Immanuel Kant \uff081724-1804 \u5e74\uff09\u7684\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u300b\uff08The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals\uff0c1785 \u5e74\uff09\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u672c\u5c0f\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u8a66\u5716 \u201c\u5c0b\u627e\u201d \u548c \u201c\u78ba\u7acb\u201d \u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\u3002 \u4ed6\u7121\u610f\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6 \u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6b0a\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u5728Groundwork \u4e2d\uff0cKant \u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6548\u7528\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7406\u6027\u3002 \u5728 Kant \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u670d\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u672c\u66f8The Metaphysics of Morals (Kant 1991) \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9019\u5305\u62ec Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u3002 H. J. Paton \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e2d\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002
\n\u82f1\u8b6f\u9664\u4e86 H. J. Paton \u5916\uff0c\u6240\u77e5\u5c1a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u8b6f\u672c\uff1a
\nAllen W. Wood, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Yale UP (2002)
\nChristoph Horn, Dieter Schonecker, Corinna Mieth Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Walter de Gruyter 2006
\nHenry E. Allison, Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals: A Commentary. OUP 2011
\nJens Timmermann, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals_ A German-English Edition-CUP (2011)
\nJens Timmermann, Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals_ A Commentary-Cambridge University Press (2007)
\nLara Denis, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Broadview Press (2005)
\nMary Gregor, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. CUP 1998
\nPaul Guyer, Critical essays on the classics Kant’s Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals: critical essays. Rowman & Littlefield 1998
\nPaul Guyer, Kant’s ‘Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals’_ A Reader’ Guide-Continuum (2007)
\nSally Sedgwick, Kant\u2019s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals_ An Introduction-CUP 2008
\nThomas Kingsmill Abbott, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals .1785
\n\u7530\u529b\u82d7\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u539f\u7406. \u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11. 1968
\n\u674e\u79cb\u96f6\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa. \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78. 2013
\n\u7ae0\u6587\u65b0\/\u8b1d\u6276\u96c5\uff0c\u5eb7\u5f97\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78
\n\u5510\u94ba\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b66\u63a2\u672c. \u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986 2012
\n\u674e\u660e\u8f1d\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5e95\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e4b\u57fa\u790e. \u806f\u7d93 1990
\n\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5e95\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247. \u53f0\u7063\u5b78\u751f.
\n\u5b83\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f86\u81ea\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002
\n\u5584\u610f\u8207\u8cac\u4efb The Good Will and Duty
\n\u5584\u610f\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u70ba\u8077\u8cac\u800c\u884c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5584\u610f\u884c\u4e8b\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002 \u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8cac\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u547d\u984c
\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5224\u65b7\u70ba\u5584\u3002 \u9019\u662f Kant \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u547d\u984c\u3002 \u51fa\u65bc\u8cac\u4efb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u540c\u60c5\u800c\u884c\u52d5\u66f4\u597d\u3002 \uff08\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa Kant \u5c07\u540c\u60c5\u8996\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46 H. J. Paton \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa Kant \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u540c\u60c5\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u8aaa\u50c5\u8cac\u4efb\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\u3002
\n
\n\u51fa\u65bc\u8cac\u4efb\u800c\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u5177\u6709\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u662f Kant \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u5f37\u8abf\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u683c\u8a00\u4e2d\u9673\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002 \u683c\u8a00\u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u8207\u5ba2\u89c0\u898f\u5247\u76f8\u5c0d\u3002 \u57fa\u65bc\u683c\u8a00\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u57fa\u65bc\u898f\u5247\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u7d50\u679c\u5728\u5584\u610f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\n
\n\u656c\u754f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c31\u662f\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 \u9019\u662f Kant \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u547d\u984c\u3002 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002
\n
\n\u201c\u6211\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u6211\u4e5f\u9858\u610f\u6211\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u689d\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u201d
\n\u9019\u88ab Kant \u8996\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5247\u90fd\u6e90\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6e96\u5247\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u6839\u64da\u5b83\u4f86\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002
\n\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\uff1aPassage from Popular Moral Philosophy to a Metaphysic of Morals
\n\u5f9e\u901a\u4fd7\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u904e\u6e21
\n\u5927\u773e\u54f2\u5b78\uff08\u5373\u50c5\u57fa\u65bc\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff09\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u5148\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u4ed6\u5c07\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002 \u4ed6\u5f9e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6309\u7167\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u6309\u7167\u539f\u5247\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u610f\u9858\u6216\u5be6\u969b\u539f\u56e0\u884c\u4e8b\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5c07\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u53d7\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6839\u64da Kant \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u539f\u5247\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u6709\u610f\u9858\u7684\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u4e8b\u3002 \u610f\u5fd7\u4f7f\u5979\u6210\u70ba\u5fc5\u8981\uff1a\u5b83\u9a45\u52d5\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u7a2e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u3002 \u5b83\u9084\u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\uff08\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u8a72\uff09\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u662f\u201c\u6211\u61c9\u8a72\u2026\u2026\u201d\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u3002
\n2) \u5be9\u614e\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684 counsels of prudence are analytic
\n\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6280\u80fd\u898f\u5247\u548c\u5be9\u614e\u5efa\u8b70\u662f\u7531\u6240\u610f\u9858\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u884c\u52d5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u662f\u7d9c\u5408\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4efb\u52d9\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u9a57\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u611f\u5b98\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u3002
