{"id":8918,"date":"2023-05-21T09:39:52","date_gmt":"2023-05-21T09:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8918"},"modified":"2023-05-21T16:14:13","modified_gmt":"2023-05-21T16:14:13","slug":"why-the-west-rules-for-now-the-patterns-of-history-and-what-they-reveal-about-the-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/21\/why-the-west-rules-for-now-the-patterns-of-history-and-what-they-reveal-about-the-future\/","title":{"rendered":"Why the West Rules&#8211;for Now: The Patterns of History, and What They Reveal About the Future"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e38\u5f6a\u5728\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010425647?sloc=main\">\u5b8b\u53f2\uff1a\u6587\u6cbb\u660c\u76db\u8207\u6b66\u529f\u5f31\u52e2<\/a>\u300b(\u4e09\u6c11\u66f8\u5c40\uff0c2009)\u4e2d\u66fe\u8ac7\u53ca\u5b8b\u671d\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u7576\u5176\u4e16\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u8d8a\u897f\u65b9\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5e1d\u738b\u6015\u4eba\u6c11&#8221;\u73a9\u5f04&#8221;  \u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u7981\u6b62\u4eba\u6c11\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u800c\u7957\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u5b98\u5bb6\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u5b8b\u671d\uff0c Ian Morris \u8ac7\u53ca\u6c88\u62ec\uff08\u516c\u5143 1031-95 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5b8b\u4ee3\u535a\u5b78\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002Ian Morris \u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u9054\u6587\u897f\u8207 1800 \u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u6574\u500b\u6771\u4e9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u914d\u5c0d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c88\u62ec\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u767c\u73fe\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u8c8c\u5b78\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u7403\u5f62\u5929\u9ad4\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u6241\u5e73\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u5357\u91dd\u3001\u6697\u7bb1\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u6975\u661f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6821\u6b63\u65e5\u6708\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08\u5f8c\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u8ecc\u9053\u8def\u5f91\uff09( pp 419-420 )\u3002\u53c8\u6e05\u4e7e\u9686\u4e00\u4ee3\u6240\u7de8\u3001\u8a66\u5716\u8a18\u9304\u201c \u5929\u4e0b\u842c\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u5171 80 \u591a\u842c\u9801\u7684\u300a\u56db\u5eab\u5168\u66f8\u300b\uff0c\u90fd\u8db3\u4f7f\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u81ea\u547d\u4e0d\u51e1\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u6f22\u5510\u76db\u4e16\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u5176\u6642\u4ea6\u8db3\u4ee5\u201c \u50b2\u8996\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4f55\u4ee5\u5374\u7121\u4ee5\u70ba\u7e7c\uff1f\u96e3\u9053\u771f\u5982 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/WEIRDest-People-World-Psychologically-Particularly-ebook\/dp\/B07RZFCPMD\/ref=sr_1_2?crid=2BNW69KLYJCDV&amp;keywords=The+Weirdest+People+in+the+World%2C+How+the+West+became+psychologically+peculiar+and+particularly+prosperous&amp;qid=1684661857&amp;sprefix=the+weirdest+people+in+the+world%2C+how+the+west+became+psychologically+peculiar+and+particularly+prosperous%2Caps%2C767&amp;sr=8-2\">The Weirdest People in the World, How the West became psychologically peculiar and particularly prosperous<\/a>\u201d \u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00\uff1fIan Morris \u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7740\u4e16\u754c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u5728\u7576\u5176\u6642\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4f86\u8aaa\u5927\u7d04\u5728 1750 \u5e74\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u84b8\u6c7d\u548c\u7164\u70ad\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5f9e\u6b64\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u7ffb\u5929\u8986\u5730\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 \u5de5\u5ee0\u3001\u9435\u8def\u548c\u7832\u8266\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u800c 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u548c\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e86\u5176\u5168\u7403\u9738\u6b0a\u3002 \u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u570b\u9810\u793a\u8457\u897f\u65b9\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d85\u7d1a\u5927\u570b\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u56de\u9867\u904e\u53bb\u3002 \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u904e\u53bb 200 \u5e74\u88e1\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8457\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Ian Morris \u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u65b0\u7b54\u6848\u3002 \u4ed6\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u6216\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5049\u5927\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u596e\u9b25\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u5730\u7406\u5c0d\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u6c23\u5019\u5371\u6a5f\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u5730\u7406\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5c07\u4ee5\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6539\u8b8a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7cbe\u5f69\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c<em>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Why-West-Rules-Now-Patterns-ebook\/dp\/B003VTZSFY\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=BHNCMMH8M1OK&amp;keywords=Why+the+West+Rules--for+Now%3A+The+Patterns+of+History%2C+and+What+They+Reveal+About+the+Future&amp;qid=1684661889&amp;sprefix=why+the+west+rules--for+now+the+patterns+of+history%2C+and+what+they+reveal+about+the+future%2Caps%2C480&amp;sr=8-1\">Why the West Rules&#8211;for Now: The Patterns of History, and What They Reveal About the Future<\/a>&#8220;<\/em> \u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e94\u842c\u5e74\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u9801\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u5f9e\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u5230\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7b49\u5404\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u9084\u9810\u6e2c\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u901a\u8a0a\u751a\u81f3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u90fd\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002 \u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u79d1\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 Ian Morris \u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u5229\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u6280\u8853\u89e3\u91cb\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u622a\u81f3\u7b2c 433 \u9801\uff0c\u5728\u9577\u9054 645 \u9801\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e 20 \u9801\u7528\u65bc\u4ecb\u7d39\u6b50\u6d32\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u7b2c 