{"id":8921,"date":"2023-05-23T14:55:19","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T14:55:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8921"},"modified":"2023-05-23T14:55:25","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T14:55:25","slug":"the-history-of-animals-a-philosophy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/05\/23\/the-history-of-animals-a-philosophy\/","title":{"rendered":"The History of Animals: A Philosophy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u8eab\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\uff0f\u52d5\u7269\u6642( \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4e5f\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00? \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7576\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u96e3\u6c11\u88ab\u68c4\u7f6e\u65bc\u570b\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\u6642) \uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u51cc\u67b6\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\uff0f\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u7576\u6b64\u4e4b\u6642\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u901a\u904e\u52d5\u7269\u56de\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Oxana Timofeeva \u7684 “The History of Animals: A Philosophy<\/a><\/em>” \u70ba\u63a5\u53d7\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u7531 \u2014\u2014 \u54ac\u6211\u5011\u3001\u6293\u6211\u5011\u3001\u4f4f\u5728\u6211\u5011\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u7406\u6703\u6211\u5011\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u5340\u5206\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u4f46 Timofeeva \u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u7246\u58c1\u548c\u908a\u754c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 Timofeeva \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u5b8c\u5168\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff1b \u63a5\u53d7\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u56de\u6b78\u6211\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u63a5\u53d7\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u901a\u904e\u6d88\u6975\u6027\u904b\u4f5c\uff1b \u662f\u62d2\u7d55\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u5316\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u201c\u52d5\u7269\u201d\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u5b83\u5206\u96e2\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e Aristotle \u5230 Descartes \uff0c\u518d\u5230 Hegel \u548c Bataille\uff0cTimofeeva \u7684\u9019\u672c\u4f5c\u54c1\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u7d93\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u500b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f \u90a3\u9ebc\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u5462\uff1f \u5169\u8005\u6709\u5340\u5225\u55ce\uff1f Timofeeva \u7684\u66f8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u731c\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u66f8\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002 \u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u5021\u201c\u56de\u6b78\u672c\u6e90\u201d\u3001\u201c\u56de\u6b78\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7334\u5b50\u751f\u610f\u201d\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u53cd\u5c0d\u6216\u9060\u96e2\u52d5\u7269\u672c\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6838\u5fc3\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u975e\u4eba\u985e\uff08\u52d5\u7269\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 “The History of Animals: A Philosophy<\/em>” \u8a66\u5716\u6253\u7834\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede \u3002 \u66f8\u4e2d\u8a8d\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8d8a\u662f\u60f3\u907f\u958b\u4eba\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u8d8a\u6703\u6389\u9032\u53bb\u3002 \u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7528\u4f5c\u6050\u5687\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u60f3\u6210\u70ba\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u8001\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002 \u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u90fd\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u64fa\u812b\u4eba\u985e\u8996\u89d2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u5224\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c3\u8003\u3002 \u9451\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u7121\u9650\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u88cf\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6070\u6070\u662f\u9019\u500b\u201c\u9664\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002 \u9019\u53ea\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u8c61\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5176\u6fc0\u9032\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002 \u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8faf\u8b49\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u975e\u5c07\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u8005\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1 \u2014\u2014 \u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u52d5\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d77\u8a34\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u548c\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u6703\uff1f \u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6392\u65a5\u52d5\u7269\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u4eba\u985e\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u3002 \u6c7a\u5b9a\u751a\u9ebc\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff1a\u6307\u63a7\u4e00\u982d\u54ac\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8c6c\u72af\u6709\u653b\u64ca\u7f6a\u4e26\u5728\u4e3b\u5ee3\u5834\u5c07\u5176\u65ac\u9996\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u904e\u8aaa\u4e00\u982d\u8c6c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u667a\u6167\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8b74\u8cac\u4f86\u70ba\u5176\u8faf\u8b77\uff1f\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6096\u8ad6\uff1a\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u8a66\u9a57\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u7c21\u76f4\u8352\u8b2c\u53ef\u7b11\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c60\u5bb0\u5834\u6587\u5316\u662f\u5426\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f \u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9020\u7269\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ecd\u7136\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u90fd\u662f\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u53ef\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u793e\u5340\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u8655\u4e00\u982d\u8c6c\u6b7b\u5211\u6216\u9a45\u9010\u4e00\u7fa3\u8001\u9f20\uff0c\u800c\u50cf