{"id":8898,"date":"2023-05-09T08:46:09","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8898"},"modified":"2023-05-09T08:46:15","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:46:15","slug":"evolving-brains-emerging-gods-early-humans-and-the-origins-of-religion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/09\/evolving-brains-emerging-gods-early-humans-and-the-origins-of-religion\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolving Brains, Emerging Gods: Early Humans and the Origins of Religion"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u6559\u5c0e\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u3002 \u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u8a66\u5716\u985b\u8986\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u767c\u660e\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cE. Fuller Torrey \u5229\u7528\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u7d42\u6975\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Evolving-Brains-Emerging-Gods-Religion-ebook\/dp\/B071J1MZ95\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3RHQME0MAPAYM&amp;keywords=Evolving+Brains%2C+Emerging+Gods&amp;qid=1683621705&amp;sprefix=%2Caps%2C273&amp;sr=8-1\">Evolving Brains, Emerging Gods: Early Humans and the Origins of Religion<\/a>&#8221; \u5c07\u795e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u4eba\u8166\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u6700\u521d\u7531\u67e5\u723e\u65af\u00b7\u9054\u723e\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6258\u91cc\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u795e\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u662f\u591a\u7a2e\u9032\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5076\u7136\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4f7f\u7528\u5f9e\u53e4\u4ee3\u982d\u9aa8\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u88fd\u54c1\u5230\u8166\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u5152\u7ae5\u767c\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u50b3\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u53ca\u6642\u5411\u5f8c\u548c\u5411\u524d\u6295\u5c04\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7d66\u4e86\u667a\u4eba\u7af6\u722d\u512a\u52e2\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002 Torrey \u8a73\u8ff0\u4e86\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u795e\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c07\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u88dd\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u5728\u5167\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u5927\u8166\u9032\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u70ba\u9032\u5316\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u9032\u5316\u7684\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u795e\u5c07\u63ed\u793a\u6211\u5011\u6700\u6df1\u5967\u79d8\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u3001\u4f55\u6642\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u4fe1\u5f92\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u559c\u6b61\u6307\u51fa\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4f46\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8b93\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6 E. Fuller Torrey \u512a\u96c5\u5730\u627f\u8a8d\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u77e5\u8b58\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6b64\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u5927\u8166\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Torrey \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e94\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u98db\u8e8d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u795e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u9032\u5316\u53f2\u3002 \u4e94\u500b\u9032\u5316\u6b65\u9a5f\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u8166\u9ad4\u7a4d\u548c\u667a\u529b\u7684\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ca\u6642\u5411\u524d\u6216\u5411\u5f8c\u770b\u7684\u80fd\u529b ( p 3 )\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u59cb\u65bc 20 \u842c\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u50c5\u5728 4 \u842c\u5e74\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4eba\u985e\u64c1\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2a\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6b7b\u5f8c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002Torrey \u5c07\u5c0d\u795e\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u985e\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u8207\u795e\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u624d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cTorrey \u5c07\u773e\u795e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5408\u4f5c\u50be\u5411\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8457\u9019\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\uff0cTorrey \u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u5206\u6790\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 2009 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u201c30% \u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u66fe\u8207\u5df2\u7d93\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u806f\u7e6b\u201d(139)\u3002 \u5728\u6258\u91cc\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6b7b\u53bb\u4f38\u51fa\u63f4\u624b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5411\u795e\u4f38\u51fa\u63f4\u624b\u7684\u9577\u671f\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7956\u5148\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a18\u61b6\u9010\u6f38\u6de1\u5316\u70ba\u50b3\u8aaa\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 E. Fuller Torrey \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u5728\u5927\u8166\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e94\u6b21\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5411\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u6b65\u9a5f\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8b49\u64da\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u5927\u7d04 200 \u842c\u5e74\u524d\u5927\u8166\u9ad4\u7a4d\u548c\u667a\u529b\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u8907\u96dc\u5de5\u4ff1\u751f\u7522\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u5927\u7d04 180 \u842c\u5e74\u524d\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u72e9\u7375\u548c\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u5927\u7d04 200,000 \u5e74\u524d\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08\u5373\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\uff08\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u4efb\u52d9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5927\u8166\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f9e\u982d\u9aa8\u5f62\u72c0\u5224\u65b7\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u5927\u7d04 