\n Kant \u5c07\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u63a8\u9072\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\u3002
\n
\n\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u5176\u5404\u7a2e\u516c\u5f0f The Categorical Imperative and Its Various Formulae
\n\u5047\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c Kant \u5617\u8a66\u8457\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\uff1a
\n\u201c\u53ea\u6309\u7167\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u666e\u904d\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u201d
\n
\n\u9019\u7576\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u6027\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u9810\u793a\u3002\u6e96\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u8207\u5ba2\u89c0\u539f\u5247\u6216\u5be6\u8e10\u6cd5\u5247\u76f8\u5c0d\u3002
\n
\n\u6839\u64da H. J. Paton \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u523b\uff0c Kant \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u63a1\u53d6\u67d0\u7a2e\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u671f\u671b\u81ea\u7531\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f37\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u793e\u6703\u662f\u5426\u6703\u8655\u65bc\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\u4e26\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u81ea\u7531\uff1f
\n
\nKant \u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\uff08\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\uff09\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u516c\u5f0fFormula of the Law of Nature\uff1a
\n
\n\u201c\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6e96\u5247\u662f\u901a\u904e\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u6210\u70ba\u666e\u904d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u201d\u3002
\n
\n\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002 \u9019\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46 H. J. Paton \u6307\u51fa\uff08\u9019\u5c0d\u5f8c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\uff09 Kant \u5c0d\u4ec0\u9ebc\u69cb\u6210\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\u4e86\u3002 \uff08 Kant \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u9055\u80cc\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u7136\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6309\u7167\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u660e\u78ba\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u2014\u2014\u5927\u591a\u6578\u81ea\u7136\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u662f\u53cd\u8907\u8a66\u9a57\uff09\u3002
\n
\nH. J. Paton \u5c0d Kant \u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u516c\u5f0f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a
\n \u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u6fc0\u60c5\u6216\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u5584\u826f\u7684\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u201d\u3002 [\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u6a23\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u74b0\u4fdd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u3002 \u591a\u767c\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c7]
\n
\n
\n\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u548c\u7e3d\u7d50\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u8aaa\u904e\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u4f86\u555f\u52d5\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c Kant \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u8209\u63aa\uff1a
\n
\n\u201c\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u9084\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u7e3d\u662f\u5c0d\u5f85\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u8981\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u7e3d\u662f\u540c\u6642\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u3002
\n
\n\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u516c\u5f0f Formula of the End in Itself\u3002 \u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\/\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u884c\u52d5\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a8\u8ad6\u5047\u5b9a\u5728\u5176\u7ba1\u8f44\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5c07\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u9054\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\/\u5979\u505a\u4ed6\/\u5979\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u500b\u4eba\u88ab\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7528\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9055\u80cc\u76ee\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6467\u6bc0\u5b83\u6240\u57fa\u65bc\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u9055\u80cc\u539f\u59cb\u516c\u5f0f\u3002
\n
\n\u70ba\u4e86\u8aaa\u660e\u76ee\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c Kant \u901a\u904e\u8207\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08\u898b\u4e0a\u6587\uff09\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8aaa\u660e\u3002 H. J. Paton \u6307\u51fa\uff08 Kant \u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff09\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002 Kant \u6c92\u6709\u8655\u7406\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002
\n
\n\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7248\u672c\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u6cbb\u516c\u5f0f the Formula of Autonomy\uff1a
\n \u201c\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u901a\u904e\u5176\u884c\u52d5\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u8996\u70ba\u88fd\u5b9a\u666e\u904d\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u201d
\n
\n\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5f9e\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u901a\u904e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u50b3\u64ad\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002 H. J. Paton \u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u670d\u5f9e\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u8868\u9054\u3002\u201d
\n
\n\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u516c\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u9673\u8ff0\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3002 \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u9084\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002
\n
\n\u76ee\u7684\u738b\u570b\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff08\u6216\u64f4\u5c55\uff09\uff1a
\n \u201c\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u662f\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u6210\u70ba\u672b\u65e5\u738b\u570b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u201d
\n
\n\u9019\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u9032\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\u3002 \u5b83\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u7fa4\u500b\u9ad4\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u6cbb\u516c\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u738b\u570b\u3002 \u8a72\u738b\u570b\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u90fd\u6709\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6216\u50f9\u503c\u3002
\n\u53ea\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u7f8e\u5fb7\u624d\u80fd\u8ce6\u4e88\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u4f5c\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u738b\u570b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u503c\u6216\u4ed6\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u50f9\u503c\uff08\u6216\u7f8e\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3002
\n
\n\u57fa\u65bc\u4ed6\u5f8b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u8b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n