385 \u81f3 433 \u9801\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86 \u201c\u8d70\u5411\u5168\u7403 Going Global\u201d\u4e00\u7ae0( Ch 8 )\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u8461\u8404\u7259\u63a2\u96aa\u548c\u54e5\u502b\u5e03\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u9ede\u4e3b\u8981\u653e\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u548c\u912d\u6c0f\u73cd\u5bf6\u8266\u968a\u4e0a\u3002 \u501f\u9452 Gavin Menzies \u540d\u8b7d\u6383\u5730\u7684\u66f8 &#8220;<em>1421: The Year China Discovered America<\/em>\uff082002 \u5e74\uff09&#8221;\uff0cIan Morris \u4ed4\u7d30\u63a8\u6e2c\u4e86\u912d\u548c\u4e0b\u897f\u6d0b\u3001\u518d\u5230\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u3001\u5317\u6975\u3001\u5357\u6975\u6d32\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u66f4\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u822a\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 \uff08 p 410\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1 1421 \u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u4f86\uff0cMenzies \u7684 1421 \u5e74\u8207 von D\u00e4niken \u7684 &#8220;Chariots of the Gods&#8221; \u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\uff1f\u201d\uff08 p 410 \uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u8266\u968a\u99db\u5411\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e26\u9ede\u71c3\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c&#8221;<em>1421<\/em>&#8221; \u5e74\u7684\u7e8c\u96c6\u3002\u201cMenzies \u7684 &#8220;<em>1434<\/em>&#8220;\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6bd4\u4ed6\u7684 &#8220;<em>1421<\/em>&#8221; \u66f4\u9700\u8981\u66ab\u505c\u61f7\u7591\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u518d\u6b21\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7121\u6cd5\u53ec\u96c6\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u66ab\u505c\u201d\u3002 \u912d\u548c\u7684\u8239\u968a\u6c92\u6709\u822a\u884c\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u5317\u6975\u3001\u5357\u6975\u6d32\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e86\uff09\u3002 \uff08 p 413 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u7a31\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u662f\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\uff08 p 419 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u201c\u5728 11 \u4e16\u7d00\u201d\u201c\u5df2\u7d93\u201d\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\uff08 p 419 \uff09\u3002 \u9019\u5834\u5fa9\u8208\u4e26\u4e0d\u905c\u8272\u65bc\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u8907\u8208\uff1a\u201c\u9054\u6587\u897f\u771f\u7684\u6bd4\u6c88\u62ec\u66f4\u9a5a\u4eba\u55ce\uff1f\u201d\u3002\u4f46 Ian Morris \u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c07\u5176\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u53cd\u52d5\u7684 reactionary\u201d\uff08 p  418\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u5091\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\u3002 \u50c5\u5728\u7e6a\u756b\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u6709 Botticelli\u3001Brunelleschi\u3001Donatello\u3001Giotto, Ghiberti\u3001Michelangelo\u3001Raphael\u3001Vasari \u548c Titian\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u756b\u5bb6\u8207\u4e00\u7a2e\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u900f\u8996\u7e6a\u756b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c8\u53d7\u5230 15 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u7fa3\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4ee3\u6578\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u4e09\u89d2\u8a08\u7b97\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u8f09\u5165\u6578\u5b78\u53f2\u518a\uff1aScipio del Ferro\u3001Nicolo Tartaglia\u3001Johann Muller Regiomonanus\u3001Giralamo Cardano\u2014\u2014\u5225\u5fd8\u4e86 Luca Pacioli (1446\/7\u20131517)\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u5df2\u77e5\u6703\u8a08\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e4b\u7236\u7684 &#8221;&nbsp;<em>Everything about Arithmetic, Geometry, and proportions&#8221;<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ian Morris \u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u6311\u6230\u548c\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u5c55\u958b\u3002 \u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u662f\u5c0d\u5f71\u97ff\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u7522\u91cf\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u7531\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u98e2\u8352\u548c\u6230\u722d\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u7d93\u5e38\u6027\u5371\u6a5f\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5faa\u74b0\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u6b65\u505c\u6eef\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u6703\u5d29\u6f70\u3002 \u6b64\u985e\u5371\u6a5f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9593\u9694\u767c\u751f\uff1a\u516c\u5143\u524d 2200 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143\u524d 1750 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143\u524d 1200 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143\u524d 800 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143 540 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143 1250 \u5e74\u6216\u516c\u5143 1645 \u5e74\u3002 \u6bcf\u9694 400 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u4e7e\u65f1\u5c31\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u5d29\u6f70\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d Ian Morris \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u7a81\u7834 \u2014\u2014 \u5112\u6559\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78 \u2014\u2014 \u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u66f4\u5927\u7e41\u69ae\u3001\u66f4\u9060\u8ddd\u96e2\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u76e3\u7ba1\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3002 \u5728 Ian Morris \u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5b83\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002Ian Morris \u5c0d\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u6771\u897f\u7aef\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002 \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u66f4\u5177\u5275\u65b0\u6027\uff1b \u53ea\u6709\u5f9e\u516c\u5143 550 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5230 1776 \u5e74\uff08\u84b8\u6c7d\u6a5f\u5e74\u3001Adam Smith \u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u624d\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u4e26\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u7e41\u69ae\u3002\u8aaa\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\uff1f <em>&#8220;Why the West Rules&#8211;for Now&#8221; <\/em>\u7684\u958b\u982d\u5e7e\u6bb5\u8207 Jared Diamond \u7684&nbsp;&#8220;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Guns-Germs-Steel-Fates-Societies-ebook\/dp\/B06X1CT33R\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=ILDMMFV0SV8V&amp;keywords=Guns%2C+Germs%2C+and+Steel&amp;qid=1684661954&amp;sprefix=guns%2C+germs%2C+and+steel%2Caps%2C266&amp;sr=8-1\">Guns, Germs, and Steel<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(1997)&#8221; \u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 Ian