Saint Francis of Assisi \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u9ce5\u985e\u4f48\u9053\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8c62\u990a\u7684\u5bf5\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea4\u8ac7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u6709\u6240\u53cd\u61c9\u4e36\u6211\u5011\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u61c2\u6211\u5011\u7684\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u88dd\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u8207\u5bf5\u7269\u4e00\u8d77\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u70ba\u89c0\u773e\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u4f46\u52d5\u7269\u4e0d\u662f \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u5730\u8868\u6f14\u3002 \u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904a\u6232\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u52d5\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u8aaa\u4e0d\u540c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff1b \u548c\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u901a\u904e\u66b4\u529b\u93ae\u58d3\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e92\u52d5\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96e3\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316 \u2014\u2014 \u6bd4\u5982\u53cb\u8abc\u3001\u540c\u5fd7\u60c5\u8abc\u3001\u611b\u548c\u95dc\u61f7\u3002\u9019\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5c60\u5bb0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6539\u8b8a\u4e26\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u82e6\u96e3\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u795e\u8056\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u760b\u72c2\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6d41\u6d6a\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u95dc\u5728\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u5712\u6709\u8457\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5145\u6eff\u6575\u610f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u52d5\u7269\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c24\u5176\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u7406\u6027\u901a\u904e\u5fb9\u5e95\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u65b0\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u4ea4\u53c9\u9ede\u662f Diego Vel\u00e1zquez \u7684 \u201cLas Meninas (1656) \u201d\u3002 \u5c0f\u4e11\u7684\u8173\u88ab\u8209\u5230\u5750\u5728\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u72d7\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002 \u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c \u2014\u2014 \u72d7\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u8e22\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u5f35\u5168\u5bb6\u798f\u4e2d\u7ffb\u51fa\u4f86\uff08\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u72d7\u9084\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff1a\u7562\u52a0\u7d22\uff09\u3002 \u5728 Descartes \u6392\u65a5\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff08\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u760b\u72c2\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u7121\u7de3\u7121\u6545\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u73fe\u5728\u5728 Descartes \u7684\u89e3\u5256\u684c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8089\u5e97\u88e1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8207\u6c34\u679c\u548c\u9152\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u5728\u76e4\u5b50\u88e1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foucault \u5728 “Order Of Things” \u4e2d\u9084\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Diego Vel\u00e1zquez \u7684 Las Meninas (1656)( p 49 )\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u516c\u4e3b\u548c\u5979\u7684\u96a8\u5f9e\uff1a\u4f34\u5a18\u3001\u966a\u8b77\u3001\u4fdd\u93e2\u3001\u5169\u500b\u5c0f\u77ee\u4eba\u3001\u4e00\u96bb\u72d7\u3001\u6b63\u5728\u756b\u5e03\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u738b\u548c\u570b\u738b\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u3002 \u5c0d\u798f\u67ef\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c”Las Meninas” \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u3002 \u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u8a8d\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u53ea\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u72d7\u4e0d\u50c5\u7167\u7ba1\u8457\u5b30\u5152\u548c\u5979\u7684\u96a8\u5f9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7167\u7ba1\u8457\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72d7\u6027\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u548c\u91ce\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u99b4\u5316\u4f86\u76e3\u63a7\u7684\u3002 \u72d7\u770b\u5b88\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96a8\u6642\u6e96\u5099\u6492\u91ce\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u3002 \u5728 Foucault \u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u760b\u72c2\u548c\u8ca7\u56f0\u7684\u6392\u9664\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u6392\u9664\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u5982\u4eca\u8ca7\u56f0\u5df2\u7d93\u6062\u5fa9\u3002 20\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9053\u5fb7\u88ab\u59a5\u5354\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u701f\u7051\u3002 \u760b\u72c2\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e73\u53cd \u2014\u2014 \u6211\u5011\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u767c\u760b\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u72c2\u91ce\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u537b\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u3002 \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u6392\u65a5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u760b\u72c2\u3001\u8ca7\u7aae\u548c\u7378\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u4e14\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728 \u2014\u2014 \u6bcf\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u8d95\u51fa\u53bb\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53c8\u56de\u4f86\u4e86\u3002 ( p 74 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5230\u5f9e\u6fc0\u9032\u7684 Descartes \u5f0f\u6392\u65a5\u5230\u6fc0\u9032\u7684 Hegel \u5f0f\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u201d ( p 71 ) \u3002\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u4e3b\u5bb0\u6b0a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u5b58\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u8b58\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u96b1\u55bb\u4e2d\u6b7b\u53bb\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc Hegel \u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u662f\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\uff1f \u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8faf\u8b49\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u3002 \u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u6211\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5e38\u8b58\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\uff08\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u4ed6\u4eba\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0cHegel \u7684\u6559\u8a13\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u8b8a\u6216\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u3002 \u5728\u8ca0\u9762\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u9a45\u4f7f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u52d5\u7269\u5171\u6709\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u908f\u8f2f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u5bb9\u884c\u70ba\u5fc5\u7136\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6392\u65a5\uff08\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e00\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6b0a\u5229\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\u5c07\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff1b \u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u8207\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u7d20\u98df\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\u5403\u690d\u7269 \uff09\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u908f\u8f2f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5426\u5b9a\u4f86\u5305\u542b \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002 \u52d5\u7269\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u958b\u7aef\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u9019\u7a2e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u7aef\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u88cf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u6240\u6575\u8996\u7684\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0cHegel \u9ad4\u7cfb\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002 \u5728\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6279\u8a55 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u7a2e\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u8207\u5c01\u9589\u548c\u7d71\u4e00\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u958b\u653e\u548c\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u60f3\u3002 Hegel \u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u5247\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u80af\u5b9a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u9996\u5148\u5426\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc Hegel \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u9019\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f \u9019\u5c31\u662f Hegel \u5c0d\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8af8\u5982\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u5426\u5b9a\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\u8ffd\u6eaf\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 \u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8faf\u8b49\u6642\u9593\u7684\u904b\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u7d50\u675f\u5148\u65bc\u958b\u59cb\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b83\u88ab\u8a18\u4f4f\u6642\u624d\u6703\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u624d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc Hegel \u4f86\u8aaa \uff0c\u771f\u7406\u8207\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8b8a\u5f97\u7121\u6cd5\u5340\u5206\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u8faf\u8b49\u6642\u9593\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u9055\u53cd\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u7e3d\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u986f\u793a\u70ba\u5f8c\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u5c60\u6bba\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u798f\u7949\u800c\u6b7b\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u3002 \u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u52d5\u7269\u4e5f\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a \u201c\u6b7b\u53bb\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u96b1\u55bb\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5fc5\u9808\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u66f4\u6df1\u3002 \u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373 Sigmund Freud \u548c Jacques Lacan\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc Hegel \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6700\u5f8c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86 Franz Kafka \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u72d7\uff0c\u65e2\u662fFreud \u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f Hegel \u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u72d7\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff08 Hegel \uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\uff08Freud \uff09\u3002 ( p 102 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6558\u4e8b\u8a66\u5716\u5f9e\u73fe\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u96b1\u85cf\u751a\u81f3\u66b4\u529b\u62b9\u6bba\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4ecd\u7136\u57fa\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u5974\u5f79\u3002 \u4f46\u5c07\u52d5\u7269\u7f6e\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u3002\u5f9e\u7576\u4ee3\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u5974\u96b8\u52de\u52d5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ee2\u9664\u5974\u96b8\u5236 ( \u975e\u4eba\u985e )\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u52d5\u7269\u5177\u6709 \u201c\u5931\u696d\u6d88\u6975\u60c5\u7dd2 unemployed negativity\u201d \u4e0d\u50c5\u6307\u52d5\u7269\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5152\u7ae5\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u3001\u8ca7\u7aae\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u5de5\u4eba\u7b49\u7684\u7121\u511f\u52de\u52d5\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\uff1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u5974\u96b8\u5236\u59cb\u65bc\u525d\u596a\u672c\u61c9\u70ba\u4e3b\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002 ( p 117 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 Alexandre Koj\u00e8ve \u5c0d Hegel \u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u76f8\u95dc \u2014\u2014 \u4e3b\u4eba\u662f\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6c11\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u5be6\u8b49\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u52de\u52d5\u7b49\u65bc\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u8a8d\u53ef\u65b9\u9762\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96e3\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4f5c\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff09\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u666e\u904d\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u4eba\u6b0a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9ebb\u7169\u5c31\u5f9e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u958b\u59cb\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002 \u975e\u4eba\u5316\u662f\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\uff1b \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u5974\u5f79\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u5178\u7bc4 ( p 108)\u3002 Bataille \u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u52d5\u7269\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Bataille \u6240\u7a31\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f2\u524d\u4eba\u985e\u4f86\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5d07\u62dc\u52d5\u7269\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u5fc5\u9808\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u61f6\u60f0\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u795e\u6027\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c . \u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5d07\u62dc\u9019\u7a2e\u9592\u6563\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5927\u773e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u8c93\u5d07\u62dc\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b3d\u4f69\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u61f6\u60f0\u3001\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u5c08\u6a6b\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6d6a\u8cbb\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc Bataille \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u52d5\u7269\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u88ab\u5708\u990a\u6216\u675f\u7e1b\u3002 ( p 122 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9b5a\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b26\u5408\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u3002\u5c0d Heidegger \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5167\u5728\u6027\u8207\u5176\u5167\u5728\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d Bataille \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5167\u5728\u6027\u5247\u6307\u5411\u904e\u5ea6\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002 Bataille \u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8ac7\u8ad6\u52d5\u7269\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u5167\u5728\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u5167\u5728\u6027\u6216\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u65b7\u88c2\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc Bataille \u7684\u52d5\u7269\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6307\u5411\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u6211\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5728 ‘Dialectics of the fish’ \u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86 ( p 125 )\u3002\u9b5a\u5728\u6c34\u91cc\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u5167\u5728\u6027\u6216\u8207\u672c\u8cea\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u6700\u7d42\u4e0a\u5cb8\u7684\u9b5a\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6558\u4e8b\uff1a\u4e00\u689d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9b5a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7576\u6cb3\u6d41\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u7b49\u7b49\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u5408\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9b5a\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u7559\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u3002 \u6309\u7167 Marx \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u7121\u7522\u8005\u548c\u9b5a\u7684\u8655\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3 \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f85\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u9b5a\u4e0d\u6703\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f35\u800c\u4e0a\u5cb8 \u2014\u2014 \u53ea\u6709\u5b83\u56e0\u6c61\u67d3\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u624d\u6703\u628a\u5b83\u6254\u4e0a\u5cb8\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u55ce\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u4e1f\u5931\u4e86\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Timothy Morton \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u884c\u661f\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u7269\u7a2e\u9593\u7684\u5718\u7d50\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u8207\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5718\u7d50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 Andrei Platonov \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u81f3\u9ad8\u7121\u4e0a \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u507d\u88dd\u7684\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u88ab\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6240\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u5728\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d \u88ab\u5225\u4eba\u5403\u6389\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u52d5\u7269\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8ca7\u56f0\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u5c0d\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff08\u5373 Platonov \u7684\u9b5a\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6975\u5ea6\u7121\u804a\uff08 the Russian toska<\/em>, p 151 \uff09\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u7368\u7279\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002 \u5f9e\u6558\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f49\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc \uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Platonov \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5408\u6642\u5b9c\u3001\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5f8c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u56da\u5f92\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5e78\u798f\u548c\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6f5b\u529b\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u6f5b\u529b\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u8de8\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5be6\u73fe\uff1a\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\uff0cPlatonov \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u50c5\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u570b\u969b\u6027\u7684 \uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f86\u81ea\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86 Platonov \u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5b87\u5b99\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u50c5\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u76e1\u5feb\u6539\u8b8a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u8aaa\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u9023\u52d5\u7269\u90fd\u6703\u767c\u760b\u3002 