{"id":8955,"date":"2023-06-19T14:26:45","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T14:26:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8955"},"modified":"2023-06-19T14:26:51","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T14:26:51","slug":"irrationality-a-history-of-the-dark-side-of-reason","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/19\/irrationality-a-history-of-the-dark-side-of-reason\/","title":{"rendered":"Irrationality: A History of the Dark Side of Reason"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u967d\u5149\u4e4b\u4e0b\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5f71\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709\u9ed1\u6697\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5e74\u4f86\u7121\u8ad6\u6771\u897f\u3001\u7121\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u843d\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u8207\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u64fa\u862f\u3002\u90a3\u908a\u53a2\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u5e03\u6797\u80af\uff08Antony Blinken \uff09\u9031\u65e5\u62b5\u9054\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u6a5f\u5373\u53d7\u8fb1\u3002\u7957\u56e0\u63a5\u6a5f\u73fe\u5834\u6c92\u6709\u7d05\u6bef\u53ea\u6709\u7d05\u7dda\u3002\u4f46\u53d7\u8fb1\u8207\u5426\u4e5f\u5728\u65bc\u4ee5\u4f55\u8996\u89d2\u89c0\u4e4b\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u5148\u6709\u5931\u570b\u683c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u884c\u70ba\u793a\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u4eba\u53c8\u6703\u8207\u4e4b\u8a08\u8f03\u55ce\uff1f\u6cc1\u4e14 \uff0c\u570b\u8207\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u5230\u982d\u4f86\u770b\u7684\u9084\u5728\u7d42\u7a76\u5229\u76ca\u8ab0\u9700\u8981\u8ab0\u3002\u541b\u4e0d\u898b\u5916\u9577\u7684\u90a3\u756a\u8a71\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f2020 \u5e74 \uff0cDonald Trump \u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5beb\u65bc\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u9ede\u7db4\u8457\u8b0a\u8a00\u4e4b\u82b1\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u7de8\u5e74\u53f2\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c07\u7576\u524d\u6642\u523b\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7316\u7357\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4e00\u76f4\u61f7\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc \u00a0\u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Irrationality-Justin-E-H-Smith-audiobook\/dp\/B07NGN6RR5\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2N8AUG7X0GIDZ&amp;keywords=Irrationality%3A+A+History+of+the+Dark+Side+of+Reason&amp;qid=1687184606&amp;sprefix=irrationality+a+history+of+the+dark+side+of+reason%2Caps%2C593&amp;sr=8-1\">Irrationality: A History of the Dark Side of Reason<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u8d70\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u554f\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u7d93\u4e0d\u540c\u904e\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u7368\u7279\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u904e\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u5728\u555f\u8499\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7406\u6027\u8207\u975e\u7406\u6027\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u4f86\u56de\u6fc0\u76ea\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6545\u4e8b\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u8a18\u8f09\u7740\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d 5 \u4e16\u7d00\u7562\u9054\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684 Hippasus \u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6355\u9b5a\u822a\u884c\u4e2d\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u540c\u4f34\u6df9\u6b7b\u5728\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u7957\u56e0 Hippasus \u900f\u9732\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u5c0d\u7531\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u8ae7\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1a\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u5c0d\u89d2\u7dda\u8207\u5176\u908a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u70ba\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u9650\u4e0d\u5faa\u74b0\u5c0f\u6578 \u2014\u2014 \u5373 \u201c\u7121\u7406\u6578 irrational\u201d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u8aaa\u70ba \u201c<em>Irrationality<\/em>\u201d \u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u7406\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u611f\u5230\u7126\u616e \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E H Smith \u662f Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 \u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u5305\u62ec Leibniz\uff0c\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u751f\u7269\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u770b\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7dca\u8feb\u611f\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6b63\u5728\u5c0d\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u6027\u5728\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u9032\u884c\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\u3002Steve Bannon \u548c Peter Thiel \u7b49\u516c\u958b\u53cd\u5c0d\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u516c\u773e\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6b7b\u7070\u5fa9\u71c3\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u3002Steven Pinker \u548c Jordan B. Peterson \u7b49\u81ea\u5c01\u7684\u958b\u653e\u793e\u6703\u634d\u885b\u8005\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u8072\u7a31\u64c1\u8b77\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u591a\u9ebc\u8106\u5f31\uff09\u8207\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u5224\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u9b25\u722d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u555f\u8499\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u5f37\u8005\u58d3\u8feb\u908a\u7de3\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E H Smith \u56e0\u9677\u5165\u81ea\u6211\u6bc0\u6ec5\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u5931\u8aa4\u800c\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u64fe \u2014\u2014 \u5c0d\u6a5f\u69cb\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u8755\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8a71\u8a9e\u53d7\u5230\u8150\u8755\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65e5\u76ca\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u76e3\u7ba1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u795e\u8a71\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5fa9\u8208 \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5c07\u5176\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6416\u6416\u6b32\u589c\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e0d\u52a0\u6279\u5224\u5730\u634d\u885b\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u907a\u7522\u6301\u8b39\u614e\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u65e2\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u5176\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u7d42\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u6975\u5176\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u555f\u8499\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u5176\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u8868\u819a\u6dfa\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSmith \u6279\u8a55 Peterson \u6c92\u6709\u8a3b\u610f\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u5147\u6b98\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u6b0a\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u201c<em>Irrationality<\/em>\u201d \u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u5e45\u5716\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f5c\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0cSmith \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6d89\u7375\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3002\u9762\u5411\u666e\u901a\u89c0\u773e\u7684 \u201c<em>Irrationality<\/em>\u201d \u4e0d\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u6452\u68c4\u4e86 \u201c\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5e74\u8868\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u8072\u7a31\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56e0\u679c\u9806\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5Smith \u6b78\u529f\u65bc Michel Foucault \u7684\u98a8\u683c \u201c\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u7576\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u4f55\u8b8a\u6210\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\u7684\u5ee3\u95ca\u5716\u666f\u201d( p 288 )\u3002Smith \u6309\u4e3b\u984c\u7d44\u7e54\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u4e5d\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u90fd\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6f5b\u5728\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff1a\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3001\u5922\u60f3\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u60f3\u50cf\u3001\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u3001\u7b11\u8a71\u548c\u8b0a\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u5f9e\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u767c\u8072\u3002\u4ee5\u514d\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u63d2\u5716\u548c [&#8230;] \u6709\u6307\u5c0e\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u88dd\u98fe\u201d\uff08 p 6 \uff09\u8b93\u60a8\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u5927\u96dc\u71f4\uff0c\u5728 \u201c<em>Irrationality<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6e05\u6670\u8868\u8ff0\u548c\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u7cbe\u88dd\u672c\u7684\u9632\u5875\u5957\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u7406\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u76f4\u7dda\u5169\u7aef\u7684\u5169\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u7121\u76e1\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u8a95\u751f\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8a66\u5716\u6c38\u4e45\u5e73\u606f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u975e\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u935b\u7149\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u683c\u5f0f\u5c0d Smith \u4f86\u8aaa\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff1b\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7\u8655\u7406\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e5f\u8a31\u7406\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u7e2b\u5730\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u9818\u57df\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u6bc0\u6ec5\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5438\u7159\u9084\u662f\u958b\u8eca\u6642\u8d85\u901f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u885d\u52d5\u3001\u9b6f\u83bd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0cSocrates\u5df2\u7d93\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u5047\u88dd\u4f60\u5c07\u6c38\u9060\u6d3b\u8457\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Smith \u7684\u7b46\u4e0b\uff0cHippasus \u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5929\u751f\u9670\u6697\u4e14\u96e3\u4ee5\u8abf\u67e5\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u53f2\u8c50\u5bcc\u5bd3\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9000\u5316\u70ba\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u719f\u6089\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684 \u201c\u975e\u7406\u6027 irrationality\u201d \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u542b\u7fa9 \u2014\u2014 \u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7d04\u6027\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u7834\u7522 \u3001\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u71b1\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u7562\u9054\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u8b00\u6bba\u6848\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4fb5\u5165\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u88ab\u9a45\u9010\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7528 Smith \u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u662f\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u7406\u6027\u8abf\u67e5\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8faf\u8b77\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5fb7\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6 Theodor Adorno \u548c Max Horkheimer \u5728 &#8220;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Dialectic-Enlightenment-Cultural-Memory-Present\/dp\/0804736332\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1I8R55W6VTLZ4&amp;keywords=Dialectic+of+Enlightenment&amp;qid=1687184781&amp;sprefix=dialectic+of+enlightenment%2Caps%2C423&amp;sr=8-1\">Dialectic of Enlightenment<\/a><\/em>\u300a\u555f\u8499\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u300b, 1944&#8243; \u4e2d\u6240\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u90a3\u6a23 \uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9805\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u898b\u5730\u9000\u5316\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u795e\u8a71\u5316\u7684\u72c2\u71b1\u3002 \u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\uff0c\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d \u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u6b67\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u984c\u51fa\u767c\uff0c&nbsp;&#8220;<em>Irrationality&#8221; <\/em>\u62fc\u6e4a\u51fa\u4e00\u5e45\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u756b\u50cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7406\u6027\u8207\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u4e92\u63a8\u62c9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86 \u201c\u555f\u8499\u8207\u53cd\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u95dc\u4fc2\u201d\u3002 \u555f\u793a\u3002\u201d ( p 24 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E H Smith \u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u6a23\u5805\u5b9a\u5730\u653e\u5728\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u7576\u524d\u6642\u523b\u3002 Smith \u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u201c\u5c0b\u6c42\u6d88\u9664\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u935b\u7149\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201d( P 6 )\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u7aef\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6642\u523b\u201d( P 18 )\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0cSmith \u7d93\u5e38\u56de\u9867\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Smith \u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RmxF264KyIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7db2\u7d61\u767d\u76ee internet trolls<\/a>\u3001Twitter\u3001<em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/8682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u53e6\u985e\u53f3\u7ffc<\/a>\u548c \u201c\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u5de6\u6d3e the illiberal left\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002 \u6839\u64da Smith \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u6574\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u73fe\u50cf\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u8faf\u8b49\u5730\u5f9e\u7406\u6027\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u5f0f\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u9084\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u80fd\u5920\u4f5c\u70ba Habermas \u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab \u201c\u4fb5\u7565\u548c\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d \u6293\u4f4f\u4e86 ( P 19 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E H Smith \u78ba\u5be6\u5c0d\u7576\u524d\u6642\u523b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u800c\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u8457\u4ed6\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u8655\u7406\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u59cb\u7d42\u4fdd\u6301\u9019\u7a2e\u7d30\u5fae\u5dee\u5225\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c07 Twitter \u6279\u8a55\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u6bdb\u6d3e\u7684\u5019\u88dc\u8005\uff0c\u53c3\u8207 \u201c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u7d1a\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6e05\u6d17\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u5beb\u9053 \u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7db2\u4e0a\u8301\u58ef\u6210\u9577\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u6700\u6b98\u9177\u548c\u6700\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u7269 \u2026\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=O4PIf5zM840\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Robespierres \u548c Berias<\/a>\u201d\uff08 P 211 \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8996 2016 \u5e74\u5927\u9078\u4e2d\u7684 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2016\/nov\/04\/political-memes-2016-election-hillary-clinton-donald-trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6a21\u56e0\u6230\u722d meme warfare<\/a>\u201d( P 16 )\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07 \u201c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d \u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u6a21\u56e0\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u7cbe\u901a\u6280\u8853\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8faf\u8ad6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u201d( P 18 )\u3002\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/article\/how-oxford-taught-the-no-platformers-a-lesson\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7121\u5e73\u53f0\u8005 No-platformers<\/a>\u201d \u985e\u4f3c\u65bcRobespierres \uff0c\u4e26\u6e96\u5099\u6bc0\u6389\u751f\u547d \u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u689d\u63aa\u8fad\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u63a8\u6587\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u95dc\u65bc\u6027\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5148\u5929\u6027\u201d\uff08 P 227 \uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b \u201c\u570d\u7e5e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u65b0\u5b78\u8853\u4fdd\u8b77\u7403\u62cd\u201d \u62d2\u7d55\u63a5\u53d7\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a34\u8af8 \u201c\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u570d\u653b\u201d\uff08 P 223 \uff09\u3002Smith \u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7269\u8996\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u8aaa\u7684\u3002 \u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u7d66\u4e88\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4ee5\u95dc\u6ce8\u4ed6\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f97\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u597d\u662f\u58de\uff0cSmith \u90fd\u8d85\u904e\u4e86\u9019\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5047\u88dd\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5c0f\u8ca9\u7684\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\u722d\u5435\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u50cf\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u8aaa\u660e\u7406\u6027\u8207\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5 \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u6839\u9664\u975e\u7406\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5360\u64da\u7d71\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u5c31\u8ce3\u7a7a\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5728&nbsp;&#8220;<em>Irrationality&#8221; <\/em>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9858\u8003\u616e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u5207\u5165\u5f97\u66f4\u6df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1 Justin E. H. Smith \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6 \u2014\u2014 \u6b0a\u5a01\u548c\u6a5f\u667a\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u5929\u8ce6\u7570\u7980\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6316\u6398\u548c\u95e1\u8ff0\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u8ffd\u5c0b\u5230\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9 \u2014\u2014 \u7c21\u8981\u7e3d\u7d50\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5f27\u7dda\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6311\u6230\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6563\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u9010\u6f38\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u55ae\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7dda\u6027\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u898b\u89e3\uff0cSmith \u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u4e9b\u898b\u89e3\u5c07\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u639b\u6bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u524d\u5169\u7ae0\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u6b67\u7fa9\u548c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u201cThe Self-Devouring Octopus; or, Logic\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;\uff0c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u9ebb\u7169\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u8aaa\u660e\u5b83\u8207\u4fee\u8fad\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f \u201c\u5b83\u8a95\u751f\u65bc\u8faf\u8ad6\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u8996\u771f\u7406\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52dd\u5229\u4f5c\u70ba\u8faf\u8ad6\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u201d ( p 27 )\uff0c\u9019\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u8a6d\u8faf\u5bb6\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8a6d\u8faf\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u88ab\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540c\u884c\u6307\u8cac \u201c\u8b93\u8f03\u5f31\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u201d ( p 28 )\u3002 \u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u908f\u8f2f\u8b2c\u8aa4\u8457\u8ff7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4e0d\u7adf\u5206\u89e3\u6216\u7206\u767c\u70ba\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u4e09\u6bb5\u8ad6\u662f\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u908f\u8f2f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u6210\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8a6d\u8faf\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002Smith \u7a31\u5b83\u5011\u70ba \u201c\u8b8a\u8cea\u3001\u51dd\u56fa\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u5f62\u5f0f [\u2026\u2026] \u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u8a98\u4eba\u201d\uff08 p 33 \uff09\u3002\u52a0\u8f09\u7684\u554f\u984c \u201c\u4f60\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u505c\u6b62\u6bc6\u6253\u4f60\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff1f\u201d \u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f97\u5230 \u201c\u6211\u5f9e\u6c92\u6253\u904e\u6211\u8001\u5a46\u201d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5f15\u4f86\u5f8c\u7e8c \u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6253\u4f60\u8001\u5a46\u201d\u3002 \u8207\u7b11\u8a71\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5b83\u5011 \u201c\u8d77\u5230\u5c0f\u7206\u70b8\u3001\u7159\u9727\u5f48\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u63a8\u9032\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6642\u5f15\u7206\u8ff7\u60d1\u6216\u7729\u6688\u201d\uff08 p 35 \uff09\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u555f\u8499\u7406\u60f3 \u201c\u5df2\u7d93\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u6050\u5687\u548c\u5c0d\u6297\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u68d2\u201d\uff08 p 188 \uff09\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u60f3\u60f3\u6700\u8fd1\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u53e3\u865f\u4e0b\u6e38\u884c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E. H. Smith \u654f\u92b3\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u932f\u8aa4\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5099\u7528\u4f8b\u8b49 \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u4f60\u64c1\u6709\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff1b \u4f46\u4f60\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u904e\u4f60\u7684\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u89d2\u201d ( p 33 ) \u2014\u2014 \u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u500b\u7b11\u8a71\u3002\u4ed6\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\uff0c\u7b11\u8a71\u6216 \u201c\u51dd\u56fa\u7684 curdled\u201d \u4e09\u6bb5\u8ad6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fee\u8fad\u5927\u7832\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6230\u722d\u57fa\u91d1\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u4f54\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u3002 Smith \u5c07\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7a31\u70ba \u201cgelastics\u201d ( p 26 )\uff0c\u4ee5 gelos \u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u662f\u7b11\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5e7d\u9ed8\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9670\u6697\u9762\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u8cab\u7a7f\u5168\u66f8\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9e\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Slavoj \u017di\u017eek \u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u6771\u65b9\u5316\u7684\u8a6d\u8a08 \u2026\u2026 \u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u6210\u4f86\u81ea\u6771\u65b9\u96c6\u5718\u67d0\u8655\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u666e\u901a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u201d \u9019 \u201c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u7834\u58de\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u6216\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8654\u8aa0\u3002\u201d \u017di\u017eek \u7684 \u201c\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u672c\u7570\u5e38\u7c21\u660e\u7684\u7b11\u8a71\u66f8\u800c\u88ab\u4eba\u5011\u8a18\u4f4f\u201d ( pp 45\uff0c46 )\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5c0d&nbsp;Leibniz \u7b49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u8b74\u8cac\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u8db3\u5920\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u901a\u904e \u201c\u8a08\u7b97 computation\u201d \u89e3\u6c7a\u4efb\u4f55\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe Self-Devouring Octopus; or, Logic\u201d&nbsp; \u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7684\u8f03\u5f31\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u7684\u3002 Smith \u8003\u5bdf\u4e86 Plotinus \u7684\u50b3\u8a18\u4f5c\u8005\u8ce6\u4e88\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u72c2\u559c\u3001Zeno \u7b49\u53e4\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684 \u201c\u6096\u8ad6\u88fd\u9020 paradox- mongering\u201d\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5805\u6301\u7de8\u9020 \u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u201d ( p 46 )\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u5177\u6709\u90aa\u6559\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ea\u662f\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7d93\u9a57\u5145\u5206\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u800c Smith \u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u767d\u3002 \u7a0d\u5f8c\u6703\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff0c\u201c&nbsp;\u201cNo- Brainers\u201d; or, Reason in Nature&nbsp;\u201d \u662f\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4eae\u9ede\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002Smith \u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u55ae\u8a5e logos \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5ee3\u5ea6\u5728\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e2d\u88ab\u7e2e\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f \u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u4e2d\u7684 \u201cverbum\u201d \u6216 \u201cword\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u7136\u5f8c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u5011\u907a\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u548c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u3002 \u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u611f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53e4\u4ee3\u7562\u9054\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b78\u6d3e\u5c0d\u6f5b\u4f0f\u5728\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u5c0d\u89d2\u7dda\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u201d\u5982\u6b64\u6050\u61fc \u2014\u2014 \u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e26\u975e\u50cf\u97f3\u7a0b\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u7531\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u69cb\u5efa\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E. H. Smith \u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u8f03\u65e9\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a8\u9032\u52d5\u7269\u7406\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u52d5\u7269 \u201c\u4e0d\u523b\u610f\uff1b \u6b63\u5982\u4fd7\u8a71\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u5207\u5165\u6b63\u984c\u201d ( p 59 )\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u5047\u601d\u7d22\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u672c\u6027\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u201c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u932f\u201d\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\uff0cSmith \u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u5c07\u7406\u6027\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u8b49\u64da\u8b49\u660e\u5b83\u5011\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u201c\u884c\u696d\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u61f7\u9336\u4f5c\u70ba\u69cb\u5efa\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u9ad4\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684 \uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u7121\u9700\u52d5\u8166\u7b4b\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002( p 62 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u88e1\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5f88\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6536\u7a6b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u542b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u201cThe Sleep of Reason; or, Dreams\u201d \u548c \u201cDreams into Things; or, Art&nbsp;\u201d\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u5728\u7406\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u2018\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u2019\uff1b \u6216\u8005\uff0c\u201c\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9670\u8b00\u8ad6\u548c\u201c\u53e6\u985e\u4e8b\u5be6\u201d\u7684\u5206\u985e\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc Smith \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u8b8a\u7a2e\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u76f8\u4fe1\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5e73\u7684\u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u5df2\u88ab\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u6240\u58d3\u5236\u662f \u201c\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u901a\u904e\u5546\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\u89e3\u6c7a\u5206\u6b67\u201d ( p 150 )\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u5df2\u88ab\u7576\u6b0a\u8005\u7121\u53ef\u6551\u85e5\u5730\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u516c\u773e\u5be9\u8b70\u7684\u8868\u50cf\u53ea\u662f\u7159\u5e55\u5f48\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u8207 Jason Josephson-Storm \u7684&nbsp;&#8220;<em>The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences<\/em>&#8221; \u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8b80\u7269\u3002 Smith \u548c Josephson-Storm \u90fd\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u5c0d\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u5e38\u6216\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728&nbsp;\u201cThe Human Beast; or, the Internet\u201d&nbsp;\u548c \u201cExplosions; or, Jokes and Lies\u201d Smith \u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u70ba\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u63a8\u7406\u800c\u958b\u767c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u626d\u66f2\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u5f9e Jules Allix \u7684\u975e\u51e1\u6545\u4e8b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53e4\u602a\u7684 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u570b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u7a2e\u901a\u904e\u8778\u725b\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u78c1\u6027\u4f86\u50b3\u905e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6b3a\u8a50\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0cSmith \u5c07\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8b1b\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u6bb5\u5931\u671b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u4e0d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u5e1d\u570b\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u53d7\u6c11\u4e3b\u76e3\u7763\uff0c\u96aa\u60e1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u7d93\u6b96\u6c11\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc 2016 \u5e74\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5de8\u9b54\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u5916\u570b\u52e2\u529b\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u672c\u571f\u8f15\u6d6e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8208\u8da3 \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u64f4\u6563 manspreading\u201d\uff0cRachel Dolezal\uff0c\u90a6\u806f\u65d7\u5e5f\u7684\u542b\u7fa9 \u2014\u2014 \u4f5c\u70ba\u52a0\u901f\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u6211\u6bc0\u6ec5\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 \u201c\u627f\u8a8d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u532f\u96c6\u5230\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u9078\u9805\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a98\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u5408\u683c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2018\u559c\u6b61\u2019\u201d  ( p 206 )\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u66fe\u7d93\u5e0c\u671b\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u80fd\u5920\u632f\u8208\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u537b\u62b9\u6bba\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u201cThe Impossible Syllogism; or, Death\u201d&nbsp; Smith \u51dd\u8996\u8457\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u5730\u5e73\u7dda\u3002 \u201c\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u64fa\u812b\u5b83\uff1a\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5e7d\u9748\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u61c9\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5176\u975e\u7406\u6027\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8a55\u201d ( p 283 ) \u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u9999\u7159\u70ba\u6a02\u7684\u5438\u7159\u8005\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u7e2e\u77ed\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u8aaa\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5728\u8d95\u5f80\u58b3\u5893\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9078\u64c7\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff1f \u9019\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u554f\u984c\u548c\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83 \u2014\u2014 \u5e36\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u5931\u671b\u3002\u50cf Smith \u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u8ad6\u8b49\u7406\u6027\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6697\u793a\u7406\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u90fd\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u4e0d\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0cSmith \u4f3c\u4e4e\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e26\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d \u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u76e4\u9ede\u4e86\u975e\u7406\u6027\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u5c64\u9762\uff08\u5922\u60f3\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u617e\u671b\u3001\u9189\u9152\uff09\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5c64\u9762\uff08\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8b1b\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u9670\u8b00\u8ad6\u3001\u4fee\u8fad\uff09\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7c97\u7565\u7684 -\u6e96\u5099\u5c31\u7dd2\uff0c\u8cab\u7a7f\u59cb\u7d42\uff1b\u800c\u6211\u5011\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u975e\u7406\u6027\u6700\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u6642\u523b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u62d2\u7d55\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u660e\u986f\u7684\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u9054\u6210\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u539f\u5247\u96c6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7406\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762\u3002\u6839\u64da\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7d04\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5716\u666f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6216\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5716\u666f\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7368\u7acb\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u7531\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u6fc0\u767c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b89\u6392\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5354\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a Smith \u662f\u6307\u95dc\u65bc Plotinus\u3001Zeno \u548c \u017di\u017eek \u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u53cd\u601d\u7406\u6027\u63a2\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u5011\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8a6d\u8faf\u5bb6\u548c\u9810\u8a00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u754c\u9650\u3002Smith \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u5f37\u70c8\u6697\u793a\u5f8c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u5b97\u6559\u5be6\u8e10\u6642\uff0cSmith \u8072\u7a31\u4ed6\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u8a66\u5716\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6548\u7528\u6216\u5728\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u512a\u7d50\u679c\u3002Smith \u7684\u699c\u6a23\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u68c4\u7d55\u8005\u3002 \u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u540c\u8cea\u5316\u529b\u91cf broad homogenizing force\u201d\uff0c\u5b83 \u201c\u5c07\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81f3\u5c11\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u9078\u6c11\u3001\u6709\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u623f\u4e3b\u3001\u6709\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\uff1b \u5b83\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u9078\u64c7\u9000\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u3001\u9000\u7e2e\u3001\u7981\u617e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u201d ( p 37 )\u3002\u50e7\u4fb6\u9078\u64c7\u9000\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u7a4d\u7d2f\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u50b3\u7d71\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E. H. Smith  \u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u50e7\u4fb6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7406\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u985e\u5225 \uff1f\u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u8a8d\u70ba\u50e7\u4fb6\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3001\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5225\u7684\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1fSmith \u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u201c\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u9ed8\u8a8d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6f64\u201d ( p 37 )\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u50e7\u4fb6\u9078\u64c7\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002 \u4f46\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u9801\uff0cSmith \u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ee5\u50e7\u4fb6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e \u201c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u6ce8\u6216\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u201d ( p 36 )\u3002 \u90a3\u9ebc\u548c\u5c1a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u8b1b\u9053\u7406\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5462\uff1f \u5118\u7ba1 Smith \u7d93\u5e38\u5c07\u7406\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u7528\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smith \u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u5f88\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5373\u7406\u6027\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u542b\u7fa9\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5448\u73fe\u70ba \u201c\u79e9\u5e8f\u800c\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u9054\u201d ( P 285 )\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u978f\u56fa\u4e26\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u79e9\u5e8f\u7576\u7136\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u5f9e\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u5c0d\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u8d85\u904e\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002Smith \u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a8\u5d07\u653e\u68c4\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u6240\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba \u201c\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u6ce8\u6216\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u201d ( P 34 ) \u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u8cbb\u89e3\u7684\u3002Smith \u7684\u610f\u5716\u662f\u78ba\u8a8d\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u548c\u4e5e\u8a0e\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5c07\u7406\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8b93\u7d66\u4ed6\u6240\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u3002 