\u4eba\u6c11\u3002Raphael Lemkin\u4e0d\u7981\u63d0\u554f: \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6b0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4e0d\u7121\u8af7\u523a\u5730\u4ed6\u5728Lvov University \u7684\u6559\u6388\u5c07\u653f\u5e9c\u6bd4\u4f5c\u990a\u96de\u6236\uff0c\u5c60\u5bb0\u5bb6\u79bd\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e8b ( p 31 )\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4f4d 1939 \u5e74\u9003\u96e2\u6ce2\u862d\u7684\u7336\u592a\u5b78\u751f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u7406\u7531\u958b\u59cb\u7d42\u751f\u63a2\u7d22\u6a5f\u6703\u570b\u969b\u6cd5 chance international law<\/a>\u3002 \u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55 genocide\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002 \u8207\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u548c\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u985e\u7f6a\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7576\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u6216\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u5408\u9069\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u7126\u9ede\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u9019\u4e9b\u66b4\u884c\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u78ba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5206\u6790 \u201d\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c ( genocides and other mass atrocities , GMA )\u201d \u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0cGMA \u53d7\u5230\u8ca7\u56f0\u6216\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7b49\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u64fe\u4e82\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\uff0c\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u53ca\u5176\u8ca1\u7522\u3002 \u5c60\u6bba\u9084\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u548c\u901a\u6575\u8005\u7684\u63a0\u596a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u4f86\u7fa3\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u5974\u5f79\u3002 \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0cGMA \u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u62db\u8058\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u7d44\u7e54\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u9700\u8981\u793e\u6703\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8 \u201d Economic aspects of genocides, other mass atrocities, and their prevention<\/a>\u201d \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6578\u64da\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u6e05\u55ae\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\u9054\u5230\u9802\u5cf0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff08p 65\uff09 \uff0c\u7576\u6642\u76e7\u65fa\u9054 Rwanda\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9e Bosnia\u90fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8fd1\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u6790\u4e86GMA\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u512a\u5316\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u662f GMA \u5728\u5206\u6790\u5176\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u6210\u672c\u6642\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u96c6\u5718\u5167\u6216\u5176\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u512a\u5316\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d44\u5167\u9818\u5c0e\u9078\u64c7\u4e86 GMA\uff1b \u4e0d\u7136\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u9078\u64c7\u751a\u9ebc\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u5728\u5176\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u535a\u5f08\u8ad6\u7528\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u6bba\u622e\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002 \u672c\u7ae0\u5f37\u8abf\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u662f\u6709\u8a08\u5283\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u2018\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4ec7\u6068 ancient hatreds\u2019\u6216\u975e\u7406\u6027\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7d50\u679c\u201d\uff08pp 172-173\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u4ecb\u7d39 GMA \u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u7d93\u6fdf\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u5f8c\u679c\u3001\u98a8\u96aa\u548c GMA \u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u4f55\u7559\u4e0b\u6216\u96e2\u958b\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u7d0d\u7cb9\u66b4\u884c\u3001\u6027\u5225\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u66b4\u884c \u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u6216\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u9810\u9632\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f86\u5206\u6790 GMA \u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709 41 \u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u548c 28 \u7ae0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e5f\u96e3\u4ee5\u8aac\u660e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c (GMA ) \u7684\u884c\u5f91\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u8a2d\u6cd5\u95e1\u660e\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u767c\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u6b96\u6c11\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5427\u3002\u3002\u3002\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u56fa\u7136\u5728\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\u7121\u907a\uff0c\u4f46\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ef\u6015\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c60\u6bba\u4e86\u5927\u7d047000\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u6230\u722d\u6216\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u56db\u500d ( p 173 )\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u6230\u722d\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4f46\u6230\u722d\u4e26\u4e0d\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u8f03\u5c0f\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0a\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u7981\u6b62\u5c60\u6bba\u5176\u4eba\u6c11\u3002Raphael Lemkin\u4e0d\u7981\u63d0\u554f: \u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6b0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4e0d\u7121\u8af7\u523a\u5730\u4ed6\u5728Lvov University \u7684\u6559\u6388\u5c07\u653f\u5e9c\u6bd4\u4f5c\u990a\u96de\u6236\uff0c\u5c60\u5bb0\u5bb6\u79bd\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e8b ( p 31 )\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4f4d 1939 \u5e74\u9003\u96e2\u6ce2\u862d\u7684\u7336\u592a\u5b78\u751f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u7406\u7531\u958b\u59cb\u7d42\u751f\u63a2\u7d22\u6a5f\u6703\u570b\u969b\u6cd5 chance international law\u3002 \u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55 genocide\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002 \u8207\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u548c\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u985e\u7f6a\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7576\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u6216\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u5408\u9069\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u7126\u9ede\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u9019\u4e9b\u66b4\u884c\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u78ba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5206\u6790 \u201d\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c ( genocides and other mass atrocities , GMA )\u201d \u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0cGMA \u53d7\u5230\u8ca7\u56f0\u6216\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7b49\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u64fe\u4e82\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\uff0c\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u53ca\u5176\u8ca1\u7522\u3002 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2he","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8756"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8757,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8756\/revisions\/8757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}