Toska<\/em>\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u7121\u804a\uff0c\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u932f\u4e82\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u79ae\u7269\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002 \u666e\u62c9\u6258\u8afe\u592b\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u690d\u7269\u90fd\u6703\u611f\u5230\u7121\u804a\u3002 \u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u975e\u5e38\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“The History of Animals: A Philosophy<\/em>” \u8a66\u5716\u62b9\u53bb\u4eba\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f9e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7576\u524d\u570d\u7e5e\u201c\u52d5\u7269\u554f\u984c\u201d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6642\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u90e8\u8b1b\u8ff0\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u7684\u6b77\u53f2 \u88ab\u611f\u50b7\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u5305\u88f9\u3002 \u5b83\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u52d5\u7269\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u6216\u88ab\u523a\u6fc0\u5230\u50cf\u5fb5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u52d5\u7269\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u6b77\u53f2\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u88ab\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u904e\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u8981\u56de\u6b78\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u56de\u6b78\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u50be\u807d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u745c\u4f3d\u3001\u751f\u7269\u88fd\u54c1\u3001\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u500b\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5546\u696d\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5065\u5be6\u8e10\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u9019\u500b\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u8b8a\u6216\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8207\u6b0a\u529b\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u3002 \u53ea\u8981\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230 \u201c\u6211\u5011\u201d \u8207 \u201c\u4ed6\u5011\u201d\u7684\u7bc4\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6703\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u4ed6\u5011\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u3001\u8868\u6f14\u6027\u7684\u3001 \u751a\u81f3\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u3002 \u8d85\u8d8a\u500b\u6027\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u5c07\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u50c5\u50c5\u7528\u4f5c\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u6216\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u627f\u8f09\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002 \u52d5\u7269\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u91cb\u653e\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u55ae\u7368\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff1a\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u3002 \u5982\u4f55\u5275\u5efa\u9019\u500b\u96c6\u9ad4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u7a2e\u9593\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u8eab\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\uff0f\u52d5\u7269\u6642( \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4e5f\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00? \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7576\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u96e3\u6c11\u88ab\u68c4\u7f6e\u65bc\u570b\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\u6642) \uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u51cc\u67b6\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\uff0f\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u7576\u6b64\u4e4b\u6642\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u901a\u904e\u52d5\u7269\u56de\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u8c93\u8c93\u72d7\u72d7\u4f86\u5230\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u908a\uff0c\u6211\u5011(\u4e5f\u8a31)\u6703\u53bb\u64ab\u6478\u7260(\u4ed6\uff1f)\u5011\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8df3\u86a4\u4f86\u5230\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f\u5b83(\u7260\uff1f\u4ed6\uff1f)\u5011\u54ac\u6211\u5011\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83(\u7260\uff1f\u4ed6\uff1f)\u5011\u662f\u60e1\u6bd2\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4eba\u985e\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u64c5\u9577\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u7684\u3001\u98df\u7269\u93c8\u9802\u7aef\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u5ba3\u7a31\u9818\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7a2e\u9593\u653f\u6cbb (interspecies politics\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\uff09\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u5dee\u7570\u4e26\u5275\u9020\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u3002) \u6703\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u4e92\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f71\u97ff\u5462\uff1f Oxana Timofeeva \u7684 “The History of Animals: A Philosophy” \u70ba\u63a5\u53d7\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u7531 \u2014\u2014 \u54ac\u6211\u5011\u3001\u6293\u6211\u5011\u3001\u4f4f\u5728\u6211\u5011\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u7406\u6703\u6211\u5011\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u5340\u5206\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u4f46 Timofeeva \u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u7246\u58c1\u548c\u908a\u754c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 Timofeeva \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u5b8c\u5168\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff1b \u63a5\u53d7\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u56de\u6b78\u6211\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u63a5\u53d7\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u901a\u904e\u6d88\u6975\u6027\u904b\u4f5c\uff1b \u662f\u62d2\u7d55\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u5316\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u201c\u52d5\u7269\u201d\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u5b83\u5206\u96e2\u3002 \u5f9e Aristotle \u5230 Descartes \uff0c\u518d\u5230 Hegel \u548c Bataille\uff0cTimofeeva \u7684\u9019\u672c\u4f5c\u54c1\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u7d93\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u500b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f \u90a3\u9ebc\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u5462\uff1f \u5169\u8005\u6709\u5340\u5225\u55ce\uff1f Timofeeva … Continue reading 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