Smith \u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5805\u6301\u65b9\u6fdf\u5404\u6703\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u6216\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u82e6\u884c\u8005\u5c48\u670d\u65bc\u4e5e\u8a0e\u4ee5\u5c0b\u6c42\u56de\u5831\u662f\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u85c9\u7528\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u50f9\u503c\u9ad4\u4fc2\u662f\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\u3002 \u8036\u7a4c\u5805\u6301\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u51e1\u81ea\u5351\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u5347\u70ba\u9ad8\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u51e1\u60f3\u6551\u81ea\u5df1\u6027\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u5931\u6389\u751f\u547d\u201d\u3002 \u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u8056\u6f54\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6240\u9f13\u52f5\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7406\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u9810\u8a00\u5bb6\u7684\u8077\u696d\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf Smith \u6709\u6642\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23 \uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u807d\u5230 Plotinus \u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7d93\u6b77\u5c31\u6703\u611f\u5230\u9707\u9a5a\u3002\u6216\u8005\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u5bb9\uff1fPorphyry \u7684 Plotinus \u50b3\u8a18\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7d93\u5e38\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 \uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u9805\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u5c31 Porphyry \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u70ba\u4ed6\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u6065\u3002\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u8996\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smith \u5c0d\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e5f\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u904e\u5206\u6025\u65bc\u5c07\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6216\u6839\u64da\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u6027\u50b3\u7d71\u6240\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u975e\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6a5f\u69cb\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u6216\u6a5f\u69cb\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u8655\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u7957\u807d\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d0f\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002Smith \u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u5e74\u8f15\u5730\u7403\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u5957\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a\u79d1\u5b78\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u8072\u7a31\u662f\u5728\u8faf\u8ad6\u66f4\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u904e\u65bc\u8349\u7387\u5730\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u627f\u8afe\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002Smith \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u67d0\u4e9b\u795e\u5275\u8ad6\u8005\u7fa3\u9ad4\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u5e73\u8ad6\u8005\u537b\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u9670\u96aa\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u6709\u8457\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9670\u8b00\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5b83\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u985e\u578b\u7684\u80fd\u529b \u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u96e3\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u548c\u6b3a\u9a19\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7d66\u4e88\u4e86\u592a\u5c11\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u9670\u8b00\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u75c5\u614b\uff08\u4e8b\u5be6\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96e3\u5f9e\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Justin E. H. Smith \u6307\u51fa\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u806f\u7e6b\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u542b\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u524d\u4ed6\u9000\u7e2e\u4e86\u3002Theodor Adorno \u5c0d\u5831\u7d19\u5360\u661f\u8853\u7684\u8f15\u8511\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u78ba\u8a8d\u504f\u898b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d41\u884c\u5360\u661f\u8853\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u5b83\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u8f15\u4fe1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c \uff1a\u5c0d\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\u4e26\u505a\u51fa\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u5236\u5b9a\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5c07\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smith \u7aed\u76e1\u5168\u529b\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u64fa\u812b\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u201d \u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u8f49\u55bb\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u6027\u6210\u70ba\u795e\u8a71\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u662f \u201c\u5947\u602a\u90aa\u6559\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7562\u9054\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b78\u6d3e\u201d \u897f\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u790e ( p 14 )\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u6642\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u5730\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u958b\u982d\u5f9e Pythagoras \u7684 \u201c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u201d \u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u65b7\u63a8\u7ffb\u5176\u524d\u8f29\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u616e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7406\u6027\u5730\u5b89\u6392\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u7e3d\u662f\u8b93\u4f4d\u65bc\u975e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6642\u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u81ea\u6211\u8faf\u8b77\u3002Smith \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7e3d\u662f\u5c07 \u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d \u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u8207\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u5148\u524d\u968e\u6bb5\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u5c0d\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u8b8a\u91cf\uff1a\u98df\u617e\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u9ad4\u9a57\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001Aristotle \u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u975e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u9032\u884c\u7406\u6027\u5be9\u8b70\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f Smith \u4e0d\u9858\u6b63\u8996\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002Smith \u627f\u8afe \u2014\u2014 \u8a8d\u771f\u3001\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u654f\u611f\u7684\u627f\u8afe \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u9858\u666f\u4f7f\u71b1\u60c5\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u670d\u5f9e\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u8abf\u67e5\u548c\u4ed4\u7d30\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u7531\u771f\u7684\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u795e\u8a71\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u9078\u64c7\u55ce\uff1f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u59cb\u65bc\u5c0d\u5354\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u8aa0\u646f\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u7d50\u675f\u65bc\u7a31\u975e\u7406\u6027 \u201c\u6709\u5bb3\u201d \u3001\u201c\u7121\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u201d\uff0c\u50c5\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5c07\u975e\u7406\u6027\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u524d\u666f\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u56b4\u5cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smith \u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u7acb\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7a7a\u9593\u9328\u5b9a\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u56fa\u5b9a\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u516c\u773e\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u969b\u5316\u3001\u958b\u653e\u548c\u5354\u5546\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5728\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6709\u8457\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u5c40\u52e2\u3002 \u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u50cf Leibniz \u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u56b4\u683c\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\u89e3\u6c7a\u885d\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u7528\u76e1\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4f86\u8017\u76e1\u5927\u5e2b\u5011\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u975e\u7406\u6027\u62d2\u7d55\u70ba\u5f8c\u555f\u8499\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u8def\u7dda\u5716\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5bf6\u8cb4\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1a\u516c\u958b\u601d\u8003\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6a21\u578b\u3002Smith \u601d\u7121\u62d8\u7121\u675f\uff0c\u7d30\u5fc3\u3001\u654f\u92b3\u3001\u597d\u5947\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u56b4\u8085\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u633d\u6551\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u8a31\u5b83\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u633d\u6551 \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6b98\u9ab8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u689d\u524d\u9032\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u967d\u5149\u4e4b\u4e0b\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5f71\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709\u9ed1\u6697\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5e74\u4f86\u7121\u8ad6\u6771\u897f\u3001\u7121\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u843d\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u8207\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u64fa\u862f\u3002\u90a3\u908a\u53a2\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u5e03\u6797\u80af\uff08Antony Blinken \uff09\u9031\u65e5\u62b5\u9054\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u6a5f\u5373\u53d7\u8fb1\u3002\u7957\u56e0\u63a5\u6a5f\u73fe\u5834\u6c92\u6709\u7d05\u6bef\u53ea\u6709\u7d05\u7dda\u3002\u4f46\u53d7\u8fb1\u8207\u5426\u4e5f\u5728\u65bc\u4ee5\u4f55\u8996\u89d2\u89c0\u4e4b\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u5148\u6709\u5931\u570b\u683c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u884c\u70ba\u793a\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u4eba\u53c8\u6703\u8207\u4e4b\u8a08\u8f03\u55ce\uff1f\u6cc1\u4e14 \uff0c\u570b\u8207\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u5230\u982d\u4f86\u770b\u7684\u9084\u5728\u7d42\u7a76\u5229\u76ca\u8ab0\u9700\u8981\u8ab0\u3002\u541b\u4e0d\u898b\u5916\u9577\u7684\u90a3\u756a\u8a71\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f2020 \u5e74 \uff0cDonald Trump \u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5beb\u65bc\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u9ede\u7db4\u8457\u8b0a\u8a00\u4e4b\u82b1\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u7de8\u5e74\u53f2\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c07\u7576\u524d\u6642\u523b\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7316\u7357\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4e00\u76f4\u61f7\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc \u00a0\u201cIrrationality: A History of the Dark Side of Reason\u201d \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u8d70\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u554f\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u7d93\u4e0d\u540c\u904e\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u7368\u7279\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u904e\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u5728\u555f\u8499\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7406\u6027\u8207\u975e\u7406\u6027\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u4f86\u56de\u6fc0\u76ea\uff1f \u6545\u4e8b\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u8a18\u8f09\u7740\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d 5 \u4e16\u7d00\u7562\u9054\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684 Hippasus \u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6355\u9b5a\u822a\u884c\u4e2d\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u540c\u4f34\u6df9\u6b7b\u5728\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u7957\u56e0 Hippasus \u900f\u9732\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u5c0d\u7531\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u8ae7\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1a\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u5c0d\u89d2\u7dda\u8207\u5176\u908a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u70ba\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u9650\u4e0d\u5faa\u74b0\u5c0f\u6578 \u2014\u2014 \u5373 \u201c\u7121\u7406\u6578 irrational\u201d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u8aaa\u70ba \u201cIrrationality\u201d \u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u7406\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u611f\u5230\u7126\u616e \u3002 Justin E H Smith \u662f Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/19\/irrationality-a-history-of-the-dark-side-of-reason\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2kr","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8955"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8956,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8955\/revisions\/8956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}