{"id":8860,"date":"2023-04-17T23:50:31","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T23:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8860"},"modified":"2023-04-19T05:07:49","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T05:07:49","slug":"a-philosophy-of-cinematic-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/04\/17\/a-philosophy-of-cinematic-art\/","title":{"rendered":"A Philosophy of Cinematic Art"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Berys Gaut \u7684\u512a\u79c0\u4f5c\u54c1 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Philosophy-Cinematic-Art-Berys-Gaut\/dp\/0521822440\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1H34ZG37C7VKK&amp;keywords=A+Philosophy+of+Cinematic+Art&amp;qid=1681880844&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=a+philosophy+of+cinematic+art%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C597&amp;sr=1-1&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc\">A Philosophy of Cinematic Art<\/a>&#8221; \u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u4e00\u80a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b50\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5b78\u8853\u8208\u8da3\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u71b1\u6f6e\u3002 \u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u95dc\u65bc\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78 Hugo Munsterberg \u548c\u4ed6 1916 \u5e74\u7684 &#8220;The Photoplay: A Psychological Study&#8221;\u3002 \u5206\u6790\u7f8e\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6578\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u7814\u7a76\u96fb\u5f71\uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u5b83\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u5c0f\u5f1f\u96fb\u8996\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u9858\u610f\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7f8e\u8853\u3002 \u96a8\u8457 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u62b5\u6297\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5408\u6642\u5b9c\u3002 No\u00ebl Carroll\u3001George Wilson \u548c Gregory Currie \u5728 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u671f\u548c 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u95dc\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u5411\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u3002 \u4eca\u5929\u6709\u5e7e\u672c\u95dc\u65bc\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u512a\u79c0\u66f8\u7c4d\u548c\u9078\u96c6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u984c\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e2d\u6700\u6d3b\u8e8d\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gaut \u7684\u66f8\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u7a7f\u63d2\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Gaut \u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5927\u591a\u6578\u54f2\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5beb\u4f5c\u548c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u4e3b\u984c\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0cGaut \u5c0d\u6578\u78bc\u96fb\u5f71\u548c\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\u90fd\u5f88\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e92\u52d5\u96fb\u5f71\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8ca2\u737b\u6709\u4e09\u500b\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5b83\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7a81\u51fa\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Gaut \u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u7acb\u5834\uff1b (2) \u5b83\u5305\u542b\u5c0d\u6578\u78bc\u96fb\u5f71\u548c\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\u767c\u5c55\u5c0d\u96fb\u5f71\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1b (3) \u5b83\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u634d\u885b\u4e86\u5a92\u9ad4\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u9019\u4e00\u98fd\u53d7\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u5c0d\u65bc\u96fb\u5f71\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u78ba\u5b9a Gaut \u8a0e\u8ad6\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc Gaut \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u662f\u79fb\u52d5\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u904b\u52d5\u5716\u50cf\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0cGaut \u5c07\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u57fa\u65bc<a href=\"https:\/\/filmlifestyle.com\/celluloid-film\/\">celluloid-based <\/a>\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u96fb\u5f71\u3001\u6578\u78bc\u96fb\u5f71\u3001\u52d5\u756b\u96fb\u5f71\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u5f71\uff08\u96fb\u8996\uff09\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002 \u79fb\u52d5\u5716\u50cf\u8655\u65bc\u5a92\u9ad4\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u65b0\u9bae\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u63d0\u8b70\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\u96fb\u5f71\u3001\u52d5\u756b\u548c\u6578\u78bc\u5a92\u9ad4\u61c9\u6b78\u5165 \u201c\u904b\u52d5\u5716\u50cf\u5a92\u9ad4 moving image media\u201d \u9019\u4e00\u7e3d\u7a31\uff0c\u201c\u904b\u52d5\u5716\u50cf\u7814\u7a76 moving image studies\u201d \u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5305\u542b\u6b64\u985e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df \u79fb\u52d5\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0cGaut \u5c07\u79fb\u52d5\u5716\u50cf\u5a92\u9ad4\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u96fb\u5f71\u9662\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\u662f\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u201c\u96fb\u5f71\u9662\u201d\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u96fb\u5f71\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5177\u6709 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u767c\u660e &#8220;\u96fb\u5f71\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b cin\u00e9matographe&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Lumiere-brothers\">Lumi\u00e9re \u5144\u5f1f<\/a>\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5c07\u5a92\u9ad4\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u96fb\u5f71\u201d\u4e26\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u4e0b\u8b58\u5225\u96fb\u5f71\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u6709\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5e7e\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u96f7\u7684\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\u548c\/\u6216\u96fb\u8996\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u70ba\u96fb\u5f71\u5f62\u5f0f . \u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u60f3\u4e00\u4f4d\u96fb\u8996\u5b78\u8005\u9811\u76ae\u5730\u5efa\u8b70\u5c07\u50b3\u7d71\u96fb\u5f71\u8996\u70ba\u96fb\u8996\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5149\u5316\u5b78\u96fb\u8996\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4f4d\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\u5b78\u8005\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u65b0\u5a92\u9ad4\u3002 \u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u559c\u6b61 Gaut \u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gaut \u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u96fb\u5f71\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c Gaut \u4ed4\u7d30\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u820a\u722d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u65b0\u96fb\u5f71\u5f62\u5f0f\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6578\u78bc\u96fb\u5f71\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\u96fb\u5f71\uff08\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\uff09\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f7f\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7279\u5225\u6709\u7528\u4e26\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u53ca\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u5f71\uff08\u96fb\u8996\uff09\u5e7e\u4e4e\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cGaut \u8f49\u5411 Roger Scruton \u53cd\u5c0d\u5c07\u651d\u5f71\u548c\u96fb\u5f71\u8996\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5c\u70ba\u651d\u5f71\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u8a18\u9304\u93e1\u982d\u524d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u8868\u9054\u601d\u60f3\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8cea\u7591\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u518d\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85 Scruton \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cGaut \u78ba\u5be6\u65b7\u7136\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cGaut \u5c0d Rudolph Arnheim \u7684\u96fb\u5f71\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u64ec\u548c\u6578\u78bc\u651d\u5f71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08Gaut \u8072\u7a31\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\uff09\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u96fb\u5f71\u548c\u6578\u78bc\u96fb\u5f71\u4e2d\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u985e\u578b\u3002 Gaut \u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u8207 Kendall Walton \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u770b\u7167\u7247\u6642\uff0c\u5f9e\u88ab\u651d\u7269\u9ad4\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u5149\u7dda\u4e0d\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u9032\u5165\u6211\u5011\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u5716\u50cf\u9084\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cGaut \u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\u4f5c\u8005\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u5c0e\u6f14\uff09\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u96fb\u5f71\u201c\u4f5c\u8005\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u5f35\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u96fb\u5f71\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u500b\u4f5c\u8005\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u8207\u6578\u78bc\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\u96fb\u5f71\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 \u201cUnderstanding Cinema\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cGaut \u62d2\u7d55\u5c07 \u610f\u5411\u4e3b\u7fa9 intentionalism \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u5354\u4f5c\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u53cd\u5c0d\u96fb\u5f71\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6 David Bordwell \u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 constructivisim\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u6301 Gaut \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u5075\u63a2\u4e3b\u7fa9 detectivism\u201d\u3002 \u9019\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\u89e3\u8b80 \u201c\u62fc\u6e4a\u7406\u8ad6 patchwork theory\u201d \u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u96fb\u5f71\u6b63\u78ba\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\uff0c\u800c\u88fd\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u610f\u5716\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u5728\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u62fc\u6e4a\u7406\u8ad6\u6642\uff0cGaut \u5728\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9ed1\u6fa4\u660e\u7684\u7f85\u751f\u9580\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u62fc\u6e4a\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u7684\u8ff7\u4eba\u793a\u7bc4\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cGaut \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u96b1\u5f0f\u96fb\u5f71\u6558\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u756b\u5916\u97f3\u6558\u8ff0\u8005\u624d\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u96fb\u5f71\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8a8d\u53ef\u3002 \u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cGaut \u5c0d\u96fb\u5f71\u548c\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u7570\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u8aaa\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u5a92\u4ecb\u7279\u7570\u6027\u5728\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002 \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cGaut \u9084\u8f49\u5411\u4e86\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\u7b49\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Gaut \u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u4fc3\u9032\u60c5\u611f\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5a92\u4ecb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u8a8d\u540c identification\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u904e\u65bc\u6a21\u7cca\u6216\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4eba\u8faf\u8b77\u3002 Gaut \u611f\u5230\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u62d2\u7d55\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u4e48\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u904e\u65bc\u5bec\u6cdb\u548c\u6a21\u68f1\u5169\u53ef\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cNo\u00ebl Carroll \u62d2\u7d55\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5047\u5b9a\u89c0\u773e\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulcan_(mythology)\"> Vulcan <\/a>\u601d\u60f3\u878d\u5408\u3002 Gaut \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201cidentification\u201d \u7684\u8a5e\u6e90\u6839\u6e90\u662f \u201cmaking identical\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8072\u7a31\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u201c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5b83\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u201d( P 255)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u8a5e\u6e90\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f88\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u77e5\u9053 Gaut \u7684 identification \u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8b58\u5225\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u8a72\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u898f\u5b9a\u4e86 