{"id":8958,"date":"2023-06-21T03:04:02","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T03:04:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8958"},"modified":"2023-06-21T03:04:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T03:04:05","slug":"the-politics-of-humiliation-a-modern-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/21\/the-politics-of-humiliation-a-modern-history\/","title":{"rendered":"The Politics of Humiliation: A Modern History"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u611f\u6bd4\u7f9e\u6065\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u795e\u8a71\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u4e9e\u7576\u548c\u590f\u5a03 \u201c\u592b\u59bb\u8d64\u8eab\u9732\u9ad4\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7f9e\u6065\u201d\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u5403\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u6a39\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u773c\u775b\u775c\u958b\u4e86\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u8d64\u8eab\u88f8\u9ad4\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u7528\u7121\u82b1\u679c\u6a39\u8449\u906e\u84cb\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6065\u8fb1\u544a\u8a34\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u58ae\u843d\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u4eba\u3002Protagoras \u544a\u8a34 Socrates \uff0cPrometheus \u901a\u904e\u8ce6\u4e88\u706b\u7a2e\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b99\u65af\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7f9e\u6065\u548c\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u548c\u8ae7\u76f8\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f9e\u6065\u611f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u5011\u767c\u51fa\u4fe1\u865f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6211\u5011\u505a\u4e86\u932f\u4e8b\u6216\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3001\u4fae\u8fb1\u3001\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6216\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u5373\u53d7\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0cUte Frevert \u8ffd\u96a8 Protagoras \uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u7576\u7f9e\u8fb1\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b \u2026\u2026 \u986f\u7136\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u5371\u96aa\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“The Politics of Humiliation: A Modern History<\/a><\/em>” \u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5728\u4e09\u500b\u9818\u57df\u8abf\u52d5\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff1a\u61f2\u7f70\u90a3\u4e9b\u9055\u53cd\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u548c\u7db2\u7d61\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u3002Frevert \u9996\u5148\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb Mohamed Bouazizi \u7684 26 \u6b72\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u852c\u83dc\u5546\u8ca9\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c2010 \u5e74 12 \u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u8b66\u5bdf\u6253\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u5df4\u638c\u4e26\u6c92\u6536\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8ca8\u7269\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 Sidi Bouzid \u5e02\u9577\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u524d\u81ea\u711a\u3002 \u4ed6\u53d7\u5920\u4e86\u5c48\u8fb1\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5f15\u767c\u4e86 \u201c\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u53cd\u6297 revolt of dignity\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e4b\u6625\u3002( p 9 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c”The Politics of Humiliation: A Modern History<\/em>” \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u5c0a\u56b4\u548c\u69ae\u8b7d\u6b0a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u5c6c\u65bc\u8cb4\u65cf\u800c\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u7537\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u541b\u4e3b\u800c\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u9019\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u9ad4\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u4e0d\u662f\u5f37\u8005\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u55a7\u9b27\u548c\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\u516c\u958b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5100\u5f0f\u4f86\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u8655\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u8207\u7f9e\u6065\u611f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u95dc\u3002Ute Frevert \u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7f9e\u6065\u611f\u548c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u611f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u65bc\u5979 2017 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5fb7\u6587\u8457\u4f5c “Die Politik der Dem\u00fctigung\uff1aSchaupl\u00e4tze von Macht und Ohnmacht” \u800c\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u50c5\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u7136\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u7b28\u86cb\u5e3d\u548c\u624b\u92ac\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5011\u88ab\u8feb\u505a\u51fa\u8cb6\u4f4e\u6216\u606d\u656c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002Frevert \u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff08 \u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9 \uff09\u5df2\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u8868\u9054\u548c\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7d50\u679c \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d Frevert \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u773e\u591a\u61f2\u7f70\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u6eff\u8db3\u793e\u6703\u6216\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u793e\u6703\u671f\u671b\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b\u5b83\u9084\u901a\u904e\u52a0\u5f37\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u589e\u5f37\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\u611f\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u5728\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6392\u9664\u6216\u6392\u9664\/\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u5408\uff1b\u5728\u5f8c\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u66ab\u6642\u812b\u96e2\u793e\u6703\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u5f8c\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u878d\u5165\u793e\u6703\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u54ea\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u89c0\u773e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u9b25\u722d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Frevert \u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u901a\u904e\u8b49\u660e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b0a\u529b\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u624d\u6703\u767c\u63ee\u9019\u7a2e\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u8655\u65bc\u6b63\u5f0f\u6b0a\u5a01\u8077\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8ecd\u5b98\u548c\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u524d\u8005\uff1b\u90e8\u968a\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u4e2d\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5f8c\u8005\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cFrevert \u4e5f\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6b0a\u529b\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6642\u6b0a\u529b\u6bd4\u88ab\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4eba\u5c0f\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5979\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u516c\u958b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u653f\u5ba2\u6642\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u4eba\u653b\u64ca\u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5c48\u8fb1\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5730\u4f4d\u7af6\u722d\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Frevert \u6703\u540c\u610f\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u4f4d\u7531 \u201c\u69ae\u8b7d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u69cb\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7af6\u722d\u6700\u70ba\u660e\u986f\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u69ae\u8b7d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7fa4\u9ad4\u66f4\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5c0d\u69ae\u8b7d\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u5973\u6027\u64c1\u6709 \u201c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6027\u5225\u69ae\u8b7d\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u8c9e\u6f54\uff08 p 42 \uff09\u3002\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u666e\u901a\u7537\u5973\u63d0\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8ab9\u8b17\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5979\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u2018\u5351\u5fae\u2019\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u4e5f\u7d55\u975e\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u201d\uff08 p 40 \uff09\u3002\u5979\u8a55\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u69ae\u8b7d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u5979\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u52aa\u529b\u8aaa\u670d\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u5bb6\u9577\u901a\u904e\u6fc0\u767c\u69ae\u8b7d\u611f\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u8b74\u8cac\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u548c\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u6703\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6b0a\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\u5df2\u7d93\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86 Frevert \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u793e\u6703\u6065\u8fb1\u91d1\u5b57\u5854 social pyramid of shame\u201d\u3002 \u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u4fae\u8fb1\u6027\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u3002 \u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4fae\u8fb1\u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u8005\u5411\u5f8c\u8005\u9053\u6b49\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e5f\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6bc6\u6253\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7537\u6027\u5c0d\u65bc\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ca7\u56f0 \u2014\u2014 \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u990a\u6d3b\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u53ef\u6065\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6065\u8fb1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3002\uff08 Frevert \u7279\u5225\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5a66\u5973\u8207\u5360\u9818\u8ecd\u6210\u54e1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\uff09\u6027\u5225\u5316\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u56e0\u9ad4\u91cd\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u66f4\u671f\u671b\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u606d\u656c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u7dad\u6301\u73fe\u6709\u793e\u6703\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c Frevert \u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5dee\u7570\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eab\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5c0d\u7537\u6027\u7684\u516c\u958b\u61f2\u7f70\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\u6bd4\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\u9577\u3002\u7537\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7368\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\uff1a\u56e0\u70ba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52c7\u6c23\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002 \u90a3\u4e9b\u8655\u65bc\u8f03\u9ad8\u793e\u6703\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b\u5c0d\u65bc\u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u53ef\u6065\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u53ef\u6065\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u7f9e\u8fb1\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u640d\u5931\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0cFrevert \u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u8b9a\u63da\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u7d66\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u985e\u578b\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5979\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u8f49\u8b8a\u7531\u5404\u7a2e\u904e\u7a0b\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u5171\u4eab\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff1b \u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5340\u5206\u5e7e\u500b\u8b8a\u91cf\uff1a\uff08a\uff09\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u53ef\u6065\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff1b (b) \u5be6\u969b\u767c\u751f\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff1b (c) \u5176\u5f37\u5ea6\uff1b (d) \u53c3\u8207\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6216\u88ab\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\u8003\u616e\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u6065\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 Norbert Elias \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002Elias \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u65e9\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u7531\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5316\u548c\u52de\u52d5\u5206\u5de5\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5c0d\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\u3002 \u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f \u201c\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1\u7684\u9580\u6abb\u548c\u7f9e\u6065\u7684\u908a\u754c\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u9032\u6b65\u201d\uff1a\u4f5c\u70ba\u6587\u660e\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u5408\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ee4\u4eba\u5c37\u5c2c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u3002(Norbert Elias,\u00a0The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations<\/a><\/em>, Oxford: Blackwell, 2000, pp. 86, 109-14)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ute Frevert \u540c\u610f Elias \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5c0d\u7f9e\u6065\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8207 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u6065\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u66f4\u5f37\u70c8\u3001\u66f4\u983b\u7e41\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u53ef\u6065\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5979\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u8868\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u591a\u6578\u95dc\u65bc\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u9f13\u52f5\u5c07 Elias \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5916\u63a8\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6642\u671f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u53ef\u6065\u7684 \u3002\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u90a3\u6642\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\uff1a\u540c\u6027\u6200\u3001\u61e6\u5f31\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff08\u5728\u4e2d\u9ad8\u793e\u6703\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u8c6a\u9580\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u548c\u975e\u5a5a\u61f7\u5b55\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u79ae\u5100\u898f\u5247\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u986f\u8457\u64f4\u5c55\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u4e0d\u79ae\u8c8c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u8457\u88dd\u898f\u7bc4\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u683c\u3002Frevert \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8207\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u91cd\u8996\u6b63\u5f0f\u8a8d\u53ef\u6a19\u8a8c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4e0d\u56de\u554f\u5019\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u5192\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7121\u8ad6\u7f9e\u8fb1\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u9084\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u3001\u5f37\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6216\u88ab\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6a23\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002Frevert \u540c\u610f\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u5171\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u983b\u7387\u548c\u5f37\u5ea6\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u9812\u5e03\u6216\u7e31\u5bb9\u4e86\u624b\u92ac\u3001\u516c\u5171\u6bc6\u6253\u3001\u70d9\u5370\u548c\u6b98\u5bb3\u80a2\u9ad4\u3002Frevert \u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5f9e 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u9ad4\u7f70\u548c\u516c\u958b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e0d\u6eff \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u548c\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e2d \u2014\u2014 \u5c0e\u81f4\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e26\u975e\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u963b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8a87\u5927\u4e8b\u60c5\u767c\u751f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 Frevert \u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u9812\u5e03\u7684\u516c\u958b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4ee4\u5728 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e26\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u6279\u51c6\u516c\u958b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u5979\u7279\u5225\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6642\u671f\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u671f\u9593\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u8655\u65bc\u8f03\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u983b\u7387\u548c\u88ab\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4eba\u6578 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ute Frevert \u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u544a\u8a34\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u66f8\u4e26\u4e0d\u95dc\u6ce8\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c0\u7d50\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u88ab\u660e\u793a\u6216\u6697\u793a\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u500b\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u8457\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002Frevert \u7279\u5225\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u8a66\u5716\u78ba\u4fdd \u201c\u5c0d\u5408\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u8eab\u9ad4\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u58df\u65b7\u201d\uff08 p 211 \uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u7a0b\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u884c\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u986f\u7136\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u6d88\u9664\u975e\u570b\u5bb6\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u52a0\u5287\u3002\u5979\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5f9e 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u5982\u4f55\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u4ee4\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u570d\u7e5e\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u7f9e\u8fb1\u91cd\u5851\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728 Frevert \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9769\u66f4\u70ba\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u4e92\u88dc\u4f46\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff1a\u4eba\u6027\u548c\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u524d\u8005\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u5c0d\u6b98\u9177\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u5979\u5c07\u5c0d\u60e1\u6bd2\u7684\u516c\u958b\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u548c\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e5f\u662f\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5152\u7ae5\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ute Frevert \u54c0\u5606\u9053\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u985e\u5c0a\u56b4\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6291\u5236\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93\u6fdf new moral economy\u201d \u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u3002 \u8207\u8b19\u5351\u548c\u9806\u5f9e\u547d\u904b\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u9ad4\u5fc3\u614b\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u793e\u6703\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u50f9\u503c\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5c0d\u4fb5\u72af\u5176\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002 ( p 220 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6539\u8b8a\u7f9e\u8fb1\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002 \u9019\u88cf\u4e0d\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u897f\u65b9\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u5c0e\u81f4\u793e\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u500b\u6027\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u8abf\u5e7e\u500b\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u9577\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\u878d\u5408\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u5d29\u6f70\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5340\u5206\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1b\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u76f8\u4fe1\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u9700\u6c42\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u96c6\u9ad4\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5efa\u69cb\uff1a\u8a8d\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u7368\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u5167\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u5c6c\u6216\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u6211\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u548c\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u7d93\u9a57\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u793e\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002 \u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u548c\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c \u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d \u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u6bd4\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8981\u65e9\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\uff08\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f9e\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5efa\u69cb\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cFrevert \u6703\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u78ba\u5be6\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Frevert \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u898f\u7bc4\u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u5f31\u9ede\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u7b49\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u6557\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u6065\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u88fd\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6307\u8cac\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916 \uff0c\u5931\u6557\u548c\u56f0\u96e3\u90fd\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002( p 74 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c”The Politics of