Morris \u554f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u82f1\u570b\u8239\u96bb\u5728 1842 \u5e74\u9006\u6d41\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u8239\u96bb\u9006\u6d41\u800c\u4e0a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u6cb3\uff1f\u201d\uff08 p 11 \uff09\u2014\u2014 \u9019\u8207\u65b0\u5e7e\u5167\u4e9e\u5cf6\u4e9e\u91cc\u5cf6\u7684\u7576\u5730\u653f\u5ba2\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c Jared Diamond \u554f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f60\u5011\u767d\u4eba\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u8ca8\u7269\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5e36\u5230\u65b0\u5e7e\u5167\u4e9e\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u9ed1\u4eba\u537b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ca8\u7269\uff1f\u201d(&nbsp;&#8220;<em>Guns, Germs, and Steel <\/em>&#8221; , p 14 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u524d\u8ab0\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8af8\u5982\u201c\u76ae\u819a\u3001\u773c\u775b\u6216\u982d\u9aee\u7684\u984f\u8272\u201d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u8b8a\u7570\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u201c\u819a\u6dfa\u7684\u201d\uff1f Jared Diamond  \u90fd\u4e0d\u662f Ian Morris \u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u201c\u7406\u8ad6\u201d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u4f86\u6e90\u3002 \u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u6301\u7e8c\u9700\u8981\u6311\u6230\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u201d\u5462\uff1f \u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u5275\u9020\u6027\u548c\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u9593\u63a5\u8b66\u544a\u3002 Ian Morris \u5728\u99c1\u65a5\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u56b4\u53b2\u6279\u8a55\u6307\u5411\u6b50\u6d32\u201c\u6587\u5316\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u201d\uff08 p 73 \uff09\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u9577\u671f\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5316&#8230;&#8230; . \u6253\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff08 p 22 \uff09\uff1f \u901a\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u201c\u6240\u8b02\u7368\u7279\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u7d93\u6b77\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u5f37\u70c8\u201d\uff08 p 23 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u5177\u6709\u9577\u671f\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027 \u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u6db5\u84cb\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u671f\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ian Morris \u8a8d\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5316\u90fd\u5982\u6b64\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b3d\u4f69\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u6771\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u4e00\u6a23\u7406\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u6771\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u4e00\u6a23\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u5c08\u5236\u201d\uff08 p 261 \uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5d29\u6f70\u5f8c\u4e00\u6bb5\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u958b\u653e\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u548c\u6f22\u5e1d\u570b\u90fd\u56e0\u70ba\u6c23\u6eab\u548c\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u8870\u843d\u3002 \u5728\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u90fd\u5728\u840e\u7e2e\uff0c\u8b58\u5b57\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u3002 \u4f46\u5728\u6771\u90e8\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5411\u80a5\u6c83\u5730\u5340\u7684\u9077\u79fb\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7a2e\u690d\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u9032\u6b65\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u7687\u5e1d Justinian \u5931\u6557\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u591a\u7522\u7684\u7a3b\u7530\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u5f71\u97ff\u6301\u958b\u653e\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u878d\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u9ad4\u3002 11 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u5148\u65bc\u4e26\u5e73\u884c\u65bc 15 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u7576\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u6df1\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6c42\u52a9\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u8870\u843d\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u3002 \u5728\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u7d93\u5178 THE CLASSICS\u201d \u7684\u5341\u9801\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0cIan Morris \u7d66\u5e0c\u81d8\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u7957\u6709\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u9801\uff08 p 260 \uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u4e2d\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u7d66\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e5d\u9801\uff08 pp 254-9\u3001261-3\uff09\u3002Ian Morris \u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u201cSocrates \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b93\u897f\u65b9\u8d70\u4e0a\u512a\u8d8a\u9053\u8def\u7684\u7368\u7279\u5de8\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u63a8\u7406\u4e26\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u3002 \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5169\u500b\u5de8\u4eba\u8b93\u897f\u65b9\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5e0c\u81d8\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6b50\u6d32\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u500b\u73fe\u4ee3\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5de8\u4eba\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002 \u897f\u65b9\u7e3d\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5805\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u5c0b\u627e\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u65b0\u8996\u91ce\u548c\u65b0\u7e6a\u756b\u3001\u5efa\u7bc9\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u6587\u5b78\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u50b3\u7d71\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u6bd4 \u2014\u2014 \u5112\u5bb6\u3001\u6cd5\u5bb6\u3001\u9053\u5bb6\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\uff09\u2014\u2014 \u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u5947\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u5805\u6301\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002 \u5e0c\u81d8\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u7030\u6f2b\u5728\u5370\u6b50\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7af6\u722d\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u8cb4\u65cf\u98a8\u6c23\u3002 Ionians \u6587\u5b78\u8207\u5360\u9818\u5e0c\u81d8\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb Mycenaean \u6587\u660e\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u5370\u6b50\u6230\u58eb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u6027\u3002 \u6232\u5287\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u65b0\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u7a31\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u88ab\u95e1\u8ff0\u70ba\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u6027\u6216\u9ad4\u80b2\u7af6\u8cfd\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 Thales\u3001Anaximander\u3001Anaxagoras\u3001Empedocles\u3001Heraclitus\u3001Parmenides\u3001Leucippus \u548c Democritus \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u96b1\u85cf\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u8457\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u8cb4\u65cf\u5236\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u6c92\u6709\u9053\u58eb\uff1b \u6c92\u6709\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u8056\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e0a\u7d1a\u606d\u606d\u656c\u656c\uff0c\u4e26\u671f\u671b\u4e0b\u7d1a\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002 \u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u6df7\u6230\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8072\u671b\u800c\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\u8a66\u5716\u8a46\u6bc0\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ian Morris \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8efc\u4e8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u79d1\u666e\u548c\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5f15\u7528 \u2014\u2014 \u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u8003\u53e4\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u82b1\u7c89\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u690d\u7269\u907a\u9ab8\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4f86\u6307\u793a\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca DNA \u4f86\u986f\u793a \u6578\u4e07\u5e74\u4f86\u767c\u751f\u7684\u9077\u5f99\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8003\u53e4\u907a\u8e5f\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u6ce8\u6240\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u57cb\u85cf\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9aa8\u982d\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u7e41\u80b2\u3001\u7136\u5f8c\u6bba\u6b7b\u548c\u6d88\u8cbb\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002 2010 \u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u9aa8\u982d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u516c\u5143 2 \u4e16\u7d00\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u8fb2\u5834\u5974\u96b8\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d Ian Morris \u95dc\u65bc\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u9593\u6301\u7e8c\u800c\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8b49\u5be6\uff1b \u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4 DNA \u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u7cfb\u7956\u5148\u4f86\u81ea\u6771\u4e9e\u3002\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u898f\u5283\u672a\u4f86\u3002 \u4f46\u96a8\u5f8c Ian Morris \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u6703\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u56b4\u5cfb\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u540d\u4e2d\u6697\u793a\u7684\u4ee4\u897f\u65b9\u8b80\u8005\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u2014\u2014\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u982d\u865f\u72d7\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u6158\u6de1\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5927\u5927\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7d50\u5c3e\u662f\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u8b8a\u6696\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u5168\u7403\u602a\u7570\u201d\uff1a\u6975\u7aef\u6c23\u5019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u722d\u596a\u52a0\u5287\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u5d29\u6f70\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d Ian Morris \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u7406\u7bc4\u7587\uff1b \u897f\u65b9\u81f3\u9ad8\u7121\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u3002 \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684 15,000 \u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002  Ian Morris \u6bd4 Jared Diamond  \u66f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u6280\u8853\u548c\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9769\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5730\u7406\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u52a3\u52e2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8a71\u53c8\u8aaa\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u8abf\u5728 Jared Diamond \u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8fd1\u6771\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u751f\u614b\u9000\u5316\u548c\u9435\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u958b\u767c\u6b50\u6d32\u8f03\u51b7\u571f\u5730\u7684\u65b0\u6a5f\u9047\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u5176\u6700\u521d\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u3002 Ian Morris \u540c\u6a23\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6b50\u6d32\u9762\u81e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u52a3\u52e2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576 15 \u548c 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u51fa\u73fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u8d8a\u9019\u7247\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u8239\u96bb\u6642\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e26\u4e14\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1 \u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ian Morris \u70ba\u5730\u7406\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u5b78\u6d3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8861\u91cf\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u7db2\u683c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b\u80fd\u91cf\u6355\u7372\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\/\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u8853\u548c\u6230\u722d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u201c\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u6307\u6578\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u65e5\u671f \u897f\u65b9\u548c\u6771\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u9818\u5148\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u9084\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u9077\u79fb\u4ee5\u61c9\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u6311\u6230\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ae0\u7bc0\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5168\u7403\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u7d93\u6b77 Malthus \u58d3\u529b\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u98e2\u8352\u548c\u6230\u722d\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5b9a\u671f\u5371\u6a5f\u3002 \u5728 Ian Morris \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5faa\u74b0\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u738b\u671d\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u6587\u660e\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u9593\u9694\u8208\u8870\uff1a\u516c\u5143\u524d 2200 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143\u524d 1750 