Gaut \u8072\u7a31\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002&nbsp; Gaut \u5c07\u8a8d\u540c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u8655\u65bc\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u201d\uff08 P 258\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5340\u5206\u5169\u5927\u985e\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u5373\u60f3\u50cf\u8a8d\u540c\u548c\u79fb\u60c5\u8a8d\u540c\u3002 \u60f3\u50cf\u8a8d\u540c\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d30\u5206\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u89c0\u773e\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8655\u89d2\u8272\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u54ea\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u79fb\u60c5\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c \u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u800c\u5206\u4eab\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6216\u591a\u7a2e\uff08\u865b\u69cb\u7684\uff09\u60c5\u7dd2\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u554f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a8d\u540c\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u7dd2\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u8996\u70ba\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6703\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u96e2\u984c\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc Gaut \u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u4ee5\u554f\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5c0d No\u00ebl Carroll \u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u7279\u7570\u6027\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cGaut \u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u5a92\u4ecb\u7279\u7570\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0cGaut \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b63\u78ba\u6b23\u8cde\u96fb\u5f71\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u5340\u5206\u4e86\u5a92\u4ecb\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5a92\u4ecb\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5d4c\u5957\uff0c\u4e26\u8aaa\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8207\u5176\u7368\u7279\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5c6c\u6027\u3002 \u672c\u7ae0\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u8981\u9ede\u7684\u6709\u7528\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0cGaut \u901a\u904e\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u4ed6\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u524d\u9762\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5a92\u4ecb\u7279\u7570\u6027\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u8aaa\u660e\u96fb\u5f71\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Berys Gaut\u5728 &#8220;A Philosophy of Cinematic Art&#8221; \u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5a92\u4ecb\u7279\u7570\u6027\u7684\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65b0\u96fb\u5f71\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u662f\u5c0d\u96fb\u5f71\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5a92\u4ecb\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u96fb\u5f71\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u5b83\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u96fb\u5f71\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u610f\u5716\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u6558\u4e8b\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u5728\u5c0d\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 \u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96fb\u5f71\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002 \u5b83\u958b\u5275\u6027\u5730\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u96fb\u5f71\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5206\u6790\u50b3\u7d71\u651d\u5f71\u96fb\u5f71\uff0c\u9084\u5206\u6790\u6578\u5b57\u96fb\u5f71\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u4e92\u52d5\u96fb\u5f71\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8996\u983b\u904a\u6232\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u7de8\u5beb\uff0c\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u96fb\u5f71\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u548c\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u96fb\u5f71\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u85dd\u8853\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Encounters in Performance Philosophy <br>https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/9087<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Berys Gaut \u7684\u512a\u79c0\u4f5c\u54c1 &#8220;A Philosophy of Cinematic Art&#8221; \u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u4e00\u80a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b50\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5b78\u8853\u8208\u8da3\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u71b1\u6f6e\u3002 \u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u95dc\u65bc\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78 Hugo Munsterberg \u548c\u4ed6 1916 \u5e74\u7684 &#8220;The Photoplay: A Psychological Study&#8221;\u3002 \u5206\u6790\u7f8e\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6578\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u7814\u7a76\u96fb\u5f71\uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u5b83\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u5c0f\u5f1f\u96fb\u8996\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u9858\u610f\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7f8e\u8853\u3002 \u96a8\u8457 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u62b5\u6297\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5408\u6642\u5b9c\u3002 No\u00ebl Carroll\u3001George Wilson \u548c Gregory Currie \u5728 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u671f\u548c 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u95dc\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u5411\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u3002 \u4eca\u5929\u6709\u5e7e\u672c\u95dc\u65bc\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u512a\u79c0\u66f8\u7c4d\u548c\u9078\u96c6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u984c\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e2d\u6700\u6d3b\u8e8d\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 Gaut \u7684\u66f8\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u96fb\u5f71\u54f2\u5b78\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u7a7f\u63d2\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Gaut &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/04\/17\/a-philosophy-of-cinematic-art\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2iU","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8860"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8864,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8860\/revisions\/8864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}