{"id":8804,"date":"2023-03-20T22:13:55","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T22:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8804"},"modified":"2023-03-20T22:13:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T22:13:58","slug":"law-in-perspective-ethics-society-and-critical-thinking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/03\/20\/law-in-perspective-ethics-society-and-critical-thinking\/","title":{"rendered":"Law in Perspective: Ethics, Society, And Critical Thinking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b rule by law \u8aaa\u662f\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7406\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u2018\u2019\u6cd5\u2018\u2019 \u8879\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u800c\u81f3\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u96db\u5f62\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u90fd\u6709 \u201c\u6cd5\u201d \u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6709\u4e86\u898f\u77e9\uff08\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u6cd5\u5236\u3002\u9019\u6cd5\u5236\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u624b\u4e0a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6c92\u6709 \u2018\u2019\u7368\u7acb\u601d\u60f3\u2018\u2019 \u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u807d\u547d\u65bc\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u3002\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u8aaa\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u807d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5b88\u6cd5\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u9055\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u60e1\u610f\u3002\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u884c\u4f7f\u548c\u5be6\u65bd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u985e\uff1a\u6cd5\u6cbb the rule of law \u548c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b rule by law\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb the rule of law \uff1f \u6cd5\u6cbb\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6982\u5ff5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5176\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u627f\u64d4\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u9084\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8005\u9084\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672c\u8eab\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6216\u7576\u5730\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e36\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u9055\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u3002 \u5b83\u9084\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e36\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b rule by law \uff1f \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c07\u7ba1\u7406\u7576\u5c40\u8996\u70ba\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u64f4\u5c55\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u201d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d \u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u7576\u6b0a\u8005\u7528\u4f86\u5851\u9020\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u6cbb\u7406\u570b\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u7fa3\u773e\u7fa3\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u6216\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8aaa\u670d\u4eba\u5011\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u5011\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u6703\u540c\u610f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a00\u6b78\u65bc \u201dLaw in Perspective: Ethics, Society, And Critical Thinking\u201d \u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u201c\u9996\u5148\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u672c\u4ecb\u7d39\u6027\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u201d\uff0c( p 1 ) \u662f\u201c\u9f13\u52f5\u5c07\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u601d\u60f3\u9ad4\u7cfb\u548c\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u3001\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u548c\u5275\u9020\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\u201d\u3002 ( p 2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u201cLogic, Science and Law \u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201d \u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u201cEthics, Social Theory and Law \u502b\u7406\u3001\u793e\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684 \u201c\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8ad6\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u201cLaw and Contemporary Social Problems \u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u201d\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8a55\u4f30\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u7de9\u89e3\u6216\u52a0\u5287\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u6703\u885d\u7a81\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f8\u7684\u524d\u5169\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6df1\u5207\u95dc\u6ce8\u5b78\u7fd2\u4ee5\u5f8b\u5e2b\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5099\u908f\u8f2f\u601d\u8003\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u4eca\u592a\u591a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ab2\u7a0b\u90fd\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9818\u57df\u3002 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positivism\uff08\u5177\u6709\u201c\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u7d00\u5f8b\u548c\u767d\u7d19\u9ed1\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff09\u548c\u201c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6240\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6642\u9ae6\u7684\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3 \u6642\u9ae6\u7684\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3 faddish postmodern deconstructions\u201d \u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u5371\u96aa\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u9700\u8981\u201c\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u65e9\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u638c\u63e1\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177\u201d ( p 2 ) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u8b93\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u7d14\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u8a55\u4f30\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u201d\uff08 p 6 \uff09\u3002 \u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u67b6\u69cb\u5167\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u898f\u5247\u3001\u539f\u5247\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u69cb\u5efa\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u3002 \u908f\u8f2f\u601d\u7dad\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5c07\u95dc\u65bc\u4e8b\u5be6\u6216\u8072\u7a31\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff08\u5373\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6216\u5340\u5206\uff09\u3002 \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 \u908f\u8f2f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u627e\u5230\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u7d44\u4e8b\u5be6\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u7d44\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 \u5b83\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5f9e\u767c\u751f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002 \u7576\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u50f9\u503c\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6642\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u610f\u898b\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5c0d\u9084\u662f\u932f\u3002 \u5c0d\u771f\u5be6\u89c0\u9ede\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u662f\u770b\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5426\u5982\u6b64\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f5c\u8005\u65b7\u8a00 ( p 15 )\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u908f\u8f2f\u201d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u908f\u8f2f\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u65b7\u8a00\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u201c\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86 2000 \u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u6f14\u8b8a\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7576\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u672c\u8ddf\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002 \u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u9664\u4e86Aristotle \u7684\u547d\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u5730\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5b87\u5b99\u3002 \uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u7957\u60f3\u8a6d\u8faf\u5de7\u8fad\uff0c\u800c\u8879\u9700\u8981\u597d\u597d\u4f9d\u64daAristotle \u908f\u8f2f\u6790\u89e3\u4e8b\u5be6\/\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\uff09\u96d6\u7136\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u61c9\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u898f\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u8c50\u5bcc\u3001\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u6e05\u695a\u4ed6\u5011\u652f\u6301\u54ea\u500b\u6216\u54ea\u4e9b\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u6d3e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u505a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u90fd\u662f\u6b78\u7d0d\u8207\u6f14\u7e79 ( pp 23-30) \u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u7684Aristotle \u908f\u8f2f\u4e26\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u61c9\u8a72\u8b49\u660e\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f9e\u696d\u8005\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f8\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u90e8\u5206(\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0) \u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5167\u5728\u5f31\u9ede\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u201d( p 164) \u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u63d0\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\u201c\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9 subjectivist\u201d \u502b\u7406\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u672a\u80fd\u5c0d\u201c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9 objectivist\u201d\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u7d66\u4e88\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u65b7\u8a00\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u547d\u4ee4\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4fc3\u9032\u6216\u589e\u5f37\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u932f\u8aa4\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u901a\u904e\u53c3\u8003\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\uff09\u4f86\u8a62\u554f\u5584\u826f\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a62\u554f\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u64da\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3001\u597d\u7684\u3001\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u3001\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4f86\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u5730\u8aaa\u8a71\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u95dc\u65bc\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5584\u826f\u3001\u7f8e\u9e97\u6216\u7d05\u8272\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u516c\u5e73\u807d\u8b49\u6703\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u2014\u2014\u5373\u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u73fe\u516c\u5e73\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u2014\u2014\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u4e8b\u7269\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u6b23\u8cde\u6216\u627f\u8a8d\u5176\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u201c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u7684\u502b\u7406\u89c0\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u502b\u7406\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0d\u5f85\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u201c\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u771f\u7406\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u6709\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u53cd\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u201d( pp. 182\u201383 ) \u7684\u65b7\u8a00\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff0c \u4f3c\u4e4e\u904e\u65bc\u8f15\u8511\u548c\u61a4\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u800c\u8ff4\u907f\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6b63\u78ba\u800c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u6307\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u201c\u5c0d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u932f\u201d\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5916\u90e8\u6b0a\u5a01\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002 \u5b97\u6559\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u56e0\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u8a34\u8af8\u6b0a\u5a01\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u6559\u7687\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5584\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u5982David Hume \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f9e\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5be6\u9673\u8ff0\uff08\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u547d\u4ee4 X\u201d\u3001\u201cX \u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u201d\uff09\u4e2d\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65b7\u6216\u898f\u7bc4\u547d\u984c\uff08\u201c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u505a X\u201d\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b49\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 Locke\u3001Austin \u548c H.L.A. Hart\u3002 \u5c0d\u201c\u5206\u914d\u6b63\u7fa9\u201d\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u8655\u7406( pp 199\u2013200) \u3002\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5728\u8655\u7406\u8af8\u5982\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u7522\u662f\u7531\u8ffd\u9010\u5229\u6f64\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u201d\uff09\u3001( p 250 ) \u53cd\u6050\u63aa\u65bd\uff08\u201c\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u5a01\u8105 \u201d\uff09\uff0c( p 368 ) \u548c\u5c0b\u6c42\u5e87\u8b77\u8005\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff08\u201c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u9055\u53cd\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u201d\uff09\u3002( p 373) \u5c0d\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u986f\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u4f01\u696d\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u5229\u6f64\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u617e\u671b\u9a45\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u537b\u76f8\u7576\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b rule by law \u8aaa\u662f\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7406\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u2018\u2019\u6cd5\u2018\u2019 \u8879\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u800c\u81f3\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u96db\u5f62\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u90fd\u6709 \u201c\u6cd5\u201d \u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6709\u4e86\u898f\u77e9\uff08\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u6cd5\u5236\u3002\u9019\u6cd5\u5236\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u624b\u4e0a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6c92\u6709 \u2018\u2019\u7368\u7acb\u601d\u60f3\u2018\u2019 \u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u807d\u547d\u65bc\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u3002\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u8aaa\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u807d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u6cbb\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5b88\u6cd5\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u9055\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u60e1\u610f\u3002\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u884c\u4f7f\u548c\u5be6\u65bd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u985e\uff1a\u6cd5\u6cbb the rule of law \u548c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b rule by law\u3002 \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb the rule of law \uff1f \u6cd5\u6cbb\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6982\u5ff5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5176\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u627f\u64d4\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u9084\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8005\u9084\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672c\u8eab\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6216\u7576\u5730\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e36\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u9055\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u3002 \u5b83\u9084\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e36\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b rule by law \uff1f \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c07\u7ba1\u7406\u7576\u5c40\u8996\u70ba\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u64f4\u5c55\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u201d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d \u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u7576\u6b0a\u8005\u7528\u4f86\u5851\u9020\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u6cbb\u7406\u570b\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u7fa3\u773e\u7fa3\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u6216\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8aaa\u670d\u4eba\u5011\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u5011\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u6703\u540c\u610f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002 \u8a00\u6b78\u65bc \u201dLaw in Perspective: Ethics, Society, &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/03\/20\/law-in-perspective-ethics-society-and-critical-thinking\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--chaos"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2i0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8804"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8805,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8804\/revisions\/8805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}