Humiliation” <\/em>\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u5728\u65bc\u66f4\u52a0\u500b\u6027\u5316\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u6216\u8fa8\u5225\u51fa\u95dc\u65bc\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5efa\u69cb\u5c0d\u7f9e\u6065\u611f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u516d\u7a2e\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ute Frevert \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u7f9e\u6065\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u9019\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u60c5\u611f\u88ab\u591a\u9ebc\u6feb\u7528\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u6b63\u6d3e\u7684\u9078\u64c7 \u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8aaa\u95dc\u65bc\u865b\u507d\u7684\u7f9e\u6065\uff1a\u9019\u662f\u60e1\u7fd2\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u606d\u7dad\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2 \uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u6065\u55ce\uff1f\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u8a71\u3002 \u4f46\u8003\u616e\u5230\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5c64\u7121\u6065\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u5e38\u614b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u6b61\u8fce\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u6065\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u5b83\uff0c\u50b2\u6162\u5c31\u6703\u52dd\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“The Politics of Humiliation: A Modern History<\/em>” \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u9ede\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u6703\/\u653f\u6cbb\u689d\u4ef6\u6216\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb 250 \u5e74\u7684\u8f1d\u714c\u6b77\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cUte Frevert \u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u516c\u958b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7f9e\u8fb1 — \u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7f9e\u6065\u611f — \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u8105\u8feb\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f9e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u570b\u969b\u5916\u4ea4\u5230\u5152\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u6cd5\u570b\u5a66\u5973\u56e0\u6d89\u5acc\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u88ab\u5360\u9818\u671f\u9593\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\u58eb\u5175\u767c\u751f\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u88ab\u5f37\u5236\u5243\u5149\u982d\u9aee\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u9055\u6cd5\u8005\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u8857\u9053\u4e0a\u8209\u8457\u6a19\u8a9e\u724c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b \u3002 \u628a\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u653e\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5632\u5f04\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u516c\u958b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002Ute Frevert \u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u904e\u53bb 250 \u5e74\u4f86\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u7684\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u548c\u5730\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u986f\u8457\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728 21 \u4e16\u7d00\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u5f9e\u4e0a\u9762\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6211\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u540c\u9f61\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* \u5de5\u8cca\uff0c\u6307\u5728\u7f77\u5de5\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\u7f77\u5de5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9032\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u8cca\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u7d44\u7e54\u7f77\u5de5\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u7f77\u5de5\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u7531\u516c\u53f8\u50f1\u7528\u9032\u4f86\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u662f\u539f\u5148\u7684\u8058\u54e1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\u7f77\u5de5\uff0c\u7167\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5de5\u8cca\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6210\u54e1\u70ba\u79c1\u5229\uff0c\u88ab\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u4ee5\u91d1\u9322\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u6536\u8cb7\uff0c\u6216\u53d7\u5230\u96c7\u4e3b\u8105\u8feb\uff0c\u51fa\u8ce3\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u611f\u6bd4\u7f9e\u6065\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u795e\u8a71\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u4e9e\u7576\u548c\u590f\u5a03 \u201c\u592b\u59bb\u8d64\u8eab\u9732\u9ad4\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7f9e\u6065\u201d\u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u5403\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u6a39\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u773c\u775b\u775c\u958b\u4e86\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u8d64\u8eab\u88f8\u9ad4\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u7528\u7121\u82b1\u679c\u6a39\u8449\u906e\u84cb\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6065\u8fb1\u544a\u8a34\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u58ae\u843d\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u4eba\u3002Protagoras \u544a\u8a34 Socrates \uff0cPrometheus \u901a\u904e\u8ce6\u4e88\u706b\u7a2e\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b99\u65af\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7f9e\u6065\u548c\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u548c\u8ae7\u76f8\u8655\u3002 \u7f9e\u6065\u611f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u5011\u767c\u51fa\u4fe1\u865f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6211\u5011\u505a\u4e86\u932f\u4e8b\u6216\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3001\u4fae\u8fb1\u3001\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6216\u7f9e\u6127\uff0c\u5373\u53d7\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0cUte Frevert \u8ffd\u96a8 Protagoras \uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u7576\u7f9e\u8fb1\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b \u2026\u2026 \u986f\u7136\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u5371\u96aa\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u201d “The Politics of Humiliation: A Modern History” \u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5728\u4e09\u500b\u9818\u57df\u8abf\u52d5\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff1a\u61f2\u7f70\u90a3\u4e9b\u9055\u53cd\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u548c\u7db2\u7d61\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u3002Frevert \u9996\u5148\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb Mohamed Bouazizi \u7684 26 \u6b72\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u852c\u83dc\u5546\u8ca9\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c2010 \u5e74 12 \u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u8b66\u5bdf\u6253\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u5df4\u638c\u4e26\u6c92\u6536\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8ca8\u7269\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 Sidi Bouzid \u5e02\u9577\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u524d\u81ea\u711a\u3002 \u4ed6\u53d7\u5920\u4e86\u5c48\u8fb1\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5f15\u767c\u4e86 \u201c\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u53cd\u6297 revolt of dignity\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e4b\u6625\u3002( p … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2ku","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8958"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8959,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8958\/revisions\/8959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}