{"id":8893,"date":"2023-05-05T16:08:33","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T16:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8893"},"modified":"2023-05-05T16:08:39","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T16:08:39","slug":"war-as-paradox-clausewitz-and-hegel-on-fighting-doctrines-and-ethics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/05\/war-as-paradox-clausewitz-and-hegel-on-fighting-doctrines-and-ethics\/","title":{"rendered":"War as Paradox: Clausewitz and Hegel on Fighting Doctrines and Ethics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5f9e\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u70cf\u514b\u862d\u3001\u53f0\u6d77\u6230\u722d\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5230\u8607\u4e39\u5167\u6230\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u4ee5\u4f86\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u6709\u95dc\u6230\u722d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u754c\u548c\u8ecd\u754c\u611b\u5f15\u7528 Carl von Clausewitz \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 “On War <\/em>\u300a\u6230\u722d\u8ad6\u300b” <\/em>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u6230\u722d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u8feb\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\u5be6\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f \u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002”( “On War ” ,<\/em>Book 1, Section 2<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carl von Clausewitz \u7684 “On War ” <\/em>\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u6e05\u55ae\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff1b \u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u5f9e\u6230\u7565\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6230\u8853\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6230\u722d\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6a19\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 “War as Paradox: Clausewitz and Hegel on Fighting Doctrines and Ethics<\/a>” <\/em>\u4e2d\uff0c Youri Cormier \u8457\u624b\u5728\u555f\u8499\u6642\u671f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63a2\u8a0e Clausewitz \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 Cormier \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cClausewitz \u5c07\u6230\u722d\u8996\u70ba\u6096\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u4ed6\u5c07\u7d55\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u548c\u771f\u5be6\u6230\u722d\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6096\u8ad6\uff09\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Immanuel Kant \u548c G.W.F Hegel \u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a( p 24)\u3002 \u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201cClausewitz \u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u4fe1\u5730\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\uff08\u6230\u722d\u7684\uff09\u5be6\u8b49\u5b78\u8aaa\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u6216\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u5065\u5168\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u50f5\u5c40\uff0cCormier \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u6230\u722d\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9 ( p 99)\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5c07 “On War” <\/em>\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u70ba\u6096\u8ad6\u4f86\u8655\u7406 Kant \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Vanya Eftimova Bellinger \u5728 “Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War<\/a>\u00a0( OUP, 2016″, p. 43) \u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7d50\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff1a\u201c\u2026\u2026 Clausewitz \u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u672a\u8b80\u904e Kant \u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u904e Johann Kiesewetter \u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u3002 Clausewitz \u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207 Kant \u5728 Kiesewetter \u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95dc\u65bc Hegel \u5c0d Clausewitz \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0cCormier\u00a0\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002 \u51fa\u65bc\u591a\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728 1820 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u76f8\u4e92\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u7576\u6642 Hegel \u662f\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Christopher Clarke \u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u201cHegel \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u800c\u6301\u4e45\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u8fc5\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u3002\u201d(Christopher Clark,\u00a0Iron Kingdom: The Rise and fall of Prussia 1600-1947 <\/a>. <\/em> Penguin, 2006, p. 431) Cormier\u00a0\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u4e86 Clausewitz \u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u601d\u7dad\u6e90\u81ea Hegel \u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Hegel \u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u8faf\u8b49\u767c\u5c55\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u805e\u540d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46 H\u00f6lderlin\u3001Novalis \u548c Friedrich Schlegel\u00a0 \u65e9\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u3002Clausewitz \u5c0d\u9019\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u77ad\u5982\u6307\u638c\u3002 ( Frederick Beiser,\u00a0“German Idealism: The Struggle against Subjectivism 1781-1801<\/a>“<\/em>. Harvard, 2002, p 367)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8ffd\u6eaf Hegel \u548c Clausewitz \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u672c\u8eab\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002 \u6839\u64da Hegel \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u2026\u2026\u6b63\u5982\u98a8\u7684\u5439\u62c2\u4f7f\u6d77\u6d0b\u514d\u53d7\u9577\u671f\u5e73\u975c\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6c61\u7a62\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8150\u6557\u4e5f\u5c07\u662f\u9577\u671f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u6c38\u4e45\u548c\u5e73\u4e86\u3002\u201d Hegel \u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6cbc\u6fa4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u904e\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u570b\u5bb6 ( Michael Gillespie,\u00a0Hegel, Heidegger and the Ground of History<\/a><\/em>. University of Chicago Press, 1984, p. 41 )\u3002\u5c07\u6b64\u8207 Clausewitz \u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c \u9664\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u990a\u52c7\u6562\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff1a\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u80fd\u62b5\u6d88\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u65e5\u76ca\u7e41\u69ae\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u589e\u9577\u65b9\u9762\u8cb6\u4f4e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8edf\u5f31\u548c\u5c0d\u5b89\u9038\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u7576\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u683c\u548c\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u7684\u719f\u6089\u901a\u904e\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u76f8\u4e92\u978f\u56fa\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4f54\u64da\u5f37\u52e2\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u201d ( “On War\u00a0” ,<\/em>Book 3, Chapter 6<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc Hegel \u548c Clausewitz \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u8aaa\u660e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7d55\u5c0d\u548c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc Hegel \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\uff08\u7406\u60f3\uff09\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8868\u3002 \u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5145\u5206\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u570b\u5bb6\u53c8\u7531\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc Hegel \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u610f\u5fd7 \u3001\u7406\u6027\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u3001\u6210\u9577\u548c\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u3002 Hegel \u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\u9ad8\u7d1a\u555f\u8499\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u6240\u9752\u775e\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u6a5f\u5668\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5b83\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u7576\u4f5c\u5176\u6a5f\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u9f52\u8f2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegel \u548c Clausewitz \u90fd\u5c07\u6230\u722d\u8996\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u5c07\u6230\u722d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5584\u60e1\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c0d Clausewitz \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981 ( p 149ff )\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8f49\u8b8a\u6700\u7d42\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6230\u722d\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6700\u7d42\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u554f\u984c\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0cCormier \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u555f\u8499\u6642\u671f\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u5305\u62ec Descartes\u3001Berkeley \u548c Hume \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u722d\u8ad6\u3002 \u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u50b3\u7d71\u5c07\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u57fa\u65bc\u6c38\u6046\u539f\u5247\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u73fe\u5be6\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u790e\u3002 Cormier \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u50cf Antoine-Henri Jomini \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6230\u722d\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u555f\u767c\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5c0b\u627e\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u6230\u722d\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u5236\u5b9a\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u5ba2\u89c0\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5960\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9805\u76ee \u2014\u2014 \u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u9084\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d \u2014\u2014 \u5728 Kant \u548c Hegel \u6642\u4ee3\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u770b\u4f3c\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u901a\u904e\u91cd\u5851\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u985b\u8986\u4e86\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u3002Kant \u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3 \u201c\u7269\u81ea\u8eab things in themselves\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u53d7\u7d93\u9a57\u985e\u5225\uff08\u5982\u6642\u9593\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u8abf\u7bc0\u548c\u5236\u7d04\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u985e\u5225\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u3002Hegel \u901a\u904e\u62c6\u9664\u548c\u8cea\u7591\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u73fe\u5be6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u77e5\u8b58\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4e26\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u3002 \u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4e3b\u5ba2\u9ad4\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff08\u5c0d Descartes \u7b49\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u88abHegel \u62d2\u7d55\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u555f\u8499\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cormier \u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u9451\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u5c0d Clausewitz \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u6c38\u6046\u539f\u5247\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6230\u722d\u3002 \u6230\u722d\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u6230\u9b25\u4e2d\u5be6\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u6230\u722d\u5247\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1b \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6096\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0cCormier \u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u61c9\u7528 Clausewitz \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“War as Paradox”<\/em> \u7684\u524d\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u9019\u6bb5\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u6839\u64da 17 \u548c 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u555f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u70ba Clausewitz \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u6700\u521d\u65c5\u7a0b\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\uff1b \u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u95b1\u8b80\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u3002 \u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u80cc\u666f\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u53c3\u8207\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3 Cormier \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c0d\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6230\u7565\u5bb6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u7814\u7a76 