{"id":8806,"date":"2023-03-21T16:31:22","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T16:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8806"},"modified":"2023-03-21T16:38:04","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T16:38:04","slug":"philosophical-foundations-of-neuroscience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/03\/21\/philosophical-foundations-of-neuroscience\/","title":{"rendered":"Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u662f\u5c0d\u7522\u751f\u591a\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u8996\u89ba\u548c\u60c5\u611f\uff09\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u73fe\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u51fa\u7d93\u904e\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u548c\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u5be6\u9a57\u6280\u8853\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u8b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0d\u5be6\u8b49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u88dc\u5145\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u9023\u8cab\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M. R. Bennett \u4e00\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6 &#8211; \u548c P. M. S. Hacker &#8211; Wittgenstein \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u5b78\u8005 &#8211; \u806f\u624b\u5c0d\u8655\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8a55\u64ca\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u5805\u6c7a\u5805\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd Descartes \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86Descartes\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u5be6\u9ad4\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5176\u95dc\u65bc\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7d50\u69cb\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Philosophical-Foundations-Neuroscience-M-Bennett\/dp\/1119530970\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=BJGD9W7VDPL7&amp;keywords=Philosophical+Foundations+of+Neuroscience&amp;qid=1679415430&amp;sprefix=philosophical+foundations+of+neuroscience%2Caps%2C503&amp;sr=8-1\">Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience&#8221;<\/a>\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u662f\u5169\u500b\u9644\u9304\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u201cPhilosophical Problems in Neuroscience: Their Historical and Conceptual Roots\u201d\uff09 \u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u611f\u89ba\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u667a\u529b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u3002 Aristotle \u95dc\u65bc psuch\u00ea \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u8eab\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u63a8\u6e2c\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002 psuch\u00ea\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u500b\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5c07\u9748\u9b42\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e0d\u662f\u8207\u8eab\u9ad4\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0cAristotle \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u731c\u60f3\u88ab\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4fee\u6b63\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Galen \u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u548c\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u4e00\u76f4\u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 Descartes \u7684\u5230\u4f86\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bennett \u548c Hacker \u5c0d Descartes \u53d6\u4ee3 Aristotle\u601d\u60f3\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u62d2\u7d55Descartes\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65b9\u9762\u672a\u80fd\u8d70\u5f97\u8db3\u5920\u9060\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u79d1\u5b78\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u662fDescartes \u907a\u7522\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8981\u7d20\uff1a <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) Descartes \u91cd\u65b0\u69cb\u60f3\u9748\u9b42\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u539f\u5247\u201d\uff08p 26 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8207\u8eab\u9ad4\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u201c\u7d66\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6295\u4e0b\u4e86\u9577\u9577\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff08 p 2 \uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) Descartes \u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u96d6\u7136\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u3002 Descartes \u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u5176\u7e7c\u627f\u8005\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) Descartes\u552f\u4e00\u7d93\u5f97\u8d77\u6279\u8a55\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u201c\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5c07\u6839\u64da\u6709\u6548\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u201d\uff08p 27 \uff09\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0cBennett \u548c Hacker \u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u201c\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u5c0d\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u8996\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u201d\uff08 p 27\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Descartes \u7bc4\u5f0f\u4e00\u65e6\u7ad9\u7a69\u8173\u8ddf\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5c64\u9762\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u3002 \u5169\u4ee3\u4eba\uff08\u5f9e Sherrington \u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u9580\u5f92\uff09\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8166\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86 Descartes \u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u5373\u4ed6\u5011\u5805\u6301Descartes\u95dc\u65bc\u8eab\u5fc3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6846\u67b6\uff09\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u548c\u7576\u524d\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86 Descartes \u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u8166\u4ee3\u66ff\u5fc3\u667a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6e90\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0cBennett \u548c Hacker \u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u7528\u5927\u8166\u4ee3\u66ff\u601d\u60f3\u9084\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9aDescartes \u89e3\u91cb\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\u2014\u2014\u201cThe Mereological Fallacy in Neuroscience\u201d\u2014\u2014Bennett \u548c Hacker \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u6703\u505a\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u5b83\u76f8\u4fe1\uff08Crick\uff09\uff1b \u89e3\u91cb\uff08Edelman\uff09\uff1b \u77e5\u9053\uff08Blakemore\uff09\uff1b \u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u554f\u984c\uff08Young\uff09\uff1b \u505a\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff08Damasio\uff09\uff1b \u5305\u542b\u7b26\u865f (Gregory) \u4e26\u4ee3\u8868\u4fe1\u606f (Marr)\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u65b7\u8a00\u4e2d\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8a87\u5927\u4e86\u201c\u5927\u8166 Brain \u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u70ba\u6709\u60c5\u773e\u751f\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002 \u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u65b7\u8a00\u504f\u96e2\u8a9e\u8a00\u5be6\u8e10\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u767c\u51fa\u4e86\u5371\u96aa\u4fe1\u865f\u3002 \u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u7d93\u9a57\u57fa\u790e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c7a\u7b56\u6d3b\u52d5\u548c\u8a72\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u795e\u7d93\u653e\u96fb\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b \u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e26\u975e\u865b\u5047\uff1b \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wittgenstein \u8a55\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8aaa\u201c\u5b83\u6709\u611f\u89ba\uff1b\u5b83\u6709\u611f\u89ba\uff1b\u5b83\u6709\u611f\u89ba\u201d\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u5b83\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u662f\u778e\u7684\uff1b \u807d\uff0c\u662f\u807e\u5b50\uff1b \u662f\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u9084\u662f\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u3002\u201d \uff08Philosophical Investigations\uff0c\u00a7 281\uff09\u3002 \u5927\u8166\u662f\u5426\u601d\u8003\u7684\u554f\u984c\u201c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u201d\uff08 p 71 \uff09\u3002 \u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5927\u8166\u5c31\u662f\u72af\u4e86 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u5206\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8b2c\u8aa4 the mereological fallacy\u201d\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5c07\u52d5\u7269\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u7528\u5927\u8166\u4ee3\u66ff\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u5c31\u5b8c\u597d\u7121\u640d\u5730\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86 Descartes \u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u667a\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8aa4\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u7070\u7cca\u7cca\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u7a7a\u9748\u3002 Descartes \u89e3\u91cb\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u597d\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86Bennett \u548c Hacker\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u7576\u4ee3\u8a8d\u77e5\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u53cdDescartes\u3002 \u66f4\u591a\u7684 Descartes \u6982\u5ff5\u65b9\u6848\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u662f\u5206\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8b2c\u8aa4\u6709\u591a\u56b4\u91cd\u5462\uff1f \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c07\u95dc\u65bc\u5927\u8166\u201c\u76f8\u4fe1\u201d\u6216\u201c\u89e3\u91cb\u201d\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u6216\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u8ac7\u8a71\uff1f \u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8b80\u5230\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Semir Zeki\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u7372\u53d6\u662f\u201c\u5927\u8166\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u201c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u2026\u2026\u201d\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e3\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u3002 \uff08 p 75 \uff09\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0cJ.Z. Young \u8ac7\u5230\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u77e5\u8b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a18\u9304\u5728\u66f8\u672c\u6216\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u4e2d\u4e00\u6a23\u201d\uff08J.Z. Young\uff0cPrograms of the Brain\uff08OUP\uff0c1978 \u5e74\uff09\uff0cp 192 \uff09\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0cMilner\u3001Squire \u548c Kandel \u90fd\u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u9673\u8ff0\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u8a18\u61b6\u201c\u5b58\u5132\u5728\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u201d\uff08Brenda Milner\u3001Larry R. Squire \u548c Eric R. Kandel\uff0c\u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0c  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/neuron\/home\">Neuron<\/a> \uff0c20\uff081998 \u5e74\uff09\uff0cp 450 \uff09\u3002 \u5f9e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u767c\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u554f\u984c\u548c\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u9003\u907f\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u555f\u767c\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0cBennett \u548c Hacker \u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u505a\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5c0d\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u958b\u5c55\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n\u5206\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8b2c\u8aa4\u53ea\u662fDescartes\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d66\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u6295\u4e0b\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u201c\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u201d\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86Descartes \u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u611f\u89ba\u548c\u77e5\u89ba\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u96a8\u610f\u904b\u52d5\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Locke \u8a8d\u70ba\u77e5\u89ba\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u982d\u8166\u4e2d\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c07\u77e5\u89ba\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u8996\u89ba\u6216\u807d\u89ba\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u884c\u4f7f\u8996\u89ba\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u57fa\u8cea\u3002 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u4e8b\u696d\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5c0d\u50cf\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u7d50\u679c\u5916\u63a8\u5230\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6846\u67b6\u3002\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u601d\u60f3\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u932f\u8aa4\u3002 \u60f3\u60f3 John Searle \u95dc\u65bc\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u5927\u8166\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bennett \u548c Hacker \u4ee5\u908f\u8f2f\u8a9e\u6cd5\u70ba\u7531\u53cd\u5c0d\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u201c\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u201d\u6c92\u6709\u75bc\u75db\u3002 \u75bc\u75db\uff08\u982d\u75db\u9664\u5916\uff09\u4e0d\u5728\u201c\u982d\u8166\u4e2d\u201d\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u75db\u9ede\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u500b\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u4f48\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u4f4d\u65bc\u4ed6\u771f\u8aa0\u6697\u793a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\uff08 