{"id":8909,"date":"2023-05-14T12:13:57","date_gmt":"2023-05-14T12:13:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8909"},"modified":"2023-05-14T12:14:04","modified_gmt":"2023-05-14T12:14:04","slug":"unfair-the-new-science-of-criminal-injustice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/14\/unfair-the-new-science-of-criminal-injustice\/","title":{"rendered":"Unfair: The New Science of Criminal Injustice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u672b\u5be9\u5148\u5224\uff1b\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8a72\u5177\u6709\u8ffd\u7d22\u7acb\u6cd5\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u9ad4\u5236\u3001\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u61c9\u5728\u7dad\u8b77\u516c\u9053\uff08fair\/fairness \uff09\u3002\u516c\u9053\u5728\u6975\u6b0a\/\u5a01\u6b0a\u793e\u6703\u56fa\u7136\u96e3\u6709\u4fdd\u8a3c\uff0c\u800c\u516c\u9053\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u958b\u653e\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4ea6\u5145\u6eff\u5404\u7a2e\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u7740\u6cd5\u7684\u843d\u5be6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u516c\u9053\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u9593\u7a76\u7adf\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u8972\u64ca\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6216\u9189\u9152\u8005\u2014\u2014\u9019\u5c0d\u91ab\u751f\u6cbb\u7642\u4f60\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u55ce\uff1f \u6545\u610f\u5411\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u6492\u8b0a\u4e26\u7de8\u9020\u5047\u8b49\u64da\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u53e3\u4f9b\u662f\u5426\u5e38\u898b\uff1f \u6697\u793a\u6027\u8a2a\u8ac7\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u8b49\u4eba\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5728\u8b49\u4eba\u4e2d\u88fd\u9020\u865b\u5047\u8a18\u61b6\uff1f \u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5348\u4f11\u5f8c\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u5047\u91cb\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u55ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5427\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\uff01\u201d &#8211; \u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u540c\u610f\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u53ca\u6642\u56de\u7b54\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u64da Adam Benforado \u7684 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Unfair-New-Science-Criminal-Injustice\/dp\/0770437788\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=214FT9AJWO2C&amp;keywords=Unfair%3A+The+New+Science+of+Criminal+Injustice&amp;qid=1684066381&amp;sprefix=unfair+the+new+science+of+criminal+injustice%2Caps%2C288&amp;sr=8-1\">Unfair: The New Science of Criminal Injustice<\/a>&#8220;\uff0c\u53ef\u60b2\u4f46\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u662f \u201c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\uff01\u201d\uff1a\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u6240\u6709 (!) \u76f8\u95dc\u65b9\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u8abf\u67e5\u671f\u9593\u90fd\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u6709\u504f\u898b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7121\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u4ea6\u7136\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6545\u610f\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5371\u96aa\uff09 \u2014\u2014 \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u610f\u4e2d\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u504f\u898b \uff0c\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5805\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Unfair&#8221; \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u88ab\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u5c0d\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f \uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u5f8b\u5e2b\u6709\u6642\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u504f\u898b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5 \u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u6210\u54e1\u548c\u516c\u773e\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u3001\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u4e2d\uff0cBenforado \u8f2a\u6d41\u5411\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u767c\u8d77\u9032\u653b \u2014\u2014 \u6c92\u6709\u4fd8\u865c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u4e5d\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u90fd\u5c08\u9580\u4ecb\u7d39\u53f8\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5178\u578b\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff08\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u5075\u63a2\uff08\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\uff08\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u5f8b\u5e2b\uff08\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u966a\u5be9\u5718 \uff08\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u76ee\u64ca\u8005\uff08\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u5c08\u5bb6\uff08\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u516c\u773e\uff08\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0\uff09\u548c\u56da\u72af\uff08\u7b2c 9 \u7ae0\uff09\u3002 \u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u59cb\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u90fd\u5728\u5c0d\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u9032\u884c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u5256\u6790\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u9032\u5c55 \u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u6703\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u793e\u6703\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53c8\u88ab\u512a\u96c5\u5730\u7d44\u5408\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6578\u64da\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u4f7f\u672c\u66f8\u975e\u5e38\u6613\u8b80\u4e14\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u540c\u6642\uff0cBenforado \u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u8b93\u60a8\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u8e8d\uff0c\u4e26\u5141\u8a31\u60a8\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u9032\u7cfb\u7d71\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u5efa\u8b70\u3002 \u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ee5\u554f\u984c\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8b1b\u8ff0\u975e\u5e38\u5e73\u8861\u3002 \u5728\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cBenforado \u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u98a8\u683c\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u770b\u4f86\u5f88\u53ef\u9760\u800c\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u5448\u73fe\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u4f60\u6703\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u3002 \u66f8\u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u4f7f\u7528\u8166\u96fb\u5716\u548c fmRI \u7b49\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8b0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 \u2014\u2014&nbsp;\u4f46 Benforado \u5408\u7406\u5730\u6279\u8a55\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6aa2\u6e2c\u548c\u7cfe\u6b63\u507d\u9020\u5617\u8a66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u7ae0\u70ba\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0cBenforado \u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u4ed6\u57fa\u65bc\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u9032\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46Benforado \u5fc5\u9808\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u72af\u8207\u4ed6\u6240\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c0d\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u71b1\u60c5\u614b\u5ea6 \u2014\u2014 \u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u66f4\u78ba\u947f\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u5efa\u8b70\u5404\u65b9\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7531\u539f\u578b\u5316\u8eab\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b23\u8cde Benforado \u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6027\u5225\u6216\u7a2e\u65cf\u523b\u677f\u5370\u50cf\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u7537\u6027\/\u5973\u6027\u6216\u9ed1\u4eba\/\u767d\u4eba\u982d\u50cf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cEyssel, &amp; Loughnan, 2013; Kuchenbrandt, H\u00e4ring, Eichberg, &amp; Eyssel, 2014\uff09\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u865b\u64ec\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u53cd\u61c9\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u4ecd\u5728\u8abf\u67e5\u4e2d\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u5316\u8eab\u4ee3\u8868\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u63db\u4f4d\u601d\u8003\u548c\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\u6216\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u6703\u904b\u4f5c\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08 Benforado \u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u6703\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u904e\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5426\u512a\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u76ee\u524d\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u6cd5\u9662\u5fc5\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u898f\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u6c7a\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8003\u616e\u91dd\u5c0d\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u54e1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u865b\u5047\u548c\u507d\u9020\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4f9b\u8a5e \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u65b9\u6cd5 \u7279\u5de5\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5c0d\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u6492\u8b0a\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6b7b\u5211\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5834\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u77e5\u800c\u653e\u68c4\u5176\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u201c\u8907\u88fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5ee2\u9664\u7121\u6548\u7684\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5411\u7576\u5c40\u548c\u516c\u773e\u63a8\u92b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Unfair&#8221;&nbsp;\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\uff1b \u5c31\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6703\u5b78\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u68d8\u624b\u5fc3\u7406\u7372\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u898b\u89e3\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u78ba\u5be6\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u9032\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u201c\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u60b2\u6158\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u662f\u7f6a\u9b41\u798d\u9996\u201d 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u65b0\u805e\u734e\uff08Society Journalism Awards\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u6b63\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u5a92\u9ad4\u734e\uff08Media for a Just Society Awards\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u6848\u4f8b\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0cBenforado \u8868\u660e\u4e86\uff1a\u5211\u4e8b\u5be9\u5224\u9ad4\u4fc2\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u56b4\u5bc6\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u90e8\u9580\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5df2\u7d93\u7d2e\u6839\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6642\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u5728\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u8a34\u8a1f\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u672b\u5be9\u5148\u5224\uff1b\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8a72\u5177\u6709\u8ffd\u7d22\u7acb\u6cd5\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u9ad4\u5236\u3001\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u61c9\u5728\u7dad\u8b77\u516c\u9053\uff08fair\/fairness \uff09\u3002\u516c\u9053\u5728\u6975\u6b0a\/\u5a01\u6b0a\u793e\u6703\u56fa\u7136\u96e3\u6709\u4fdd\u8a3c\uff0c\u800c\u516c\u9053\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u958b\u653e\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4ea6\u5145\u6eff\u5404\u7a2e\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u7740\u6cd5\u7684\u843d\u5be6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u516c\u9053\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u3002 \u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u9593\u7a76\u7adf\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f \u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u8972\u64ca\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6216\u9189\u9152\u8005\u2014\u2014\u9019\u5c0d\u91ab\u751f\u6cbb\u7642\u4f60\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u55ce\uff1f \u6545\u610f\u5411\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u6492\u8b0a\u4e26\u7de8\u9020\u5047\u8b49\u64da\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u53e3\u4f9b\u662f\u5426\u5e38\u898b\uff1f \u6697\u793a\u6027\u8a2a\u8ac7\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u8b49\u4eba\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5728\u8b49\u4eba\u4e2d\u88fd\u9020\u865b\u5047\u8a18\u61b6\uff1f \u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5348\u4f11\u5f8c\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u5047\u91cb\uff1f \u201c\u55ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5427\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\uff01\u201d &#8211; \u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u540c\u610f\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u53ca\u6642\u56de\u7b54\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u64da Adam Benforado \u7684 &#8220;Unfair: The New Science of Criminal Injustice&#8220;\uff0c\u53ef\u60b2\u4f46\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u662f \u201c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\uff01\u201d\uff1a\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u6240\u6709 (!) \u76f8\u95dc\u65b9\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u8abf\u67e5\u671f\u9593\u90fd\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u6709\u504f\u898b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7121\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u4ea6\u7136\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6545\u610f\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5371\u96aa\uff09 \u2014\u2014 \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u610f\u4e2d\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u504f\u898b \uff0c\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5805\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3002 &#8220;Unfair&#8221; \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u88ab\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u5c0d\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f \uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u5f8b\u5e2b\u6709\u6642\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u504f\u898b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5 \u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u966a\u5be9\u5718\u6210\u54e1\u548c\u516c\u773e\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u3001\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u4e2d\uff0cBenforado \u8f2a\u6d41\u5411\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u767c\u8d77\u9032\u653b \u2014\u2014 \u6c92\u6709\u4fd8\u865c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002 \u524d\u4e5d\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u90fd\u5c08\u9580\u4ecb\u7d39\u53f8\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5178\u578b\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff08\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\uff09\u3001\u5075\u63a2\uff08\u7b2c 2 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/14\/unfair-the-new-science-of-criminal-injustice\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2jH","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8909"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8910,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8909\/revisions\/8910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}