{"id":8856,"date":"2023-04-14T05:29:25","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T05:29:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8856"},"modified":"2023-04-14T05:29:32","modified_gmt":"2023-04-14T05:29:32","slug":"process-and-reality-an-essay-in-cosmology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/04\/14\/process-and-reality-an-essay-in-cosmology\/","title":{"rendered":"Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1928 \u5e74 6 \u6708 1 \u65e5\uff0c\u611b\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u64e0\u6eff\u4e86\u6eff\u61f7\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u807d\u773e\uff0c\u8046\u807d\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u65b0\u4efb\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u6388 Alfred North Whitehead \u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95dc\u65bc\u201c\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u201d\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5957 Gifford \u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u514d\u8cbb\u5411\u516c\u773e\u958b\u653e\u3002 \u4e0a\u4e00\u7d44\u7531 Sir Arthur Eddington \u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4ed4\u7d30\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u65b0\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u3002 \u90a3\u662f\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002 Eddington \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u624d\u83ef\u6a6b\u6ea2\u7684\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff0c\u8aaa\u8a71\u5f88\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002 1919\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7387\u9818\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\u70ba\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u3002 \u6b21\u5e74\u8acb\u6b78\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u61c9\u5141\u3002 Whitehead \u66fe\u8207 Bertrand Russell \u5408\u4f5c\u7de8\u5beb\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u7fa9\u7684 Principia Mathematica<\/em> (1910-13)\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bd4\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9084\u8981\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d44\u7e54\u8005\u8f49\u800c\u8acb\u4f86\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002 \u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u71b1\u5207\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002 \u5ea7\u7121\u865b\u5e2d\u7684\u807d\u773e\u7b49\u5f85\u958b\u609f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5373\u5c07\u5927\u5931\u6240\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5802\u8ab2\u7684\u51fa\u5e2d\u4eba\u6578\u5f9e\u516d\u767e\u4eba\u6e1b\u5c11\u5230\u516d\u4eba\uff0c Whitehead \u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u54c8\u4f5b\u5b78\u751f\u8aaa\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u5805\u6301\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u5341\u5802\u8ab2\u3002 \u89c0\u773e\u9003\u96e2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u770b\u7cfb\u5217\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5f8c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u66f8\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002”Process and Reality (1929)<\/a> “\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u96e3\u7684\u66f8\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \uff08\u5b83\u7684\u5167\u5728\u56f0\u96e3\u56e0 Whitehead \u6839\u672c\u61f6\u5f97\u6821\u5c0d\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e86 200 \u591a\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u6bd4 Whitehead \u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7684 Plato \u7684 Republic <\/em>\u6587\u672c \u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\uff09\u00a0Bertrand Russell\u00a0\u81ea\u5df1\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u6666\u6f80\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u5f9e\u672a\u6210\u529f\u7406\u89e3\u904e\u3002\u201d \u5728”Process and Reality (1929) “\u4e2d\uff0c Whitehead \u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u5957\u7d9c\u5408\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u539f\u5275\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u5802\u8ab2\u4e3b\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e00\u9577\u4e32\u985e\u5225\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u9ad8\u4ea2\u3001\u55ae\u8abf\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\u5411\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9a5a\u6115\u7684\u807d\u773e\u6717\u8b80\u3002 \u6703\u8b70\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5f8c\u4f86\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66\u4ed6\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u6c92\u6709\u898b\u904e Whitehead \uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u6b21\u6f14\u8b1b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9a19\u5b50\u7684\u9a19\u5c40\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u58ef\u89c0\u7684\u864e\u982d\u86c7\u5c3e\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u61f7\u7279\u6d77\u54f2\u5b78\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7e2e\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u65bc 1861 \u5e74 2 \u6708 15 \u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u5728 Kent \u90e1\u7684 Isle of Thanet \u5cf6\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u8056\u516c\u6703\u7267\u5e2b\u7684\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u982d\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u5e73\u6de1\u7121\u5947\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u540d\u5929\u624d\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7576\u9078\u70ba\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u4e09\u4e00\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u7576\u9583\u96fb\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8972\u4f86\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\u904e\u4e0a\u4e86\u8212\u9069\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576 Russell\u00a0\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u6642\uff0c Whitehead \u5c0d Russell\u00a0\u7279\u5225\u53cb\u5584\u3002 Russell\u00a0\u65bc 1895 \u5e74\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u8fd4\u56de\u4e09\u4e00\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6500\u767b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5c71\u5cf0\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4f4d\u5e74\u9577\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u4ed6\u6210\u70ba\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3002 \u9019\u5c0d\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u642d\u6a94\u4e00\u8d77\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u6578\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u908f\u8f2f\u57fa\u790e\u2014\u2014\u9019\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u6700\u7d42\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u00a0“Principia