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143\u524d 1200 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143\u524d 800 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143 540 \u5e74\u3001\u516c\u5143 1250 \u5e74\u548c\u516c\u5143 1645 \u5e74 \u2013 \u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u3002\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u8001\u6a23\u5b50\u201d\uff08 p  560 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6191\u85c9\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 ( pp 81 &#8211; 134 ) \u9019\u4e00\u9577\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cIan Morris \u6b23\u7136\u5c07\u6b50\u6d32\u6b77\u53f2\u9650\u5236\u5728 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u76f8\u7576\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002 \u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0cTigris\u6cb3\u3001Euphrates \u6cb3\u548c &nbsp;Jordan \u6cb3\u8c37\u7684\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u201d\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5fe0\u5be6\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u5f9e\u516c\u5143\u524d 10,000 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u516c\u5143 550 \u5e74\uff0c\u9019\u662f \u4e16\u754c\u201c\u6700\u767c\u9054\u5730\u5340\u201d\u3002 \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u99ac\u7576\u5148\u3002 \u5f9e\u5927\u7d04\u516c\u5143 550 \u5e74\u5230 1775 \u5e74\uff0c\u6771\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u9818\u5148\u65bc\u201c\u897f\u90e8\u201d\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u672c\u571f\u53ea\u6709\u5728 1775 \u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u8b8a\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u3001\u88fd\u5716\u9769\u547d\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u8996\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u5730\u65b9\u4e8b\u52d9\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728 1770 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u96e2\u958b\u8fd1\u6771\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u5967\u65af\u66fc\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3002 \u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u751a\u81f3\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5916\uff0cIan Morris \u5f9e\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7368\u7279\u7684\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7368\u7279\u7684\u201d\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u4f86\u6307\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\uff08 pp 23\u3001261 \uff09\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u5805\u4fe1\u201c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff08 p 97 \uff09\u548c\u201c\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff08 p 99 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u5f9e\u516c\u5143\u524d 100 \u5e74\u5230\u516c\u5143 500 \u5e74\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u76f8\u61c9\u5730\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u516c\u5143 500 \u5e74\u5f8c\u4e2d\u570b\u53d6\u5f97\u9818\u5148\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u3002 \u4e00\u65e6\u201c\u6771\u65b9\u6642\u4ee3\u201d\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86 Ian Morris \u7684\u6bb7\u5207\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002 \u6b77\u53f2\u73fe\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u6109\u5feb\uff1b \u5510\u671d\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u201c\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u958b\u653e\u614b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u5176\u878d\u5165\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff08 p 342 \uff09\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u7a2e\u2018\u539f\u59cb\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u2019\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u201d\uff08 p 339 \uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u975e\u51e1\u201d\u6210\u5c31 \uff08 p 376 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u201d\u78ba\u5be6\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u69ae\u8b7d\u63d0\u540d\uff1a\u201c\u5230 700 \u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u5317\u90e8\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u5916\u570d\u201d\uff08 p 354 \uff09\u3002 \u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u6bd4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u6b77\u53f2\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1b \u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f86\u57cb\u846c\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f86\u5b8c\u5584\u5b83\u201d\uff08 p 353 \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u65a5\u8cac\u7576\u4eca\u201c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c08\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u201c\u767c\u73fe\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u2026\u2026\u5c07\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6587\u660e\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u5916\u4e26\u53cd\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff08 p 353 \uff09\u3002 \u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6210\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u6b50\u6d32\u3002 \u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u7121\u8f9c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7121\u504f\u898b\u7684\u201c\u5730\u7406\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65b7\u201d\uff08 p 41 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ian Morris \u6beb\u4e0d\u542b\u7cca\u5730\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u5167\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u795e\u8ad6\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u8b1b\u201c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u771f\u7406\u201d\uff08 p 325  \uff09\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u559c\u6b61\u653b\u64ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u201c\u6975\u7aef\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u7acb\u5834\u548c\u66b4\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u5730\u7528\u8edf\u624b\u5957\u7ba1\u7406\u201c\u52d9\u5be6\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u201c \u6771\u65b9\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u201d\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08 pp 324\u3001362\u3001372\u20133\u3001472\u20133  \uff09\u3002 \u5ba2\u89c0\u800c\u8a00\u6211\u5011\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u8a72\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u737b\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u7576\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002 \u5f9e\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u548c\u516c\u5143\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u878d\u5408\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u66f4\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u907a\u7522\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u6559\u5802\u3001Peter Abelard \u548c Aquinas \u5728 Ian Morris \u5206\u914d\u7d66\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u76db\u671f\u7684\u5169\u9801\u7d19\u4e2d\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u9084\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u201c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5b9a\u7fa9\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u6771\u897f \u2014\u2014 \u8ce4\u6c11\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u201d \u4f5c\u70ba\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u3001\u9ebb\u98a8\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u7570\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u2026\u2026\u53d7\u5230\u6050\u5687\u201d\uff08 p 370 \uff09\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u6a6b\u8de8\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6d0b\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u201c\u4ecd\u7136\u7121\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u201c\u5df2\u7d93\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86 Aztecs \u4eba\u4e26\u958b\u95e2\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6253\u52d5\u5b88\u9580\u4eba\u9084\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5929\u4e0b\u3002 \u6771\u65b9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u4ecd\u7136\u9060\u9060\u9818\u5148\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u2026\u2026\u5728 1521 \u5e74\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u8de1\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u897f\u65b9\u6703\u986f\u8457\u7e2e\u5c0f\u5dee\u8ddd\u201d\uff08 p 433\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b50\u6d32\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u201c1773 \u5e74\u201d\u7d42\u65bc\u8d95\u4e0a\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u4e26\u8d85\u904e\u4e86\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u3001\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7b49\u201c\u8001\u897f\u65b9\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u5730\u5340\uff09\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002 \u5728 Ian Morris \u7684\u4f30\u8a08\u4e2d\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u548c\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u4ecd\u7136\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002 \u2018\u725b\u9813\u7684&nbsp;&#8220;Principia&#8221;&nbsp;\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7d5e\u5211\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u4e94\u5e74\u5f8c\u554f\u4e16\uff0c\u800c\u5728 Massachusetts \u5dde Salem \u5973\u5deb\u5be9\u5224\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u524d\u4e94\u5e74\u3002 \u725b\u9813\u672c\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u5c0d\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u4e00\u6a23\u71b1\u8877\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff08 p 470 \uff09\u3002 John Locke&nbsp;\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46 \u201cVoltaire \u78ba\u5207\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u54ea\u88cf\u5c0b\u627e\u66f4\u958b\u660e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u201d\u3002 \u5112\u6559\u201c\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8ff7\u4fe1\u548c\u611a\u8822\u7684\u50b3\u8aaa\u3002\u201d\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u4ed6[Voltaire ]\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5df2\u7d93\u6311\u6230\u5c08\u5236\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e86\u201d\uff08 pp 472-3 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9019\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\uff0cIan Morris \u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff0c17 \u81f3 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u5834\u77e5\u8b58\u904b\u52d5\u201c\u8003\u6b63\u201d\u201c\u5728\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8207\u897f\u6b50\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u9769\u547d\u5e73\u884c \u2014\u2014 \u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\uff1a\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff08 p 473  \uff09\u3002Ian Morris \u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8209\u51fa\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u8b49\u64da\uff1f \u6c92\u6709 \u2014\u2014 \u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u9867\u708e\u6b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fb2\u696d\u3001\u63a1\u7926\u548c\u9280\u884c\u696d\u7684\u7c21\u77ed\u9673\u8ff0\uff1b \u986f\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u9810\u793a\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u65bc\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c0\u3002 \u5f8c\u4e16\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u4eff\u6548\u9867\u708e\u6b66\u63d0\u5021\u5be6\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81c6\u6e2c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011 \u201c\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u53e4\u4ee3\u9298\u6587[\u6f22\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b57]\u611f\u5230\u8208\u596e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5c0d\u63a1\u7926\u6216\u8fb2\u696d\u4e00\u6a23\u201d \u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u50cf\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u90a3\u6a23\u6a5f\u68b0\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u901a\u904e \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6545\u610f\u9078\u64c7\u725b\u9813\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8de8\u6d0b\u63a2\u7d22\u800c\u88ab\u5f15\u5c0e\u5230\u725b\u9813\u65b9\u5411\uff1b \u201c\u8de8\u8d8a\u5927\u6d0b\u7684\u65b0\u908a\u754c\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u91d1\u9322\u548c\u6642\u9593\u9032\u884c\u7cbe\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf\u2026\u2026[\u5982\u679c]\u4e0d\u61f7\u7591\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u592a\u9072\u920d\u4e86\u201d\uff08 p 476  \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b50\u6d32\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u6b77\u53f2\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u975e\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u7684\u201c\u5047\u8a2d\u201d\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u53d7\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002 \u5728\u5f9e\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff0c \u984c\u70ba\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u6642\u4ee3 The Western Age\u201d \uff0c \u7b2c 503 \u9801\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cIan Morris \u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6b50\u6d32 \u2014\u2014 \u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u901a\u904e Marx \u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8b74\u8cac\u7684\u68f1\u93e1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c 515 \u9801\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u6771\u65b9\u6642\uff0c\u201c \u5b83\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e4b\u624b\u201d\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3001\u5c48\u8fb1\u548c\u525d\u524a\uff08 p 520 \uff09\u3002 \u5f9e\u9019\u88cf\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6771\u65b9\u4eba\u540c\u5316\u897f\u65b9\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u201c\u9a5a\u4eba\u201d\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7684\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ian Morris \u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u8003\u616e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u6280\u8853\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8207\u6587\u5316\u554f\u984c\u7121\u95dc\u3002 \u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u95b1\u8b80\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002 \u53d7\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\u672a\u4f86\u5b78\u5bb6 Ray Kurzweil \u7684\u201c\u5947\u9ede\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u97ff\uff0cIan Morris \u63d0\u51fa \uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u5c07\u88ab\u6280\u8853\u4ee5\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u548c\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u201c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f Ian Morris \u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u6b50\u6d32\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8511\u8996\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002 \u5f9e\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u5c07\u201c\u62b9\u6bba\u820a\u5730\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5340\u5225\uff1b \u6211\u5011\u5c07\u201c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u7403\u6751\u201d\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c07\u201c\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5c07\u6771\u65b9\u5316\u201d\uff08 pp 589-90 \uff09\u3002  \u201c\u904e\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u5f9e\u897f\u65b9\u5411\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u8f49\u79fb\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 614 \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u628a\u8870\u843d\u8aaa\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u9ede\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\uff1b \u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u662f\u66ff\u63db\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d\u3002 \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0f\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff1a\u4ee5\u6975\u5927\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u770b\u5f85\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8870\u843d\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u6751\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c \u8207 Ian Morris \u7684\u5730\u7406\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u548c\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7121\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u751f\u6d3b\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ian Morris \u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3001\u66f4\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5927\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u201d\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u201d\u3002 \u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u9732\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002 \u5f9e\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u7684\u4eba\u70ba\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u505a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4ed6\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u571f\u5730\u7684\u80a5\u529b \u2014\u2014 \u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u55ae\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002 \u201c\u7121\u8ad6\u6211\u5011\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff1b \u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u8457\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u9806\u5e8f\u3002 \u897f\u65b9\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7279\u5225\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8981\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u5728 Ian Morris \u8eab\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u8655\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4eba\u6027\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff1b \u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5e95\u7dda\u201d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u6a23\u201c\u61f6\u60f0\u3001\u8caa\u5a6a\u548c\u6050\u61fc\u201d\uff08 p 194 \uff09\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u50be\u5411\u662f\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9a45\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u5730\u5716\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0f\u4f19\u5b50\u201d\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5275\u65b0\u7387\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u91cd\u8907\u4e86\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u7531\u61f6\u60f0\u3001\u8caa\u5a6a\u548c\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u4eba\u5275\u9020\u7684\u201d\uff08 pp 99\u3001112\u300126\u3001359\u3001467\u3001557\u3001559\u3001571\u3001618 \uff09\u3002 \u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u8072\u6642\uff0cIan Morris \u5728\u8a87\u5927\u5c0d\u201c\u74b0\u5883\u9000\u5316\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u898f\u6a21\u201d\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u9867\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8f15\u8511\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u7a31\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u201c\u7b28\u62d9\u7684\u767d\u75f4\u201d\uff08 pp 565\u3001568\uff0c 578\u3001616 \u5169\u6b21\uff09\u3002 \u9019\u88cf\u7f3a\u5c11\u82f1\u570b\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u7279\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6fc0\u767c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3001\u4ec1\u6148\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u201c\u540c\u80de\u60c5\u61f7\u201d\u3002Ian Morris \u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u5c0d\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5927\u773e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u66b4\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u201c\u611a\u8822\u201d\u3001\u201c\u767d\u75f4\u201d\uff0c\u800c Voltaire\u3001Diderot\u3001Horbach \u3001Helvetius,\u3001Lamettrie \u548c Rousseau \u5247\u4e0d\u6703\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0cIan Morris \u4e5f\u8511\u8996\u5049\u4eba\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u90fd\u5728\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u5049\u4eba\/\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u7b28\u62d9\u7684\u767d\u75f4\u5728\u5851\u9020\u6b77\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u5f9e\u672a\u50cf\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u767c\u63ee\u904e\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528 &#8216;\uff08 p 616\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u65bc\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0cIan Morris \u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 \u201cMorris Theorem\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u6574\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u7b2c 2 \u81f3 10 \u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5df2\u7d93\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u201d\uff08 p 559 \uff09\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u8b66\u544a\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u201c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u5c07\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\u3002 