{"id":8810,"date":"2023-03-23T00:41:18","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T00:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8810"},"modified":"2023-03-23T00:41:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T00:41:23","slug":"being-evil-a-philosophical-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/03\/23\/being-evil-a-philosophical-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Being Evil: A Philosophical Perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Luke Russell \u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/-\/zh_TW\/Luke-Russell\/dp\/0198862075\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1MXLCTN5Z45F9&amp;keywords=Being+Evil%3A+A+Philosophical+Perspective&amp;qid=1679531931&amp;sprefix=being+evil+a+philosophical+perspective%2Caps%2C578&amp;sr=8-1\">Being Evil: A Philosophical Perspective <\/a>\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201cDoes evil exist?\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u76f4\u7387\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002\u90aa\u60e1\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f88\u96e3\u6b78\u985e\u3002\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u60e1\u884c\uff1f\u60e1\u4eba\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u795e\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u9084\u662f\u653f\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\uff1f \u201c\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\uff0c\u201dRussell \u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u5230\u6492\u4f46\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5011\u72af\u7f6a\u3002 . . .\u4f7f\u7528\u90aa\u60e1\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u5ba2\u6709\u6642\u6703\u88ab\u6307\u8cac\u57f9\u990a\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u6c1b\u570d\uff1b\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u717d\u52d5\u61a4\u6012\u7684\u66b4\u6c11\uff0c\u717d\u52d5\u8086\u610f\u7834\u58de\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u9019\u7247\u98a8\u666f\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u9192\u548c\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u904e\uff0cRussell \u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u4e26\u4e0d\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u662f\u52d9\u5be6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u6089\u5c3c\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc 2014 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\uff0cEvil: A Philosophical Investigation\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u672c\u65b0\u66f8\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6f14\u7b97\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u5b83\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u7834\u60e1\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u679c\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b58\u5728\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u3002\u60f3\u60f3\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u6216\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3002\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u4e00\u500b\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u4e00\u800c\u518d\u541e\uff08\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9e\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u60f3\u541e\u4f75\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u800c\u5c45\u7136\u9084\u6709\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u662f\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4f7f\u6b64\u985e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u3002 \u201c\u90aa\u60e1\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u3001\u55ae\u8abf\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\uff0c\u201dRussell\n\u5805\u6301\u8aaa\u3002 \u201c\u90aa\u60e1\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u60e1\u662f\u6709\u5340\u5225\u7684\u3002\u201d\u96d6\u7136\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ef\u80fd\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8aaa\u4e00\u500b\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u201dRussell\n\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u601d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u2018\u9019\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u505a\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u2019\u201d\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a Terence\uff0c\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u5974\u96b8\uff08\u7576\u7136\u5c0d\u90aa\u60e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\u201d\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u6703\u8aaa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8072\u660e\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6574\u500b Being Evil \u4e2d\uff0cRussell \u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u5b83\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5f85\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u200b\u200b\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u56db\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u60e1\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\uff1b\u7528Hannah Arendt \u6709\u529b\u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\uff1f\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e36\u9818\u6211\u5011\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u2026\u2026\u3002 .\n.\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7af6\u722d\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u793a\u4f8b\u9032\u884c\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002\u9019\u5728\u4ed6\u5c0d Stanley Milgram 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u670d\u5f9e\u6b0a\u5a01\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6700\u70ba\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u7d44\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u53e6\u4e00\u7d44\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u65bd\u52a0\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u96fb\u64ca\uff1bRussell \u5229\u7528\u7d50\u679c\u8b49\u660e\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u662f\u60e1\u4eba\u6240\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u540c\u8b00\u554f\u984c\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63db\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cMilgram \u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7a0d\u5fae\u958b\u653e\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\u7684\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u88cf\uff0c\u8a72\u5be6\u9a57\u56e0\u5176\u6a19\u6e96\u72f9\u7a84\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8a55\uff1b\u901a\u904e\u6839\u64da\u670d\u5f9e\uff08\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u670d\u5f9e\uff09\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\uff0cMilgrim \u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u8868\u9054\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u7b49\u7d30\u5fae\u5dee\u5225\u3002Russell \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u7d66\u5b83\u756b\u4e00\u500b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u537b\u5f9e\u672a\u5145\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9707\u64bc\u548c\u656c\u754f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u8003\u616e\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5947\u602a\u7684\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u3002 \u201c\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u201dRussell \u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u9078\u64c7\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5584\u826f\u800c\u8070\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5584\u826f\u800c\u8070\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u5c31\u50cf\u90aa\u60e1\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6703\u8003\u616e\u662f\u5426\u8981\u6bba\u6b7b\u7121\u8f9c\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u62ff\u8d70\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9322\uff0c\u201dRussell\n\u5beb\u9053\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u554f\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u5fb7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7121\u8f9c\u201d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8a5e\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u90fd\u8655\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u6bb5\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u90aa\u60e1\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u6545\u610f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6211\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6545\u610f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u72c2\u71b1\u8005\u548c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff1f\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u53d7\u9a19\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u8b8a\u614b\u5462\uff1fRussell \u99c1\u65a5\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u64d4\u6182\u3002 \u201c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60a3\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u8981\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u627f\u64d4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u9053\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8b8a\u614b\u9023\u74b0\u6bba\u624b\u901a\u5e38\u78ba\u5be6\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8207\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u7b28\u624b\u7b28\u8173\u7684\u50bb\u74dc\u662f\u8a87\u5f35\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cRussell \u904e\u65bc\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u5c0d\u90aa\u60e1\u6c92\u6709\u653e\u4e4b\u56db\u6d77\u800c\u7686\u6e96\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1b\u9019\u65e2\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u5f9e\u672a\u611f\u5230\u61a4\u6012\u6df9\u6c92\u4e86\u6211\u5011\uff1f\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u5f9e\u672a\u88ab\u60e1\u610f\u7684\u617e\u671b\u6240\u8a98\u60d1\uff1f\u9019\u7a2e\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u5728 \u201cBeing\nEvil\u201d \u4e2d\u7f3a\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u61c8\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u96e3\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u96e3\u984c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d50\u3002 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Luke Russell \u5728 Being Evil: A Philosophical Perspective \u958b\u59cb\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201cDoes evil exist?\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u76f4\u7387\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002\u90aa\u60e1\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f88\u96e3\u6b78\u985e\u3002\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u60e1\u884c\uff1f\u60e1\u4eba\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u795e\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u9084\u662f\u653f\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\uff1f \u201c\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\uff0c\u201dRussell \u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u5230\u6492\u4f46\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5011\u72af\u7f6a\u3002 . . .\u4f7f\u7528\u90aa\u60e1\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u5ba2\u6709\u6642\u6703\u88ab\u6307\u8cac\u57f9\u990a\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u6c1b\u570d\uff1b\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u717d\u52d5\u61a4\u6012\u7684\u66b4\u6c11\uff0c\u717d\u52d5\u8086\u610f\u7834\u58de\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u9019\u7247\u98a8\u666f\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u9192\u548c\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002 \u4e0d\u904e\uff0cRussell \u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u4e26\u4e0d\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u662f\u52d9\u5be6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u6089\u5c3c\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc 2014 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\uff0cEvil: A Philosophical Investigation\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u672c\u65b0\u66f8\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6f14\u7b97\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u5b83\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u7834\u60e1\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u679c\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b58\u5728\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u3002\u60f3\u60f3\u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d\u6216\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3002\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u4e00\u500b\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u4e00\u800c\u518d\u541e\uff08\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9e\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u60f3\u541e\u4f75\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u800c\u5c45\u7136\u9084\u6709\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u7121\u8f9c\u8005\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u662f\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4f7f\u6b64\u985e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u3002 \u201c\u90aa\u60e1\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u3001\u55ae\u8abf\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\uff0c\u201dRussell \u5805\u6301\u8aaa\u3002 \u201c\u90aa\u60e1\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u60e1\u662f\u6709\u5340\u5225\u7684\u3002\u201d\u96d6\u7136\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ef\u80fd\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8aaa\u4e00\u500b\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u201dRussell \u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u601d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u2018\u9019\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u505a\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u2019\u201d\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a Terence\uff0c\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u5974\u96b8\uff08\u7576\u7136\u5c0d\u90aa\u60e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\u201d\uff1f \u6211\u6703\u8aaa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8072\u660e\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6574\u500b Being Evil \u4e2d\uff0cRussell \u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u5b83\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5f85\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u200b\u200b\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u56db\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u60e1\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\uff1b\u7528Hannah Arendt \u6709\u529b\u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\uff1f\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e36\u9818\u6211\u5011\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u2026\u2026\u3002 . .\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7af6\u722d\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u793a\u4f8b\u9032\u884c\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002\u9019\u5728\u4ed6\u5c0d &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/03\/23\/being-evil-a-philosophical-perspective\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2i6","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8810"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8811,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8810\/revisions\/8811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}