p 123 \uff09\uff08\u5e7b\u75db\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u89e3\u91cb\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u611f\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u75bc\u75db\u201c\u5728\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u6216\u7531\u5927\u8166\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u201d\uff08 p 122 \uff09\u3002 \u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6454\u65b7\u817f\u6642\uff0c\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u817f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u982d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u201cConsciousness and Contemporary Neuroscience: An Analysis\u201d\uff09\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u91cb\u610f\u8b58\u201c\u5967\u79d8\u201d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u52aa\u529b\u3002 McGinn\u3001Dennett\u3001Searle\u3001Chalmers \u548c Nagel \u53ea\u662f\u773e\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0cBennett \u548c Hacker \u4ed4\u7d30\u5be9\u67e5\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 Blakemore\u3001Crick\u3001Damasio\u3001Edelman \u7b49\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca Baars \u548c Weiskrantz \u7b49\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u8b49\u660e\u5927\u8166\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5c07\u610f\u8b58\u672c\u8eab\u5b8c\u5168\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5927\u8166\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aaa\u5230\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8a71\u984c\u6703\u6bd4\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u3002 \u7576 Nagel \u554f\u201c\u505a\u4e00\u96bb\u8759\u8760\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u611f\u89ba\uff1f\u201d\u6642\uff0cBennett \u548c Hacker \u56de\u7b54\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u6e90\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u3002 Qualia\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u5177\u6709\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u88ab\u54f2\u5b78\u507d\u554f\u984c\u8ff7\u4f4f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u9019\u4e9b\u662f Bennett \u548c Hacker \u6025\u65bc\u53cd\u99c1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u807d\u5230\u3001\u805e\u5230\u6216\u201c\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u72c0\u614b\u201d\uff08Block\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u500b\u610f\u8b58\u72c0\u614b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u611f\u89ba\uff08Searle\uff09\uff1b  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u500b\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u9ad4\u9a57\u90fd\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff08Edelman \u548c Tononi\uff09\uff08p 274 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u554f\u4e00\u500b\u6062\u5fa9\u4e86\u8996\u529b\u6216\u807d\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u201c\u770b\u5230\uff08\u6216\u807d\u5230\uff09\u611f\u89ba\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u201d \u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u592a\u68d2\u4e86\u3002\u201d \u6211\u5011\u8981\u554f\u7684\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6062\u5fa9\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6062\u5fa9\u4e86\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u554f\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u201c\u770b\u5230\u6905\u5b50\u6216\u684c\u5b50\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u611f\u89ba\uff1f\u201d\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f Bennett \u548c Hacker \u65b7\u8a00\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002 \u770b\u5230\u684c\u6905\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u90f5\u7bb1\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u71c8\u67f1\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u201c\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u50cf\u4e0d\u540c\u201d\uff08 p 274 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u908f\u8f2f\u8b2c\u8aa4\u7684\u72a7\u7272\u54c1\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cAntonio Damasio \u5c07\u8996\u89ba\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7406\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u7522\u751f\u3002 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u6a21\u578b\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff1b \u5fc3\u7406\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u5be6\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53d7\u7d93\u9a57\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u7167\u4eae\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8207\u8996\u89ba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5927\u8166\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8aaa\u201c\u6211\u5011\u201d\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684\u860b\u679c\u5f62\u50cf\u662f\u7121\u76ca\u4e14\u6beb\u7121\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u3002 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u5b83\uff1f\u201d \uff08p 305 \uff09\u7121\u6cd5\u901a\u904e\u201c\u5716\u50cf\u5728\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u7684\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f\u201d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5f97\u5230\u54f2\u5b78\u555f\u767c\u3002 \u539f\u56e0\u662f\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201c\u8ab0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5728\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\uff1f\u201d \u932f\u8aa4\u5728\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u8996\u89ba\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u3002 \u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u6b63\u5e38\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u5c0d\u50cf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u3002 \u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u76f4\u7dda\u3001\u89d2\u3001\u66f2\u7dda\uff09\u8207\u5927\u8166\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u6b78\u7d0d\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u627e\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5c07\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002 \u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0e\u81f4\u6df7\u4e82\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u201cOn Method\u201d\uff09\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u9ede\u3002 \u9996\u5148\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u9084\u539f\u8ad6\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u722d\u8ad6\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u95e1\u8ff0\u548c\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u8a72\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u5c0d\u9084\u539f\u8ad6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u5c07\u662f\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u4e5f\u6700\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Francis Crick \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u5c07\u7cbe\u795e\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u7269\u8cea\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u9a5a\u4eba\u5047\u8a2d\u201d\u5373\u6211\u5011\u201c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u201d\uff08Francis