Ian Morris \u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0d\u8b58\u5b57\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u5c55\u671b\u66f4\u52a0\u958b\u660e\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0cIan Morris \u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u7d50\u675f\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb \u5206\u88c2\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u9632\u6b62\u5b83\u5011\u6467\u6bc0\u6211\u5011\u201d\uff08 p 622  \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\u8072\u7a31\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u552f \u4e00 \u4e00 \u4f4d\u5c07\u9577\u671f\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\u7d71\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 Ian Morris \u80fd\u5920\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u6211\u6bc0\u6ec5\u3002 \u78ba\u5be6\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u5bd3\u6559\u65bc\u6a02\u7684\u66f8\u6700\u5f8c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u5d1b\u8d77\u6216\u897f\u65b9\u8870\u843d\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u6700\u7d42\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5834\u908a\u6232\u3002 \u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u53cd\u566c\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a08\u5283\u51fa\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u70ba\u4fbf\u65bc\u638c\u63e1 &#8220;Why the West Rules&#8211;for Now&#8221; \u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u6293\u7dca\u5176\u4e2d\u95dc\u9375\u601d\u60f3\u5927\u53ef\u7e3d\u62ec\u5341\u500b\u91cd\u9ede <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1\uff1a\u7576\u4eca\u897f\u65b9\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u7406\u8ad6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63ed\u7a7f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2\uff1a\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u51b0\u6cb3\u6642\u4ee3\u5f8c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u958b\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\uff1a\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6301\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u5049\u5927\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u8208\u8870\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6\uff1a\u516c\u5143 1100 \u5e74\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u9054\u5230\u9802\u5cf0\uff0c\u4f46\u897f\u65b9\u5206\u88c2\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7\uff1a1000 \u81f3 1500 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u65b0\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7a81\u98db\u731b\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8\uff1a\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u897f\u65b9\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9\uff1a\u5118\u7ba1\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u4f46 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u4ecd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5dd4\u5cf0\u6642\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10\uff1a\u6771\u65b9\u6709\u671b\u5728 2103 \u5e74\u91cd\u65b0\u9818\u5148\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u672a\u77e5\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b64\u66f8\u7e41\u7c21\u9ad4\u7686\u6709\u8b6f\u672c\uff0c\u552f\u7e41\u9ad4\u8f03\u7b80\u4f53\u8b6f\u5f97\u597d\uff1b\u4f46\u7e41\u9ad4\u4e5f\u628a\u66f8\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53ca\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u5716\u7d66\u5220\u4e86&#8230;..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6e38\u5f6a\u5728\u300a\u5b8b\u53f2\uff1a\u6587\u6cbb\u660c\u76db\u8207\u6b66\u529f\u5f31\u52e2\u300b(\u4e09\u6c11\u66f8\u5c40\uff0c2009)\u4e2d\u66fe\u8ac7\u53ca\u5b8b\u671d\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u7576\u5176\u4e16\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u8d8a\u897f\u65b9\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5e1d\u738b\u6015\u4eba\u6c11&#8221;\u73a9\u5f04&#8221; \u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u7981\u6b62\u4eba\u6c11\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u800c\u7957\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u5b98\u5bb6\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u5b8b\u671d\uff0c Ian Morris \u8ac7\u53ca\u6c88\u62ec\uff08\u516c\u5143 1031-95 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5b8b\u4ee3\u535a\u5b78\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002Ian Morris \u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u9054\u6587\u897f\u8207 1800 \u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u6574\u500b\u6771\u4e9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u914d\u5c0d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c88\u62ec\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u767c\u73fe\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u8c8c\u5b78\u3001\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u7403\u5f62\u5929\u9ad4\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u6241\u5e73\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u5357\u91dd\u3001\u6697\u7bb1\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u6975\u661f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6821\u6b63\u65e5\u6708\u8aa4\u5dee\uff08\u5f8c\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u8ecc\u9053\u8def\u5f91\uff09( pp 419-420 )\u3002\u53c8\u6e05\u4e7e\u9686\u4e00\u4ee3\u6240\u7de8\u3001\u8a66\u5716\u8a18\u9304\u201c \u5929\u4e0b\u842c\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u5171 80 \u591a\u842c\u9801\u7684\u300a\u56db\u5eab\u5168\u66f8\u300b\uff0c\u90fd\u8db3\u4f7f\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u81ea\u547d\u4e0d\u51e1\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u6f22\u5510\u76db\u4e16\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u5176\u6642\u4ea6\u8db3\u4ee5\u201c \u50b2\u8996\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4f55\u4ee5\u5374\u7121\u4ee5\u70ba\u7e7c\uff1f\u96e3\u9053\u771f\u5982 \u201cThe Weirdest People in the World, How the West became psychologically peculiar and particularly prosperous\u201d \u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00\uff1fIan Morris \u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7740\u4e16\u754c\uff1f \u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u5728\u7576\u5176\u6642\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4f86\u8aaa\u5927\u7d04\u5728 1750 \u5e74\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u84b8\u6c7d\u548c\u7164\u70ad\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5f9e\u6b64\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u7ffb\u5929\u8986\u5730\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 \u5de5\u5ee0\u3001\u9435\u8def\u548c\u7832\u8266\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u5728 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/21\/why-the-west-rules-for-now-the-patterns-of-history-and-what-they-reveal-about-the-future\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2jQ","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8918"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8920,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8918\/revisions\/8920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}