Mathematica<\/a>“<\/em>\uff0c\u4e26\u6c38\u9060\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6578\u5b78\u908f\u8f2f\u3002 \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u4f46\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u6500\u5ca9\u8005\u554f\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u5e74\u963f\u723e\u5351\u65af\u767b\u5c71\u8005\u662f\u5426\u9858\u610f\u53bb\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c1a\u672a\u6500\u767b\u904e\u7684\u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u746a\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u6027\u683c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u3002 Russell \u4ee5\u5929\u8ce6\u548c\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u9818\u5148\uff0c Whitehead \u7dca\u96a8\u5176\u5f8c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6280\u8853\u3001\u8010\u529b\u548c\u9811\u5f37\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\u3002 \u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u65b7\u65b7\u7e8c\u7e8c\u5730\u4f54\u64da\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f88\u9806\u5229\u3002 \u4f46\u5728 1901 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014 Russell \u96c6\u5408\u6096\u8ad6 [\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6210\u54e1\uff1f] \u9019\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\u6e90\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u53c3\u7167\uff0c\u4e26\u8b49\u660e\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u514b\u670d\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u88ab\u8ffd\u5c0b\u4e86\u5169\u5e74\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8b93 Russell \u7d55\u671b\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fee\u88dc\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u640d\u5bb3\u4e86\u70ba\u6578\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u7121\u53ef\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6578\u5b78\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d Whitehead \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u201d\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u56db\u5377\u5c08\u8457\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u88ab\u653e\u68c4\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u53ea\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c “Principia Mathematica” <\/em>\u9084\u662f\u5c0d\u6578\u7406\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 Principia \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002 Russell \u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u4e09\u4e00\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u6416\u6efe\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u800c Whitehead \u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u54e1\u3002 \u4ed6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6539\u8b8a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 Principia \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u53f2\u8a69\u822c\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u800c\u5ee3\u53d7\u8b9a\u8b7d\u3002 \u5c31\u5728\u4ed6 63 \u6b72\u751f\u65e5\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u9577\u5bc4\u4f86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a62\u554f\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u3002 \u5728 Whitehead \u672c\u8a72\u8003\u616e\u5f9e\u4e00\u4efd\u4ed6\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u7e41\u91cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u4e4b\u4e00\u70ba\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u8077\u696d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u64d4\u4efb\u904e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8077\u4f4d\u3002 \u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u767c\u51fa\u50b3\u7968\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7a31\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u540d \u201c\u696d\u9918\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u201c\u66f8\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\u201d\u3002 \u4f46\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u6500\u767b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8654\u8aa0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8457\u624b\u5c07\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7f6e\u65bc\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u516c\u7406\u5316\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4 “Process and Reality ” \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5426\u8a8d\u4ed6\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u4e2d\u6240\u73cd\u8996\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u8271\u9245\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c”Process and Reality “\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u3002 \u904e\u7a0b\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ecd\u7136\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u52e4\u596e\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7dad\u6301\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u53e4\u4ee3\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8a72\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u601d\u8fa8\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u5b83\u8a66\u5716\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u3001\u5408\u4e4e\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u601d\u60f3\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u64da\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u201d\uff08p 3 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7406\u89e3\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u548c\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5448\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u9762\u524d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002 \u9019\u7121\u7591\u662f\u7406\u89e3 Alfred North Whitehead \u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u601d\u8fa8\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cWhitehead \u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0b\u5e38\u3002 \u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u904e\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e26\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u95dc\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728 63 \u6b72\u9032\u5165\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u5beb\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u6642\u9593\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u986f Whitehead \u6700\u65e9\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u95dc\u6ce8\u9ede\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u96a8\u8457 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c16\u92b3\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u4ed6\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5c08\u9580\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u30021 \u9019\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1917 \u5e74\u7684\u201dThe Organization of Thought\u201d\u30011919 \u5e74\u95dc\u65bc \u201cAn Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural knowledge<\/a>\u201d \u548c 1920 \u5e74\u7684 \u201cThe Concept of Nature\u201d\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6709 1925 \u5e74\u7684 \u201dScience and the Modern World<\/a>\u201d \u548c 1929 \u5e74\u7684 \u201cProcess and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology\u201d\u3002 Whitehead \u5c0d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u71b1\u611b\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3002Javier Monserrat (Whitehead on Process Philosophy and Theology: Cosmos and Kenosis of Divinityin Pensamiento, p 824) \u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576 Whitehead \u958b\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002 \u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8de8\u754c\u9032\u5165\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u5fb9\u5e95\u985b\u8986\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207\u4e4b\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002 \u4ed6\u7528 Whitehead \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u65b7\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u79d1\u5b78\u8981\u6c42\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6539\u9020\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u201c\u73fe\u4ee3\u201d\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whitehead \u4e00\u76f4\u7559\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 1947 \u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u2014\u2014\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u885d\u64ca\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002 \u8981\u4e0d\u662f Russell \u7684\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7121\u805e\u7684\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3002 Russell \u96e2\u958b\u528d\u6a4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u502b\u6566\u7d50\u675f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u8853\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b78\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u611b\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u5beb\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u95dc\u65bc\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u5152\u5b50 Eric \u65bc 1918 \u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u9663\u4ea1\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u7652\u5408\u7684\u50b7\u53e3\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u672a\u80fd\u5728”  Principia Mathematica”<\/em> \u4e2d\u70ba\u4ed6\u6240\u71b1\u611b\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5efa\u7acb\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 “Process and Reality”<\/em> \u4e2d\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e0d\u673d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u9805\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 Process & Reality (1929) \u4e2d\uff0cWhitehead \u50cf\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u5728\u5c55\u958b\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u4e4b\u524d\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u672a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u548c\u516c\u7406\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e00\u7d44\u4ed6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u201c\u7bc4\u7587 categories\u201d \u7684 45 \u500b\u985e\u5225\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u70ba\uff1a\u7d42\u6975 Ultimate\u3001\u5b58\u5728 Existence\u3001\u89e3\u91cb Explanation \u548c\u7fa9\u52d9 Obligation\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u985e\u89e3\u91cb\u65b7\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u5b83\u5c6c\u65bc\u201c\u5b58\u5728 being\u201d\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5c07\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u5177\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u601d\u8fa8\u79d1\u5b78\u6642\uff0cWhitehead \u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u7f6e\u65bc\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u8a66\u5716\u901a\u904e\u5f9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5f9e \u201c\u5076\u7136 accidental\u201d \u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61 \u201c\u672c\u8cea essential\u201d \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u64da Whitehead \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u751f\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6216\u4e4b\u5916\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c07 Whitehead \u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u904e\u5ea6\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c92\u6709\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u73fe\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u8207\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u6216\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5e73\u8861\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u5c0d Whitehead \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u5916\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u610f\u5916\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cWhitehead \u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba \u201c\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u54f2\u5b78 philosophy of organism\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whitehead \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u5177\u985b\u8986\u6027\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u6700\u70ba\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c38\u6046\u3001\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6027\u548c\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc Whitehead \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u63f4\u5f15\u4ee5\u633d\u6551\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5d29\u6f70\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u699c\u6a23\u201d\uff08 p 343 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u548c\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6027\u6070\u6070\u5728\u65bc\u6f5b\u5728\u6027\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u6027\u7684\u7121\u9650\u548c\u7121\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u65e2\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u842c\u7269\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8003\u616e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u7d44\u7121\u9650\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6bcf\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\u964c\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c \u201cProcess and Reality\u201d  <\/em>\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u985b\u8986\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u2014\u2014\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u773c\u775b\u53ea\u80fd\u50cf\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u4e00\u6a23\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u78ba\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u7b26\u865f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u8a2a\u554f\u5b83\u3002Whitehead \u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u602a\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u7570\u570b\u60c5\u8abf\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u61a4\u6012\u548c\u6575\u610f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u4f7f Whitehead \u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u61f7\u7279\u6d77\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb3\u6015 \u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u8b8a\u5316 inescapable flux\u201d\uff08 p 209\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u980c\u63da\u904e\u7a0b\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u5c0d\u842c\u7269\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u59a5\u5354\u627f\u8afe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cWhitehead \u63d0\u51fa\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u201c\u5be6\u969b\u5834\u5408 actual occasions\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u539f\u5b50\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002 Whitehead \u5c07\u5b87\u5b99\u5206\u6790\u70ba\u7d93\u9a57\u55ae\u5143\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\/\u5fc3\u667a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u201c\u7d44\u5408 grouping\u201d\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4f46Whitehead \u901a\u904e\u6d88\u9664\u7269\u8cea\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u4f86\u62d2\u7d55\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f \u201c\u6cdb\u5fc3\u8ad6 panpsychism\u201d [\u842c\u7269\u7686\u6709\u89ba\u77e5]\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6bcf\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u904e\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u751f\u3002 \u9019\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5f9e\u56b4\u683c\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e72\u9810\u8207\u5168\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u9019\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u770b\u5f85\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u65b7\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u65b7\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff1a\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4f60\u548c\u660e\u5929\u7684\u4f60\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whitehead \u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8207 \u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9 scientific materialism\u201d \u76f8\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Whitehead \u975e\u5e38\u5c0a\u91cd\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u66ff\u4ee3\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5c0d\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u504f\u611b\u6e90\u65bc\u5176\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6548\u7528\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0cWhitehead \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b78\u5305\u542b\u5c0d\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6839\u64da\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\uff09\u610f\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5fc5\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1928 \u5e74 6 \u6708 1 \u65e5\uff0c\u611b\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u64e0\u6eff\u4e86\u6eff\u61f7\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u807d\u773e\uff0c\u8046\u807d\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u65b0\u4efb\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u6388 Alfred North Whitehead \u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95dc\u65bc\u201c\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u201d\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5957 Gifford \u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u514d\u8cbb\u5411\u516c\u773e\u958b\u653e\u3002 \u4e0a\u4e00\u7d44\u7531 Sir Arthur Eddington \u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4ed4\u7d30\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u65b0\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u3002 \u90a3\u662f\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002 Eddington \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u624d\u83ef\u6a6b\u6ea2\u7684\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff0c\u8aaa\u8a71\u5f88\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002 1919\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7387\u9818\u7684\u63a2\u96aa\u968a\u70ba\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u3002 \u6b21\u5e74\u8acb\u6b78\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u61c9\u5141\u3002 Whitehead \u66fe\u8207 Bertrand Russell \u5408\u4f5c\u7de8\u5beb\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u7fa9\u7684 Principia Mathematica (1910-13)\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bd4\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9084\u8981\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d44\u7e54\u8005\u8f49\u800c\u8acb\u4f86\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002 \u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u71b1\u5207\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002 \u5ea7\u7121\u865b\u5e2d\u7684\u807d\u773e\u7b49\u5f85\u958b\u609f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5373\u5c07\u5927\u5931\u6240\u671b\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5802\u8ab2\u7684\u51fa\u5e2d\u4eba\u6578\u5f9e\u516d\u767e\u4eba\u6e1b\u5c11\u5230\u516d\u4eba\uff0c Whitehead \u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u54c8\u4f5b\u5b78\u751f\u8aaa\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u5805\u6301\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u5341\u5802\u8ab2\u3002 \u89c0\u773e\u9003\u96e2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u770b\u7cfb\u5217\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5f8c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u66f8\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002”Process and Reality (1929) “\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u96e3\u7684\u66f8\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \uff08\u5b83\u7684\u5167\u5728\u56f0\u96e3\u56e0 Whitehead \u6839\u672c\u61f6\u5f97\u6821\u5c0d\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e86 200 \u591a\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u6bd4 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2iQ","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8856"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8857,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8856\/revisions\/8857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}