{"id":8936,"date":"2023-06-04T08:49:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-04T08:49:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8936"},"modified":"2023-06-04T08:49:48","modified_gmt":"2023-06-04T08:49:48","slug":"the-philosophy-of-life-and-death-ludwig-klages-and-the-rise-of-a-nazi-biopolitic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/04\/the-philosophy-of-life-and-death-ludwig-klages-and-the-rise-of-a-nazi-biopolitic\/","title":{"rendered":"The Philosophy of Life and Death: Ludwig Klages and the Rise of a Nazi Biopolitic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Thomas Mann \u5c07 Ludwig Klages (1872-1956) \u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 criminal philosopher,\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6cdb\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 Pan-Germanist\u201d\u3001\u201c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 an irrationalist\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6cf0\u5c71\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Tarzan philosopher,\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6587\u5316\u60b2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u2026\u2026\u4e16\u754c\u8870\u843d\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba a cultural pessimist… the voice of the world’s downfall\u201d \u3002\u3002\u3002 \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728 1930 \u5e74 Walter Benjamin \u6566\u4fc3\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb Gershom Scholem \u95b1\u8b80 Ludwig Klages \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7576\u6642Ludwig Klages \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78 (Lebensphilosophie) \u8f49\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u5411\u3002Benjamin \u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5049\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8655\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u201d\u3002Lehigh \u5927\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Nitzan Lebovic \u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u5373\u5c55\u958b Ludwig Klages \u54f2\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u65e2\u6210\u70ba\u7d0d\u7cb9\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9748\u611f\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u5f9e Walter Benjamin \u5230 Giorgio Agamben \u7684\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6cc9\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitzan Lebovic \u7684 “The Philosophy of Life and Death: Ludwig Klages and the Rise of a Nazi Biopolitic<\/a><\/em>” \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u56db\u672c\u66f8\u5408\u800c\u70ba\u4e00\uff08\u6216\u8005\u662f\u95dc\u65bc Ludwig Klages \u6240\u6709\u56db\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u66f8\u7c4d\uff09\uff1a\u8f15\u9b06\u5730\u5c0d Ludwig Klages \u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u5c0d Lebensphiloshie \u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u548c\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u6311\u91c1\u6027\u722d\u8ad6\u5728\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u548c\u7576\u524d\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6a19\u8a8c\u4e0b\u5c0d\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 21 \u4e16\u7d00\u67d0\u4e9b\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u6575\u610f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5f9e\u4eca\u65e5\u770b\u4f86\uff0cLudwig Klages\uff081872-1956 \u5e74\uff09\u5982\u4eca\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5e6b\u52a9\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u6210\u529f\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00 \u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u9664\u4e86 \u201c\u7279\u5fb5\u5b78 characterolog<\/a>y\u201d\u00a0\u548c \u201c\u7b46\u8de1\u5b78 graphology<\/a>\u201d \uff0cKlages \u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u984c\u662f\u62d2\u7d55\u6280\u8853\u7406\u6027\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5275\u9020\u7684\u201c\u908f\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u3002\u5f9e\u611b\u6b32\u5230\u6e6e\u6ec5\uff0cLebovic \u8a8d\u70ba Ludwig Klages \u7684 ‘Lebensphilosophie\uff08\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\uff09’ \u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u201c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u878d\u5165\u7d0d\u7cb9\u8a00\u8ad6\u201d( p 1)\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u908f\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u591a\u5377\u5de8\u8457 “Der Geist als Widersacher der Seele<\/em>\uff081929-1932\uff09” \u4f86\u62b5\u5236\u3002 \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cLudwig Klages \u767c\u73fe\u7d0d\u7cb9\u570b\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u5316\u9818\u5c0e\u5c64\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u51b7\u6de1\u4e86\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c1945 \u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cLudwig Klages \u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u53cd\u7336\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u8abf\u56b4\u91cd\u640d\u5bb3\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8072\u8b7d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitzan Lebovic \u5728\u9019\u88cf\u8a66\u5716\u5206\u6790 Ludwig Klages \u7684 ‘Lebensphilosophie\uff08\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\uff09’ \uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5148\u5146\u8ad6\u6216\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u3002 Lebovic \u501f\u9452\u4e86 Michel Foucault\u3001Giorgio Agamben \u548c Roberto Esposito \u7b49\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1b\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0cWilhelm Reich\u3001Siegfried Kracauer\u3001J\u00fcrgen Habermas\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f Walter Benjamin \u7b49\u5de6\u50be\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c0d Klages \u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7279\u5225\u63a8\u52d5\u3002 Lebovic \u5c0d Ludwig Klages \u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u6b63\u662f \u201c\u5c0d Walter Benjamin \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u95b1\u8b80\u201d( p 1)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u50cf Benjamin \u9019\u6a23\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u6b23\u8cde Ludwig Klages \uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f8c\u8005\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u539f\u59cb\u7d0d\u7cb9\u9ed1\u5ba2\u800c\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u3002 Benjamin \u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5c0d Klages \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u8ff7\u6200\uff0c\u9019\u8b93 Benjamin \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u3002 \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u70ba Giorgio Agamben \u5c0d Benjamin \u7684\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5957\u5947\u7279\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u767c\u63ee\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u537b\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u4e86\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cLebovic \u63d0\u8b70\u8ffd\u6eaf \u201c\u9019\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u3001\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5316\u548c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u201d( p 1)\u3002 \u4ed6\u5f37\u8abf\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u201c\u6279\u5224\u6f5b\u529b\u201d( p 5 )\uff0c\u4e26\u53cd\u5c0d\u5c0d\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 \u201c1900 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8208\u8d77\u201d( p 5 ) \u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u70ba\u4e94\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6309\u6642\u9593\u9806\u5e8f\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 Ludwig Klages \u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\u7684\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u3002 Nitzan Lebovic \u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Ludwig Klages \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u8655\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u666f\u89c0\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002 \u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u7531\u65bc Ludwig Klages \u672c\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\u6982\u5ff5\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f9e\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u5b8c\u5168\u9023\u8cab\u7684 Ludwig Klages \u54f2\u5b78\u5716\u666f\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u66f4\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u662f\uff0cLebovic \u4e00\u518d\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cLudwig Klages \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8b8a\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u7d0d\u7cb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u88ab\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5438\u6536\u201d\uff08 p 4 \uff09\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Benjamin \u7684\u8208\u8da3\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5c0d Ludwig Klages \u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u95b1\u8b80\u9032\u884c\u7cfe\u6b63\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c Ludwig Klages \u53ca\u5176\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u8072\u7a31\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u662f\u201c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u53cd\u7336\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u6027\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u61f7\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lebovic \u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b Ludwig Klages \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u50b3\u8a18\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0d Ludwig Klages \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u50b3\u8a18\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u4ed6\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u54f2\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u80cc\u666f\u5316\u3002Ludwig Klages \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u7336\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u90fd\u662f\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 Theodor Lessing \u662f\u4ed6\u5728 Hannover \u7684\u5152\u6642\u597d\u53cb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6191\u85c9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5be6\u529b\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc 1933 \u5e74\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1 Czechoslovakia \u671f\u9593\u88ab\u7d0d\u7cb9\u66b4\u5f92\u6bba\u5bb3\u3002 Ludwig Klages \u5728 1899 \u5e74\u7a81\u7136\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u8207 Lessing \u7684\u53cb\u8abc\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba Lessing \u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u53cd\u7336\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u5728\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\uff0cLudwig Klages \u8207 Alfred Schuler \u548c Karl Wolfskehl \u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6df1\u5967\u7684 \u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u5708\u201d\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ed6\u56e0 Wolfskehl \u5c0d\u7336\u592a\u5fa9\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u800c\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5730\u9b27\u7ffb\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lebovic \u9084\u95dc\u6ce8 Ludwig Klages \u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\u548c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6027\u683c\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u9762\u76f8\u5b78\u3001\u9871\u76f8\u5b78\u3001\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7279\u5225\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86 Ludwig Klages \u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u7336\u592a\u6027\u683c\u5b78\u5708\u5b50 ( p 148ff. ) \u4e2d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86 Ludwig Klages \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u548c\u4fbf\u651c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fe0\u5be6\u5f1f\u5b50\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Hans Eggert Schr\u00f6der \u548c Hans Prinzhorn\uff0cLudwig Klages \u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u53cd\u5c0d Freud \u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002 \u5c0d Freud \u7684\u653b\u64ca\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc Johann Jakob Bachofen \u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u6bcd\u6b0a\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u8207 Freud \u7684 \u201c\u6c92\u6709\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u201d\uff08 p 121\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cLudwig Klages \u5ba3\u50b3\u4ed6\u7684 \u201c\u7279\u5fb5\u5b78\u201d \u548c \u201c\u7b46\u8de1\u5b78\u201d \u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9069\u7576\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 Klages \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u201c\u7d93\u9a57\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u8b93 Benjamin \u8457\u8ff7\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u85dd\u8853\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Emil Utitz \u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0cBenjamin \u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d \u201c\u7279\u5fb5\u5b78\u201d \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6b78\u529f\u65bc Ludwig Klages\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u201c\u6210\u70ba\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u548c\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4f86\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u53c3\u8003\u201d\uff08 p 150\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u79fb\u4ea4\u7d66\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0cLudwig Klages \u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377 “Der Geist als Widersacher der Seele<\/em>“\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7121\u60c5\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7bc7\u5e45\u5f88\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u978f\u56fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6575\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u8072\u8b7d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u6c89\u9189\u3001\u610f\u8c61\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u53cd\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u95dc\u6ce8 Ludwig Klages \u8207 Walter Benjamin \u548c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Alfred Baeumler \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u8f49\u578b\u67b6\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u6a4b\u6a11\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86 Lebovic \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4eae\u9ede\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff \u2014\u2014 \u901a\u5f80\u751f\u547d\u54f2\u5b78\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u9b4f\u746a\u5171\u548c\u570b\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\uff0cLebovic \u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86 Ludwig Klages \u548c Baeumler \u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u7684 Bachofen \u64a5\u6b3e\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u7570\u540c\u3002 Baeumler \u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u9593\u610f\u8b58\u5df2\u7d93\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u884c\u52d5\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6700\u7d42\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6070\u7576\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u7e7c\u627f\u4e26\u53c3\u8207\u4e86 Johann Jakob Bachofen\uff081815-1887 \u5e74\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u535a\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728Nietzsche \u5230\u4f86\u524d\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u5df4\u585e\u723e\u5927\u5b78 \u3002 Lebovic \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Bachofen \u5982\u4f55\u8b49\u660e\u5c0d\u9019\u4e09\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u85c9\u9451\u4e86 Bachofen \u7684\u201c\u53cd\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u795e\u8a71\u8c61\u5fb5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff08 p 102\uff09\u3002\u501f\u52a9 Bachofen\uff0cLudwig Klages \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6642\u9593\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u3002 Baeumler \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u54f2\u5b78 ( pp 107\u2013108)\u3002 Lebovic \u6ce8\u610f\u5230 \u2014\u2014 \u6b63\u5982\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u6c92\u6709 \u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6a23 \u2014\u2014 Bachofen \u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5728 Benjamin \u7684\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f ( p 91)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Benjamin \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7336\u592a\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76 Benjamin \u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2 \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u601d\u60f3 \u2014\u2014 \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitzan Lebovic \u95dc\u65bc\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0b Ludwig Klages \u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Ludwig Klages \u53d7\u5230 Alfred B\u00e4umler \u548c Alfred Rosenberg \u7b49\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u4f46\u8a72\u89e3\u91cb\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u201d \u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u7d0d\u7cb9\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002 Lebovic \u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u9ee8\u9010\u6f38\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86 Ludwig Klages \u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8a9e\u5f59\uff0c\u201c Ludwig Klages \u7684\u4eba\u751f\u54f2\u5b78\u201d\u6162\u6162\u8cab\u5fb9\u5230 \u201c1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 40 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7d0d\u7cb9\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2\u201d \u4e2d\uff08p 191\uff09\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0cLebovic \u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u81ea 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4ee5\u4f86 Ludwig Klages \u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005 Rudolf Bode\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7d0d\u7cb9\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u4ee5\u9ad4\u64cd\u548c\u201c\u8eab\u9ad4\u6587\u5316\u201d\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7576\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u201c\u4efb\u547d\u201d\u3002 Lebovic \u9084\u63d0\u5230\u4e86 1933 \u5e74\u7531 Ludwig Klages \u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d44 (Arbeitskreis f\u00fcr biozentrische Forschung)\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u8a66\u5716\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u9ee8\u5efa\u7acb\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 1936 \u5e74\u88ab\u95dc\u9589\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u8b49\u64da\uff0cLebovic \u95dc\u65bc Ludwig Klages \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78\u662f\u7d0d\u7cb9\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u4eba\u8a66\u5716\u901a\u904e\u7a2e\u65cf\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6210\u70ba\u7d0d\u7cb9\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u7d0d\u7cb9\u201c\u4fee\u8fad\u5b78\u201d\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5c0d\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6216\u4f9d\u8cf4 Ludwig Klages \u7684 ‘\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78’\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u610f\u898b\u5982\u4f55\uff0cLebovic \u5beb\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u6fc0\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u66f8\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u63d0\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u9677\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u8a66\u5716\u540c\u6642\u91dd\u5c0d\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff1a\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5728 Ludwig Klages \u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u50b3\u8a18\u3001\u5c0d\u4ed6\u751f\u524d\u548c\u751f\u5f8c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u548c\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5316\u201d\u4e4b\u9593\u6416\u64fa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u4eca\u95dc\u65bc ‘\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb’ \u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 ‘\u751f\u547d\u54f2\u5b78’ \u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 Lebovic \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u95e2\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86 Lebensphilosophie \u548c Ludwig Klages \u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u547c\u7c72\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u9032\u884c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thomas Mann \u5c07 Ludwig Klages (1872-1956) \u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 criminal philosopher,\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6cdb\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 Pan-Germanist\u201d\u3001\u201c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 an irrationalist\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6cf0\u5c71\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Tarzan philosopher,\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6587\u5316\u60b2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u2026\u2026\u4e16\u754c\u8870\u843d\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba a cultural pessimist… the voice of the world’s downfall\u201d \u3002\u3002\u3002 \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728 1930 \u5e74 Walter Benjamin \u6566\u4fc3\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb Gershom Scholem \u95b1\u8b80 Ludwig Klages \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7576\u6642Ludwig Klages \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u6d3b\u54f2\u5b78 (Lebensphilosophie) … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2k8","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8936"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8937,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8936\/revisions\/8937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}