Crick\uff0cThe Astonishing Hypothesis\uff0cp 3 \uff081995 \u5e74\uff09\uff09\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u5ee2\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5c07\u7cbe\u795e\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u8089\u9ad4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u898f\u8303\u7dad\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002 \u8003\u616e\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7c3d\u540d\u3002 \u9644\u4e0a\u6211\u7684\u7c3d\u540d\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u6211\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u653e\u96fb\u3002 \u795e\u7d93\u653e\u96fb\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u201c\u89e3\u91cb\u201d\u6211\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002 \u5728\u7c3d\u7f72\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u7c3d\u7f72\u652f\u7968\u3001\u7c3d\u540d\u3001\u898b\u8b49\u907a\u56d1\u6216\u7c3d\u7f72\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8b49\u660e\u3002 \u5728\u6bcf\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u653e\u96fb\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7c64\u540d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u201c\u8996\u60c5\u6cc1\u800c\u5b9a\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6211\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u653e\u96fb\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002 \u795e\u7d93\u653e\u96fb\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u624b\u8a9e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u624b\u8a9e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u6211\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bennett \u548c Hacker \u4ee5\u5169\u500b\u9644\u9304\u7d50\u675f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u7dfb\u529b\u65bc\u5c0d Daniel Dennett \u548c John Searle \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u4ed4\u7d30\u7814\u7a76\u3002 Dennett \u63a1\u7528\u84af\u56e0\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u79d1\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\uff08 p 414 \uff09\u3002 Dennett \u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u610f\u5411\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u7570\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u8a8d\u70ba\u8a72\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e0d\u9023\u8cab\uff08 p 428 \uff09\u3002 \u8207 Dennett \u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u6bd4\u4f5c\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u985e\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Searle \u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cBennett \u548c Hacker \u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4ed6\u5011\u540c\u610f\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 Descartes\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ad6\u3001\u53d6\u6d88\u5f0f\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u90fd\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002 \u585e\u723e\u63d0\u5021\u201c\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u7576\u4e3b\u984c\uff08 p 444 \uff09\u3002 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u5c0d\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u7570\u8b70\u3002 \u7576 Searle \u8072\u7a31\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u73fe\u50cf\u662f\u7531\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u201d\uff08Searle, Rediscovery, p. 1\uff09\u6642\uff0cBennett \u548c Hacker \u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002 \u585e\u723e\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u72af\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5206\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8b2c\u8aa4\u3002 \u5927\u8166\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u6563\u6b65\u6216\u4ea4\u8ac7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u3002 \u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u52d5\u7269\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u4f46\u5f9e\u4e8b\u9019\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u8166\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u6f84\u6e05\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u505a\u51fa\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u5728\u95e1\u8ff0\u548c\u904b\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u6642\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u8868\u5fb5\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u66f8\u7684\u773e\u591a\u512a\u52e2\u4e4b\u4e00\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5167\u5728\u7368\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5b83\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5c0d\u6b63\u78ba\u9032\u884c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6e05\u9192\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5167\u5bb9\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u4e14\u624d\u83ef\u6a6b\u6ea2\uff0c\u5c07\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u5f15\u767c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u662f\u5c0d\u7522\u751f\u591a\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u8996\u89ba\u548c\u60c5\u611f\uff09\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u73fe\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u51fa\u7d93\u904e\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u548c\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u5be6\u9a57\u6280\u8853\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u8b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0d\u5be6\u8b49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u88dc\u5145\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u9023\u8cab\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002 M. R. Bennett \u4e00\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6 &#8211; \u548c P. M. S. Hacker &#8211; Wittgenstein \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u5b78\u8005 &#8211; \u806f\u624b\u5c0d\u8655\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8a55\u64ca\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u5805\u6c7a\u5805\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd Descartes \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46 Bennett \u548c Hacker \u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86Descartes\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u5be6\u9ad4\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5176\u95dc\u65bc\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7d50\u69cb\u3002&nbsp; \u672c\u66f8 &#8220;Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience&#8221;\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u662f\u5169\u500b\u9644\u9304\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u201cPhilosophical Problems in Neuroscience: Their Historical and Conceptual Roots\u201d\uff09 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/03\/21\/philosophical-foundations-of-neuroscience\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2i2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8806"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8807,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8806\/revisions\/8807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}