Clausewitz \u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u66f4\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8acb\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00 \u2014\u2014 \u4f5c\u8005\u8f49\u5411\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u7684\u502b\u7406\u3001\u9769\u547d\u6230\u722d\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u2014\u2014\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5c07\u5f15\u8d77\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002 \u7279\u5225\u662f\uff0c Cormier \u8f49\u5411\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7531 Kant\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f Hegel \u9020\u6210\u7684\u502b\u7406\u50f5\u5c40\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u502b\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u5851\u6211\u5011\u95b1\u8b80 Clausewitz \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f ( p 143)\u3002\u5728 Hegel \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u502b\u7406\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u73fe\u5728\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u7f8e\u5fb7\u6216\u8fa8\u5225\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u3002 \u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457 Hegel \u548c Clausewitz \u90fd\u5c07\u6230\u722d\u8996\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u8207\u932f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u502b\u7406\u8f49\u8b8a\u5c0d\u65bc Cormier \u4f86\u8aaa\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Clausewitz \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u9769\u547d\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f9e Karl Marx \u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u8a9e\u5f9e\u7576\u4ee3\u6230\u722d\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u77e5\u8b58\u4e4b\u65c5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u901a\u904e Hegel \u50b3\u7d71\uff08\u8207\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u76f8\u5c0d\uff09\u6240\u69cb\u60f3\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3002Cormier\u00a0\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u690d\u6839\u65bc Kant \u548c Hegel \u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u6230\u722d\u6b63\u7576\u7406\u7531\u2014\u2014\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u975e\u570b\u5bb6\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff08 \u4f8b\u5982\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u570b\uff09( p 276)\u3002 \u201c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u6b7b\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u6709\u4e9b\u975e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u82f1\u52c7\u3001\u7121\u79c1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5177\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u7fa9\u201d ( p 279)\u3002 \u9019\u8207\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6 Michael Walzer \u5728\u00a0“Just and Unjust Wars” <\/em>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u76f8\u6bd4\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff1a \u70ba\u6230\u722d\u8faf\u8b77\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u61c9\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u6b0a\u5229\u3002( Michael Walzer,\u00a0Just and Unjust Wars: An Argument with Historical Illustrations<\/a>.<\/em>Basic Books, 1977 p 21-33 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9084\u8207 Clausewitz \u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08Clausewitz \u4e0d\u50cf\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u5728\u4f7f\u6230\u722d\u6210\u70ba\u5be6\u73fe\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff08\u6216\u975e\u7406\u6027\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u4ea4\u3002 \u201c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6230\u722d\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6096\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u89e3\u9ad4\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u55aa\u5931\u201d( Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: An Argument with Historical Illustrations.<\/em>Basic Books, 1977 p 272 )\u3002 Cormier \u8a8d\u70ba Hegel \u548c Clausewitz \u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5728\u65bc\u904b\u7528\u6230\u722d\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u7684\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002  Clausewitz \u901a\u904e\u525d\u96e2\u50b3\u7d71\u548c\u6163\u4f8b\u4f86\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 \u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc Cormier \u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u8207\u9769\u547d\u6230\u722d\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\uff08\u5728\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5e38\u898f\u6230\u722d\u4e4b\u5916\uff09\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u8996\u70ba  Clausewitz \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: An Argument with Historical Illustrations, <\/em>Basic Books, 1977. p 292) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5f9e\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u70cf\u514b\u862d\u3001\u53f0\u6d77\u6230\u722d\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5230\u8607\u4e39\u5167\u6230\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u4ee5\u4f86\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u6709\u95dc\u6230\u722d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u754c\u548c\u8ecd\u754c\u611b\u5f15\u7528 Carl von Clausewitz \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 “On War \u300a\u6230\u722d\u8ad6\u300b” \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a “\u6230\u722d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u8feb\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\u5be6\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f \u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002”( “On War ” ,Book 1, Section 2 ) Carl von Clausewitz \u7684 “On War ” \u5728\u5168\u7403\u6230\u722d\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u6e05\u55ae\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff1b \u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u5f9e\u6230\u7565\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6230\u8853\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6230\u722d\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6a19\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u3002 \u5728 “War as Paradox: Clausewitz and Hegel on Fighting Doctrines and Ethics” \u4e2d\uff0c … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2jr","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8893"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8894,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8893\/revisions\/8894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}