{"id":8964,"date":"2023-06-24T04:50:15","date_gmt":"2023-06-24T04:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8964"},"modified":"2023-06-24T05:01:23","modified_gmt":"2023-06-24T05:01:23","slug":"never-forget-national-humiliation-historical-memory-in-chinese-politics-and-foreign-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/24\/never-forget-national-humiliation-historical-memory-in-chinese-politics-and-foreign-relations\/","title":{"rendered":"Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics and Foreign Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6c6a\u931a\u7684\u66f8\u540d &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Never-Forget-National-Humiliation-Contemporary\/dp\/0231148917\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3CAQT54ZB40SN&amp;keywords=Never+Forget+National+Humiliation%3A+Historical+Memory+in+Chinese+Politics+and+Foreign+Relations&amp;qid=1687581372&amp;sprefix=never+forget+national+humiliation+historical+memory+in+chinese+politics+and+foreign+relations%2Caps%2C360&amp;sr=8-1\"> Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics and Foreign Relations<\/a>&#8221; \u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u77ed\u8a9e \u201c\u52ff\u5fd8\u56fd\u803b\u201d\uff0c\u8a72\u8a5e\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u65bc 1915\u5e741\u670818\u65e5\u8b74\u8cac\u65e5\u672c\u99d0\u83ef\u516c\u4f7f\u65e5\u7f6e\u76ca\u7576\u9762\u5411\u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u689d\u6b3e\u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u201c\u570b\u6065\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u51fa\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u904b\u7528\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 William Callahan \u5c0d\u6b64\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\uff08GMD\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u65bc 1928 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5c11\u65bc 26 \u500b \u201c\u570b\u6065\u65e5 National Humiliation Days\u201d \u7684\u65e5\u66c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728 1927 \u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u570b\u6065\u65e5\u201d \u5b9a\u70ba\u516c\u773e\u5047\u671f\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u201c\u52ff\u5fd8\u56fd\u803b\u201d \u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\u88e1\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e2d\u570b\u53cd\u7f8e\u3001\u53cd\u65e5\u793a\u5a01\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c6a\u931a\u7684\u66f8\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u624b\u4e2d\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u570b\u6065\u9032\u884c\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb \u201c\u570b\u6065 national humiliation\u201d \u795e\u8a71\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u7684 \u201c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5275\u50b7 chosen trauma\u201d\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u88cf\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u91cd\u5927\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5617\u8a66\u7957\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u672a\u7d93\u8b49\u5be6\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff08CCP\uff09\u9818\u5c0e\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u5f0f\u6176\u795d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6c6a\u931a\u63d0\u8acb\u4eba\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u5c0d\u96c6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6240\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u61b6\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5c0d\u5916\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u201d( p 7 )\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u8005\uff0c\u6c6a\u931a\u8a8d\u70ba\u6240\u8b02\u7684 \u201c\u767e\u5e74\u5c48\u8fb1\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9d09\u7247\u6230\u722d\uff081840\u5e74\uff09\u5230 1945 \u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u6eff\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u5728\u7532\u5348\u6230\u722d\uff08 1894\/95 \uff09\u4e2d\u6230\u6557\u3001\u516b\u570b\u806f\u8ecd\u93ae\u58d3\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u904b\u52d5\uff081900 \u5e74\uff0c\u6eff\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u7d04\u300b\uff081919 \u5e74\uff09\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u6c6a\u931a\u8072\u7a31\u53e6\u6709\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff09\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u5718\u5f9e\u672a\u7c3d\u7f72\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u5f9e 1931 \u5e74\u8d77\u5165\u4fb5\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\uff09  \u3002\u7576\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u9127\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6771\u6b50\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u96c6\u5718\u7684\u5d29\u6f70\u4ee5\u53ca 1989 \u5e74\u5929\u5b89\u9580\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9762\u81e8\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u65bc 1991 \u5e74\u767c\u8d77\u4e86\u611b\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6559\u80b2\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u586b\u88dc\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u5fd8\u8a18\u7684 \u201c\u4e16\u7d00\u6065\u8fb1 century of humiliation\u201d \u6210\u70ba\u9019\u5834\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u6c6a\u931a\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6c5f\u6fa4\u6c11\u662f\u9019\u5834 \u201c\u611b\u570b\u8f49\u5411 patriotic turn\u201d \u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u91dd\u5c0d\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u548c\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u5168\u570b\u6027\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u5171\u70ba\u9019\u5834\u904b\u52d5\u555f\u52d5\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u5ba3\u50b3\u6a5f\u5668\u201d\uff08 p 112 \uff09\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9752\u5e74\u5132\u5099\u5eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5177\u6709\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u6fc0\u6d3b\u9019\u4e9b\u9752\u5e74\u4f86\u670d\u52d9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u6c6a\u931a\u5c0d\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b98\u65b9\u548c\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76 \uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u674e\u767b\u8f1d\u8a2a\u7f8e\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u53f0\u6d77\u5371\u6a5f\uff081995-96\uff09\u30011999 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7a7a\u8ecd\u8f5f\u70b8\u4e2d\u570b\u99d0 Belgrade \u5927\u4f7f\u9928\u3001 \u4ee5\u53ca 2001 \u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6230\u6a5f\u76f8\u649e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u7684 \u201c\u7f9e\u8fb1 humiliations\u201d \u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u5b98\u65b9\u7684 \u201c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6558\u4e8b victim narrative\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6558\u4e8b\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u980c\u63da\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u7684 \u201c\u52dd\u5229\u8005\u6558\u4e8b victor narrative\u201d \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3002\u201c\u570b\u6065\u6559\u80b2 Education on national humiliation\u201d \u901a\u904e\u5b98\u65b9\u8b1b\u8a71\u3001\u5831\u7d19\u793e\u8ad6\u3001\u96fb\u8996\u5287\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u570b\u4e00\u842c\u591a\u500b\u611b\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u5730\uff08\u201c\u7891\u6797 a forest of monuments\u201d\uff09\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6b77\u53f2\u8ab9\u8b17\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u767c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u6b63\u5728 \u201c\u5fa9\u8208 rejuvenation\u201d \u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\uff0c\u4e26\u6559\u5c0e\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u71b1\u611b\u7956\u570b\u3001\u71b1\u611b\u9ee8\u3001\u71b1\u611b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08 p 104 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u900f\u5fb9\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u653f\u6cbb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6f5b\u529b\u3002 \u6c6a\u931a\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u6606\u660e\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5317\u4eac\u4e00\u5bb6\u667a\u5eab\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4ed6\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u5c08\u8457\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c6a\u931a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u7cbe\u82f1\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f9e\u672a\u88ab\u95e1\u660e\u3002\u6c6a\u931a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u5340\u5206\u904e\u53bb\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6307\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u9078\u64c7\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u6309\u7167\u5730\u7406\u548c\u6587\u5316\u754c\u9650\u5340\u5206\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u201c\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u548c\u666e\u904d\u6027 forward-looking and universalistic\u201d \u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207 \u201c\u843d\u5f8c\u6027\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027 backward-looking and particularistic\u201d \u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08 p 25 \uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u6c38\u9060\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u6587\u5316\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u4e2d\u570b\u7684 \u201c\u6df1\u5c64\u6587\u5316 deep culture\u201d\uff0cp 11 \uff09\u548c\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3001\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c \u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8a31\u591a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u71b1\u60c5\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u683c\u201d \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u523b\u677f\u8a5e\u5f59\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u4e3b\u5f35\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7d71\u8a08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8b49\u64da \u3002\u201c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u611f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0d\u6eff\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u201d\uff08 p 25 \uff09\u9019\u6a23\u662f\u5426\u662f\u904e\u65bc\u523b\u677f\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff1f\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c6a\u931a\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ed6\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\u5f59\uff1a\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u201d \u548c \u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u201d \u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u96e3\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9678\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u3001\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u5340\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u61b6\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u7570\u55ce\uff1f\u800c\u9019\u53c8\u662f\u8ab0\u7684 \u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u201d \u5462\uff1f\u6c6a\u931a\u5e38\u5e38\u7121\u6cd5\u5340\u5206\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u5c0e\u3001\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u548c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u5ba3\u50b3\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6578\u5104\u4eba\u56b4\u5cfb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u95dc\u5fc3\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u6e05\u6f54\u7684\u6c34\u548c\u7a7a\u6c23\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \u201c\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u6065\u8fb1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6c6a\u931a\u5728 2008 \u5e74\u4e0d\u52a0\u6279\u5224\u5730\u6176\u795d\u5317\u4eac\u5967\u904b\u6703\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u59d4\u5a49\u5730\u5c07\u8209\u8fa6\u9019\u6b21\u6d3b\u52d5\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u5834 \u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5a5a\u79ae family wedding\u201d\uff08 p 156 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u8b9a\u63da \u201c\u4e16\u754c\u9818\u5148\u7684 51 \u679a\u91d1\u724c\uff0c\u2026\u2026 \u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u958b\u5e55\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6602\u8cb4\u7684\u9ad4\u80b2\u8a2d\u65bd\u5efa\u8a2d\u201d\uff08 pp 153-154 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u53ca 2008\u5e74\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u56db\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u3002\u6c6a\u931a\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u9451\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u707d\u5bb3\u7684\u983b\u7e41\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b9a\u63da \u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u56db\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u201d\uff08 p 157 \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u8a31\u591a \u201c\u5929\u707d\u201d \u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u4eba\u70ba\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u5931\u6557\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u5c0e\u81f4\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u9913\u6b7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 2008 \u5e74\u56db\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u9644\u8fd1\u4e00\u5ea7\u5927\u578b\u6c34\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u5927\u58e9\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u9ad8\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u63a1\u7528\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684 \u201c\u8c46\u8150\u6e23\u201d \u5f0f\u5efa\u9020\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u901a\u904e\u8cc4\u8cc2\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6aa2\u67e5\u7372\u5f97\u65bd\u5de5\u8a31\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u6c6a\u931a\u5805\u7a31\uff0c\u201c\u901a\u904e\u5176\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u62c9\u8fd1\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u201d\uff08 p 158 \uff09\u3002\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u61f7\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u8b80\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50\u3002\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c6a\u931a\u6240\u63a8\u5d07\u7684 \u201c\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9 collectivism\u201d \u7684\u6548\u7387\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6e90\u65bc\u5f37\u5236\u548c\u58d3\u5236\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u540c\u6a23\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u5426\u592a\u727d\u5f37\uff1f \u6c6a\u931a\u9084\u8b9a\u63da\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u5730\u9707\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u8072\u7a31 \u201c\u5831\u7d19\u3001\u96fb\u8996\u548c\u7db2\u7d61\u5a92\u9ad4\u516c\u958b\u5831\u5c0e\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d( p 161) \uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u548c\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u5be9\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u60b2\u5287\u767c\u751f\u4e94\u9031\u5e74\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5ba3\u90e8\u9084\u767c\u51fa\u4e86\u8981\u6c42 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/2013\/05\/ministry-of-truth-anniversary-of-sichuan-quake\/\">\u6b63\u9762\u5831\u5c0e<\/a>\u201d \u7684\u5be9\u67e5\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u5171\u50cf\u6c6a\u931a\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u9084\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u55ce\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6c6a\u931a\u7684\u504f\u898b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u75c7\u72c0\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u9ee8\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e26\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u827e\u672a\u672a\u3001\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7372\u5f97\u8005\u5289\u66c9\u6ce2\u3001\u76f2\u4eba\u6d3b\u52d5\u4eba\u58eb\u9673\u5149\u8aa0\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5ed6\u4ea6\u6b66\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 (Memory, Nationalism, and China\u2019s Rise) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7db2\u7d61\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u524d\u5e7e\u7ae0\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7cfe\u6b63\u3002\u6c6a\u931a\u6700\u7d42\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u201c\u570b\u5bb6\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6558\u8ff0\u4ecd\u7136\u57fa\u65bc\u5b98\u65b9\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u516c\u773e\u5171\u8b58\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9ee8\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba \u201c\u7e3d\u662f\u907f\u514d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9ee8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5931\u6557\u548c\u707d\u96e3\u201d\uff08 p 242 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b93\u6b65\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\u672c\u66f8\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u6b49\u610f\u57fa\u8abf\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d \u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u5d1b\u8d77 rise of China\u201d\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u770b\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u8b80\u6c6a\u931a\u66f8\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u4efd\u8b49\u660e\uff1a\u611b\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u591a\u9ebc\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u6b64\u66f8\u9084\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6c6a\u931a\u7684\u66f8\u540d &#8220; Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics and Foreign Relations&#8221; \u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u77ed\u8a9e \u201c\u52ff\u5fd8\u56fd\u803b\u201d\uff0c\u8a72\u8a5e\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u65bc 1915\u5e741\u670818\u65e5\u8b74\u8cac\u65e5\u672c\u99d0\u83ef\u516c\u4f7f\u65e5\u7f6e\u76ca\u7576\u9762\u5411\u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u689d\u6b3e\u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u201c\u570b\u6065\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u51fa\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u904b\u7528\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 William Callahan \u5c0d\u6b64\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\uff08GMD\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u65bc 1928 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5c11\u65bc 26 \u500b \u201c\u570b\u6065\u65e5 National Humiliation Days\u201d \u7684\u65e5\u66c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728 1927 \u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u570b\u6065\u65e5\u201d \u5b9a\u70ba\u516c\u773e\u5047\u671f\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u201c\u52ff\u5fd8\u56fd\u803b\u201d \u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9928\u88e1\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e2d\u570b\u53cd\u7f8e\u3001\u53cd\u65e5\u793a\u5a01\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c6a\u931a\u7684\u66f8\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u624b\u4e2d\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u570b\u6065\u9032\u884c\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb \u201c\u570b\u6065 national humiliation\u201d \u795e\u8a71\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u7684 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/24\/never-forget-national-humiliation-historical-memory-in-chinese-politics-and-foreign-relations\/\">Continue reading <span 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