{"id":8951,"date":"2023-06-15T03:34:11","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T03:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8951"},"modified":"2023-06-15T03:34:17","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T03:34:17","slug":"abolishing-freedom-a-plea-for-a-contemporary-use-of-fatalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/15\/abolishing-freedom-a-plea-for-a-contemporary-use-of-fatalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Abolishing Freedom: A Plea for a Contemporary Use of Fatalism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u5230\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u8aac\uff1a\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u8207\u908f\u8f2f\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u8a00, \u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aac\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u6839\u64da Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a>\uff1a\u300c\u5118\u7ba1\u201c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u9762\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u9762\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u672a\u4f86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u807d\u5929\u7531\u547d\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u4f86\u6307 \uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u80fd\u70ba\u529b\u505a\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u8ad6\u8b49\uff1a\u8a34\u8af8\u908f\u8f2f\u6cd5\u5247\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff1b\u901a\u904e\u8a34\u8af8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u672c\u8cea\uff1b \u901a\u904e\u8a34\u8af8\u56e0\u679c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002 \u7576\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u722d\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u908f\u8f2f\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d\uff08\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d\uff09\uff1b \u7576\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u722d\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u795e\u5b78\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d\u3002 \u7576\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u722d\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u73fe\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Abolishing Freedom: A Plea for a Contemporary Use of Fatalism<\/a>” <\/em>\u59cb\u65bc\u4e00\u53e5\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u4f46\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u8a71\uff1a\u5049\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff08 \u5982 Descartes\u3001Kant\u3001Hegel\u3001Freud \uff09\u4e5f\u63d0\u5021\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6 \u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5148\u9a45 \u2014\u2014 Luther\u3001Descartes\u3001Kant\u3001Hegel\u3001Freud \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u50c5\u634d\u885b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u634d\u885b\u5bbf\u547d\u548c\u5929\u610f\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u9019\u500b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u4e14\u770b\u4f3c\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0cFrank Ruda \u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u6700\u58de\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u7e3d\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff1b \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u3002 \u5728\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u8f15\u5feb\u800c\u6a5f\u667a\u7684\u5be9\u554f\u4e2d\uff0cRuda \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u624d\u80fd\u6cbb\u6108\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5c0d\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3001\u7d55\u5c0d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u548c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d \u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u3002Frank Ruda \u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u672c “Abolishing Freedom” <\/em> \u201c\u65e8\u5728\u5ee2\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u884c\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u201d ( p 1 )\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u540c\u6642\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u70ba\u58d3\u8feb\u5236\u5ea6\u8faf\u8b77\u3002\u201c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u201d \u662f\u6975\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u6230\u9b25\u53e3\u865f\u3002 \u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u516c\u5171\u798f\u5229\u666e\u904d\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u597d\u6230\u548c\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u96f6\u5de5\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6253\u7834\u9019\u7a2e\u50f5\u5c40\uff0cRuda \u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\uff01\u610f\u5716\u662f\u89e3\u653e\u7684\uff1b \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u53d6\u5411\u5960\u5b9a\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u63f4\u5f15 Marx \u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u201c\u70ba\u5ee2\u9664\u4e8b\u7269\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u904b\u52d5\u505a\u6e96\u5099\u201d \uff08 p 172\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cRuda \u5728 Badou \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u666f\u89c0\u4e2d\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u6e96\u5099\uff1a\u201c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u6e96\u5099 \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba Badiou \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u2018\u4e8b\u4ef6 event\u2019\u201d ( p 9 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5728 Marx \u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u4e26\u975e\u53f2\u7121\u524d\u4f8b\u3002 Gramsci \u5728 “Prison Notebooks” <\/em>\u4e2d\u8a55\u8ad6\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u5f31\u52e2\u5730\u4f4d\u6642\u771f\u5be6\u800c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u6240\u7a7f\u7684\u5916\u8863\u201d\uff08 “Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci<\/a><\/em>“. 1971 \u5e74\uff0cp 336 \uff09\u3002 \u5c0d Gramsci \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u610f\u8b58\u5728\u5931\u6557\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u88ab\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u4fdd\u52dd\u5229\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6240\u6fc0\u767c\u3002 \u8207 Ruda \u4e00\u6a23\uff0cGramsci \u62d2\u7d55\u6a5f\u68b0\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u7528\u9014\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 Ruda \u7684\u5206\u6790\u8207 Gramsci \u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u9060\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u50cf\u4ed6\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5728\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u627e\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u73fe\u6839\u672c\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u6b64\uff0cFrank Ruda \u8a66\u5716\u6839\u9664\u5c07\u81ea\u7531\u8996\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u6216\u5df2\u7d93\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u50be\u5411\uff1b \u201c\u88ab\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5728\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6027\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u73fe\u5be6\u6027\uff09\u201d\u3002 Ruda \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u201c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u201d( p 3 )\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u6216\u5be6\u9ad4\u5316\u88ab Ruda \u8996\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f Aristotle \u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u904a\u6232\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7e3d\u9ad4\u5316\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u548c\u653e\u68c4\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u9078\u64c7\u3002 \u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u5fc5\u884c\u4f7f\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u4e00\u7d44 \u201c\u6311\u91c1\u201d \u53e3\u865f\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6311\u91c1\u70ba Frank Ruda \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u58d3\u8feb\u6a19\u8a8c\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6b77\u53f2\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51b7\u6f20\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u80af\u5b9a\u559c\u5287\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5176\u53e3\u865f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018\u5f9e\u6700\u58de\u7684\u6253\u7b97\u958b\u59cb\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6a23\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a5\u53d7\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u5fd8\u8a18\u60f3\u50cf\u842c\u7269\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31\u7576\u4f60\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff01\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frank Ruda \uff0cUkinimo svobodo ( p xi )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u662f Frank Ruda \u201c\u559c\u5287\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6 comic fatalism\u201d \u7684\u53e3\u865f\u3002 \u5c0d Ruda \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u559c\u5287\u5728\u65bc \u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u88ab\u653e\u68c4\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ecd\u7e7c\u7e8c\u524d\u9032\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff08 p 168\uff09\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u9999\u8549\u76ae\u4e0a\u6ed1\u5012\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u751a\u9ebc\u4e5f\u6c92\u767c\u751f\u904e\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0cRuda \u8a66\u5716\u901a\u904e\u69cb\u5efa \u201c\u4e00\u7a2e Hegel \u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53cd\u6b77\u53f2\u201d \u4f86\u63a8\u5c0e\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5247 ( p 10 ) \u3002 \u4ed6\u65b7\u8a00\uff0c\u64c1\u62b1\u4ed6\u7684\u6e05\u55ae\u7684\u591a\u9918\u90e8\u5206\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ad6\u8b49\u98a8\u683c\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u5197\u9918\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u9ede\u540c\u7fa9\u53cd\u590d \u2026\u2026 \u60c5\u6cc1\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64 \uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u611f\u5230\u53ad\u7169\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u91cd\u8907\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u884c\u52d5\u3002 ( p 12 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6309\u7167\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4ed6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff1a Luther\uff08 Hegel \u7684\u524d\u594f\uff09\u3001Descartes\u3001Kant\u3001Hegel  \u548c Freud\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frank Ruda \u5f9e\u5f37\u8abf Luther \u548c Descartes \u7684\u5929\u610f\u8f49\u5411 Kant \u548c Hegel \u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 Ruda \u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u548c\u63a8\u6e2c\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d Descartes \u5728 “Passions of the Soul<\/em>”  \u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u8eab\u5fc3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d7\u5230 Kant \u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u7576\u6666\u6f80\u7684\u7576\u4ee3 Carl Schmid \u7684\u555f\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u6216\u5f37\u52a0\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u523b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9810\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cLuther \u5728\u8207 Erasmus \u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u8ffd\u96a8 St Paul\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u7688\u4f9d\u7d93\u6b77\u2026\u2026\u6c92\u6709\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff09\u5167\u5728\u9818\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u7684 \u2018\u5167\u5728\u2019 \u5f9e \u2018\u5916\u5728\u2019 \u5fb9\u5e95\u63a5\u8fd1\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u6703\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u88ab\u8feb\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u3002’\uff08 p 16 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frank Ruda \u90e8\u5206\u5730\u901a\u904e Luther \u4f86\u95b1\u8b80 Hegel\uff0c\u5f15\u7528 Hegel \u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u2018\u59cb\u65bc Luther \u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0[\u5f62\u5f0f] \u611f\u89ba\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u898b\u8b49\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d\u9818\u609f\u4ee5\u89e3\u812b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u201d\uff08 p 110 \uff09\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230 Hegel \u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u7e3d\u9ad4\u5316\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7e3d\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u8017\u76e1\u548c\u6d88\u6563\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u54f2\u5b78\uff08 \u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f Aristotle \u5f0f\u7684 \uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u529b\u6240\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u6d88\u5931\u6642\u624d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002’\uff08 p 111 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegel \u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u5404\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u5805\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bcFrank Ruda \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u3002\u7406\u6027\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5805\u6301\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u77e5\u8b58\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u904e\u9003\u907f\u5b83\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u4e0d\u65b7\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u77e5\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u57fa\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5 \u201c\u6574\u5408 integrated\u201d \u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002 Hegel \u7684 \u201c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d \u4e0d\u662f\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u5c0d Ruda \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u662f\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u201d\uff08 p 127 \uff09\u3002Ruda \uff0c\u5f88\u50cf Badiou \uff0c\u5c07\u9769\u547d\u548c\u589c\u5165\u611b\u6cb3\u4f5c\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7121\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5141\u8a31\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u901a\u904e\u611b\u60c5\u6216\u9769\u547d\u7684\u767c\u751f\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u3002 \u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u6a23\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u3002Ruda \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d \u662f\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u51fa\u73fe\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f3\u65bc Freud\uff0cFrank Ruda \u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u662f Hegel \u7684\u7ffb\u7248\u3002 \u5c31\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9762\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53e3\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u8d85\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u5176\u8a08\u5165\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002Ruda \u5f15\u7528 Lacan \u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u90a3\u4e9b\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u8a71\u8a9e\u7a7a\u6d1e\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u8a00\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u8a00\u4e4b\u7269\u4e0d\u61c9\u50cf\u5f9e\u7246\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u908a\u50b3\u4f86\u7684\u6572\u64ca\u8072\u90a3\u6a23\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u201d\uff08 p 135 \uff09\u3002Freud \u5f88\u660e\u78ba\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\u3002Ruda \u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u81ea\u7531\u7559\u51fa\u4e86\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u8b02\u7684 \u201c\u81ea\u7531\u806f\u60f3\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5fc3\u9748\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘\u9019\u88cf\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5 \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u7a2e\u8207\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u7d66\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7576\u6211\u88ab\u8feb\u548c\u88ab\u8105\u8feb\u6642\u6070\u6070\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002’ ( p 151 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5f97\u51fa Frank Ruda \u6700\u521d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6700\u5947\u602a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d Freud \u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684 \u201c\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u547d\u904b\u201d \u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u9032\u3002 \u7537\u5b69\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u751f\u5728 Oedipus \u60c5\u7d50\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u5b69\u5247\u6709\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u547d\u904b\u3002 Ruda \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9451\u65bc Freud \u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u96d9\u6027\u6200\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \uff0c\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8a08\u5283\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u50c5\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u3002 \u201c\u5973\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u767c\u5c55\u547d\u904b\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u6839\u64da Ruda \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u52c7\u6c23\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘\u5c0d Freud \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u9019\u500b\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u5973\u6027\u908f\u8f2f\u4e2d\u5973\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002’\uff08 p 163 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cRuda \u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u8a08\u5283\u5462\uff1f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u672c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5c07\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5e36\u5230 Frank Ruda \u4e00\u908a\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5176\u8868\u6f14\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u8207 Frank Ruda \u62d2\u7d55\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u70ba\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002Karl Marx \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u5728\u6b64\u6709\u6240\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002\u65e9\u5148\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u6279\u8a55\u8005\uff0cRuda \u8207 Marx \u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u300a\u8cc7\u672c\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c07\u5e02\u5834\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba \u201c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u4f0a\u7538\u5712\u201d\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u548c Bentham ( p 2 )\u3002 Ruda \u5076\u723e\u63d0\u5230 Marx\uff0c\u9019\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u500b\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\u3002 Marx \u7ad9\u5728 Ruda \u4e00\u908a\u55ce\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5426\u7406\u89e3\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u7684\u525d\u524a\uff1f \u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5426\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u70ba\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f \u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc Marx \u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u500d\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0cFrank Ruda \u7684\u9805\u76ee\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u8e10\u6709\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u601d\u8003\u9019\u7a2e\u5be6\u8e10\uff08 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u505a\u751a\u9ebc\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u662f\u5426\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86 Ruda \u62d2\u7d55\u7684 Aristotle \u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1f \u5b8c\u6210 “Abolishing Freedom” <\/em>\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u8981\u554f\uff0c\u5982\u679c Ruda \u662f\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u7531\u627f\u64d4\u81ea\u5df1\u547d\u904b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u5ee2\u9664\u5462\uff1f \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u91cd\u69cb\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u8eab Martin Luther \uff09\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u6279\u8a55\u91dd\u5c0d\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u3002 \u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u6709\uff08\u548c\u64c1\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u64fa\u812b\u9019\u7a2e\u9810\u8a2d\uff1f\u7406\u6027\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5f80\u6700\u58de\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u60f3\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6700\u58de\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u4f54\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u7531\u6211\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5bec\u5bb9\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6839\u672c\u50f5\u5c40\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Abolishing Freedom” <\/em>\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u8005\u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\uff08\u9078\u64c7\u7684\uff09\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u9019\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u60b2\u5287\u6027\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u865b\u7121\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6ed1\u7a3d\u7684\u3002\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u559c\u5287\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e72\u5c31\u662f\u5931\u53bb\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08\u81ea\u7531\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7684\u5999\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5b83\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u9762\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6df1\u6df5\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff08\u901a\u904e\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u5230\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u8aac\uff1a\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u8207\u908f\u8f2f\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u8a00, \u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aac\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u6839\u64da Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy\uff1a\u300c\u5118\u7ba1\u201c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u9762\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u9762\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u672a\u4f86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u807d\u5929\u7531\u547d\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u4f86\u6307 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\u53cd\u99c1\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u5373\u514d\u65bc\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fa9\u6d3b\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u8a13\uff1a\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5c0d\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3001\u7d55\u5c0d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u548c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u3002 … Continue reading 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