100,000 \u5e74\u524d\u5167\u7701\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08\u5373\u601d\u8003\u5225\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u4f60\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\uff08\u73e0\u5bf6\u7b49\u81ea\u6211\u88dd\u98fe\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u8b49\u64da\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u5927\u7d04 40,000 \u5e74\u524d\u81ea\u50b3\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08\u5373\u80fd\u5920\u53ca\u6642\u5411\u524d\u6216\u5411\u5f8c\u6295\u5c04\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\uff08\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6539\u9032\u3001\u6d1e\u7a74\u85dd\u8853\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u8cb4\u91cd\u966a\u846c\u54c1\u5728\u5167\u7684\u6709\u610f\u57cb\u846c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u9019\u4e9b\u6b65\u9a5f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cTorrey \u90fd\u4ee5\u982d\u9aa8\u6578\u64da\u3001\u5c4d\u6aa2\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u5152\u7ae5\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5f62\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u652f\u6301\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u8166\u7684\u9032\u5316\u66f4\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5340\u57df\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u96e3\u9053\u4e0d\u6709\u9ede Haeckel \u95dc\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u80b2\u91cd\u6f14\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u80b2\u7684\u540d\u8b7d\u6383\u5730\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u55ce\uff1f \u5728\u66f8\u7684\u958b\u982d\uff0cTorrey \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u89e3\u91cb\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\uff08\u53c3\u898b Gould \u7684 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Ontogeny-Phylogeny-Stephen-Jay-Gould\/dp\/0674639413\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3UC4GFLBSYUED&amp;keywords=Ontogeny+and+Phylogeny&amp;qid=1683621873&amp;sprefix=ontogeny+and+phylogeny%2Caps%2C410&amp;sr=8-1\">Ontogeny and Phylogeny<\/a><\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46 Haeckel \u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u504f\u96e2\u6a19\u6e96\uff08\u53c3\u898b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Haeckels-Embryos-Images-Evolution-Fraud-ebook\/dp\/B08PP7KP1P\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3LU7ITFGAAZF1&amp;keywords=Haeckel%27s+Embryos%3A+Images%2C+Evolution%2C+and+Fraud&amp;qid=1683621896&amp;sprefix=haeckel%27s+embryos+images%2C+evolution%2C+and+fraud%2Caps%2C495&amp;sr=8-1\">Haeckel&#8217;s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud<\/a> \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Torrey \u9084\u5c07\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u8207\u8fb2\u696d\u9769\u547d\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8fb2\u696d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u7956\u5148\u7684\u795e\u6027\u6beb\u7121\u611f\u89ba\u3002 \u72e9\u7375\u63a1\u96c6\u90e8\u843d\u53ea\u6703\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u9077\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff1b \u4ed6\u5011\u7956\u5148\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u4e86\u3002 \u8fb2\u696d\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u57cb\u846c\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002 \u7576\u6b7b\u8005\u88ab\u57cb\u846c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u58b3\u5893\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5d07\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u50b3\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u8a31\u5687\u58de\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7956\u5148\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65e5\u5149\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002 \u8aaa\u201c\u96e3\u602a\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u795e\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4f4e\u7d1a\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0cTorrey \u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u9593\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fb2\u696d\u548c\u99b4\u5316\u7684\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u547c\u61c9\u4e86 \u00a0James C. Scott \u5728 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Against-Grain-History-Earliest-States\/dp\/030024021X\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=14C8KUPDCMO9K&amp;keywords=Against+the+Grain%3A+A+Deep+History+of+the+Earliest+States&amp;qid=1683621918&amp;sprefix=against+the+grain+a+deep+history+of+the+earliest+states+%2Caps%2C511&amp;sr=8-1\">Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010824836\">\u53cd\u7a40\uff1a\u7a40\u7269\u662f\u98df\u7ce7\u9084\u662f\u653f\u6b0a\u5de5\u5177<\/a>\uff1f&#8221; \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6f54\u548c\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u8fb2\u696d\u548c\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6b7b\u8005\u88ab\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u96e2\u751f\u8005\u5f88\u8fd1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u6545\u7956\u5148\u5c0d\u751f\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u9593\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u8b49\u64da\u3002 \u5f9e\u90a3\u88e1\u5411\u5c07\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8996\u70ba\u795e\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ea\u9081\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u3002 \u8207\u8fb2\u696d\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u4e5f\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u767c\u6e90\u5730\uff0cTorrey \u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea4\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u7c21\u8981\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u773e\u795e\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Torrey \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u5c0d Torrey \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002 \u66f8\u4e2d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u7d93\u6587\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002 \u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1b \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 Torrey \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5316\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5b97\u6559\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evolving Brains, Emerging Gods \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u512a\u9ede\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4 \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5927\u8166\u9032\u5316\u7684\u5404\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\u7d44\u7e54 \u2014\u2014 \u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u7ae0\u7bc0\u5e36\u6709\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u4e26\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u6a19\u984c\u548c\u88dd\u98fe\u6027\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4f86\u5206\u9694\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5167\u7684\u5404\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u3002 Torrey \u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u8a00\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5927\u8166\u5f62\u614b\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u4e26\u5305\u62ec\u65b9\u6846\u548c\u9644\u9304\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u6574\u672c\u66f8\u90fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u8166\u5340\u57df\u7684\u63d2\u5716\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4e00\u4f4d\u76e1\u8077\u76e1\u8cac\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8b19\u905c\u3002 \u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u627f\u8a8d\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9054\u723e\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7c21\u8981\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u54ea\u88e1 \u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u5927\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u5728\u65bc Torrey \u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u8b70\u7a0b\u5e36\u5230\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u8a71\u984c\uff0cRichard Dawkins \u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u70ba\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 The God Delusion\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u88e1\u6c92\u6709\u523b\u8584\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0cTorrey \u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u7d93\u6b77\u6240\u559a\u8d77\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u4e26\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5927\u8072\u75be\u547c\uff0c\u51b7\u975c\u800c\u6709\u7406\u6709\u64da\u5730\u95e1\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\uff09\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u6709\u6642\u6703\u904e\u5206\u91cd\u8996\u9069\u61c9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5171\u9cf4\u3002 \u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u8003\u616e\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u504f\u898b\uff0c&#8221;Evolving Brains, Emerging Gods&#8221; \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u70ba\u904e\u3002 \u800c\u4e14\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u907f\u514d\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u53cd\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u7dd2\u4f7f\u8a71\u984c\u5169\u6975\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u6709\u671b\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u95b1\u8b80\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u795e\u8a71\u6559\u5c0e\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u3002 \u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u8a66\u5716\u985b\u8986\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u767c\u660e\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cE. Fuller Torrey \u5229\u7528\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u7d42\u6975\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002&#8221;Evolving Brains, Emerging Gods: Early Humans and the Origins of Religion&#8221; \u5c07\u795e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u4eba\u8166\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u6700\u521d\u7531\u67e5\u723e\u65af\u00b7\u9054\u723e\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6258\u91cc\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u795e\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u662f\u591a\u7a2e\u9032\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5076\u7136\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4f7f\u7528\u5f9e\u53e4\u4ee3\u982d\u9aa8\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u88fd\u54c1\u5230\u8166\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u5152\u7ae5\u767c\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u50b3\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u53ca\u6642\u5411\u5f8c\u548c\u5411\u524d\u6295\u5c04\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7d66\u4e86\u667a\u4eba\u7af6\u722d\u512a\u52e2\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002 Torrey \u8a73\u8ff0\u4e86\u795e\u7d93\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u795e\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c07\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u88dd\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u5728\u5167\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u73fe\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u5927\u8166\u9032\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u70ba\u9032\u5316\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u9032\u5316\u7684\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u795e\u5c07\u63ed\u793a\u6211\u5011\u6700\u6df1\u5967\u79d8\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002 \u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u3001\u4f55\u6642\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u4fe1\u5f92\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u559c\u6b61\u6307\u51fa\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4f46\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8b93\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6 E. Fuller Torrey \u512a\u96c5\u5730\u627f\u8a8d\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u77e5\u8b58\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6b64\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u5927\u8166\u9032\u5316\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002 Torrey \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e94\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u98db\u8e8d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u795e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u9032\u5316\u53f2\u3002 \u4e94\u500b\u9032\u5316\u6b65\u9a5f\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u8166\u9ad4\u7a4d\u548c\u667a\u529b\u7684\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ca\u6642\u5411\u524d\u6216\u5411\u5f8c\u770b\u7684\u80fd\u529b ( p 3 )\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u59cb\u65bc &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/09\/evolving-brains-emerging-gods-early-humans-and-the-origins-of-religion\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2jw","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8898"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8899,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8898\/revisions\/8899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}