\n\u81ea\u6cbb\u539f\u5247\uff08\u5373\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6839\u64da\u5ba2\u89c0\u9053\u5fb7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u9858\u671b\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u9700\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c Kant \u63a8\u9072\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u57fa\u65bc \u4ed6\u5f8b\uff08\u5373\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u9858\u671b\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5ba2\u89c0\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff09\u3002
\n
\n\u4ed6\u5f8b\u8207\u81ea\u6cbb\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u6280\u80fd\u898f\u5247\u548c\u5be9\u614e\u5efa\u8b70\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5f8b\u539f\u5247\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7d93\u9a57\u6027\u7684\uff08\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff08\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff09\u3002 \u6210\u70ba\u597d\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u3002 Kant \uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5efa\u8b70\u4e0d\u8981\u5c07\u5e78\u798f\u8207\u5584\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002 \u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7121\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u4f46 Kant \u8aaa\u5b83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u57f9\u990a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u76e1\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8077\u8cac\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc Kant \u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u7531\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u5fc5\u9808\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u9ad8\u8655\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u4f86\u6e90\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u3002
\n
\n\u4ed6\u5f8b\u539f\u5247\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u3002 \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u7531\u63a8\u7406\u4e26\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002
\n
\n\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52d9
\n
\nKant \uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u7406\u6027\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u4e3b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u4e3b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u50c5\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c31\u6703\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u5176\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u7d9c\u5408\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u547d\u984c\u3002
\n\u9019\u5c07\u5728\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\u4e2d\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 Outline of a Critique of Practical reason \u5be6\u8e10\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u6982\u8ff0
\n
\n\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u53f0\u7403\u767c\u751f\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u6839\u64da\u725b\u9813\u904b\u52d5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u2014\u2014\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u5f71\u97ff\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u7d50\u679c\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u96e3\u9810\u6e2c\u3002 \u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u9810\u8a2d\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9053\u5fb7\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c31\u6703\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8a2d\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u55ce\uff1f
\n
\n\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u55ce\uff1f \u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u8996\u70ba\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u56b4\u683c\u7406\u6027\u5730\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u90fd\u5047\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u6cbb\u539f\u5247\u3002
\n
\n\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff1fWhy Have An Interest in Morality?
\n
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8105\u8feb\u4e0b\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8208\u8da3\u5462\uff1f \u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u8981\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u4e5f\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u55ce\uff1f
\n
\n\u9019\u88e1\u5b58\u5728\u9677\u5165\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7d66\u4f60\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u6703\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u7531\u55ce\uff1f \u9084\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u7531\uff1f \u54ea\u500b\u5148\u4f86\uff1f
\n
\n\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u56f0\u5883\uff0c Kant \u63d0\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7acb\u5834\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u8996\u70ba\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002 \u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u7528\u611f\u5b98\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u5177\u6709\u5916\u89c0\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\uff08\u8207\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u3002 \u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5047\u8a2d\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u611f\u77e5\u7684\uff08\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff08\u672c\u9ad4\u7684\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u7269\u9ad4\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n
\n\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u6210\u70ba\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u3001\u6703\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08 Kant \u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\uff09\u7684\u5916\u8868\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u8207\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u6167\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5 Kant \u8a8d\u70ba\u80fd\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u5916\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u4ed6\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u8868\u662f\u5f9e\u4ed6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4e8c\u968e\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u601d\u7dad\u80fd\u529b\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u7406 \u770b\u6cd5\u3002
\n
\n\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7bc4\u7587\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u7406\u6027\u898f\u5247\u70ba\u5176\u4e16\u754c\u5e36\u4f86\u79e9\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u5c0d\u65bc\u7269\u7406\u6216\u73fe\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7bc4\u7587\u5728\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7d14\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u4e2d\u8a73\u76e1\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002 Kant \u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6216\u672c\u9ad4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u7406\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u611f\u89ba\u6578\u64da\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u806f\u7e6b\u3002
\nKant \u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5206\u8996\u70ba\u64fa\u812b\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u81ea\u7531\u5728\u982d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5728\u4e16\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9075\u5b88\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1b \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9075\u5b88\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u3002
\n
\n\u56de\u5230\u672c\u7bc0\u958b\u982d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8105\u8feb\u4e0b\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff1f \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u8981\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u4e5f\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u55ce\uff1f \u9019\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u79e9\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b49\u5b83\u3002
\n
\n\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff1fHow Is a Categorical Imperative Possible?
\n
\nKant \u901a\u904e\u8072\u7a31\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u5fc5\u9808\u5b58\u5728\u806f\u7e6b\u4f86\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u540c\u6642\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u5305\u542b\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u53ca\u5176\u898f\u5f8b\u3002 \u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u4f86\u81ea\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u6211\u61c9\u8a72\u2026\u2026\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u201c\u6211\u61c9\u8a72\u2026\u2026\u201d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u81ea\u7d55\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 Kant \u751a\u81f3\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u9053\u5fb7\u601d\u8003\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7121\u8cf4\u4e5f\u6709\u826f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6703\u5ffd\u7565\u826f\u5fc3\u5728\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 [\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u60e1\u68cd\u5c07\u610f\u5fd7\u81ea\u7531\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5c0d\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8003\u616e\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u51fa\u65bc\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u751f\u7406\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u7121\u8996\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u5b83\u7684\u547c\u7c72\u3002]
\n
\n\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c Kant \u8003\u616e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8c\u5f8b\u80cc\u53cd\u6216\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002
\n
\n\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9084\u662f\u5f9e\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5169\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u60f3\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7406\u667a\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u6211\u5011\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u3001\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5408\u8b00\u53cd\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002
\n
\n\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u667a\u6167\u4e16\u754c What Is the Intelligible World?
\nKant \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8ddf\u9032\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u96e2\u984c\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u55ce\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u55ce\uff1f
\n
\n\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u7de8\u7e82\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u662f\u865b\u7121\uff1b \u4e0d\u88ab\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u66c9\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8a2d\u5b83\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\u6709\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002 \u4ed6\u53ea\u5c07\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u8996\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u50be\u5411\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u50be\u5411\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u8a98\u60d1\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u601d\u8003\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002
\n
\n\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c Kant \u8aaa\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u8868\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 \u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u5ff5\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4f86\u81ea\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4f86\u6700\u7d42\u5224\u65b7\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u5462\uff1f \u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u800c\u6709\u6548\u3002 \u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n\u4f46 Kant \u4ecd\u4e0d\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u50c5\u6191\u7406\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a
\n\u2022 \u7d14\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\uff08\u5728\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u7406\u6027\uff08\u5728\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528 \u00b7 how pure reason (in the sensible world ) can be used alongside practical reason (in the intelligible world)
\n\u2022 \u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u9053\u5fb7\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684 \u00b7 how we can see moral interests as valid
\n
\nKant \u6392\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c6c\u65bc\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u8b70\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u50c5\u50c5\u57fa\u65bc\u611f\u6027\u52d5\u6a5f\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u62d2\u7d55\u8aaa\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u5148\u9a57\u7684\uff1b \u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u5ff5\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\uff08\u548c\u4ed6\uff09\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u662f\u5148\u9a57\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\u3002
\n
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5230\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u6975\u9650\u3002 \u81ea\u7531\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u6b62\u65bc\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6975\u9650\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u5e6b\u52a9\u78ba\u5b9a\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u3002 Kant \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u738b\u570b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eba\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eba\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\n
\n\u7d50\u675f\u8a9e
\n
\n H. J. Paton \u8aaa Kant \u201c\u7e3d\u662f\u5c0b\u6c42\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u201d\u3002 \u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4f86\u958b\u59cb\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002
\n
\nKant \u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u5c0e\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u300a\u7d14\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\u5c0e\u81f4\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5247\u201d\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u662f\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u62d2\u7d55\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u5f9e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7406\u667a\u4e16\u754c\u8de8\u8d8a\u5230\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u3002
\n\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u300a\u5be6\u8e10\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u300b\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Immanuel Kant \uff081724-1804 \u5e74\uff09\u7684\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u300b\uff08The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals\uff0c1785 \u5e74\uff09\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u672c\u5c0f\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u8a66\u5716 \u201c\u5c0b\u627e\u201d \u548c \u201c\u78ba\u7acb\u201d \u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\u3002 \u4ed6\u7121\u610f\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6 \u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6b0a\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u5728Groundwork \u4e2d\uff0cKant \u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6548\u7528\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7406\u6027\u3002 \u5728 Kant \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u670d\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u672c\u66f8The Metaphysics of Morals (Kant 1991) \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u9019\u5305\u62ec Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u3002 H. J. Paton \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e2d\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002 \u82f1\u8b6f\u9664\u4e86 H. J. Paton \u5916\uff0c\u6240\u77e5\u5c1a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u8b6f\u672c\uff1a … Continue reading