{"id":8968,"date":"2023-06-25T01:01:52","date_gmt":"2023-06-25T01:01:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8968"},"modified":"2023-06-25T01:01:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-25T01:01:56","slug":"making-enemies-humiliation-and-international-conflict","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/25\/making-enemies-humiliation-and-international-conflict\/","title":{"rendered":"Making Enemies: Humiliation and International Conflict"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576 Saddam Hussein&nbsp;\u7684\u96d5\u50cf\u5012\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4eba\u5728\u96d5\u50cf\u4e0a\u8df3\u821e\uff0c\u7528\u978b\u5b50\u6572\u64ca\u96d5\u50cf\u6642\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u6b61\u6a02\u3002\u7247\u523b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u540d\u7f8e\u570b\u58eb\u5175\u722c\u4e0a\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u5c07\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u65d7\u653e\u5728\u96d5\u50cf\u7684\u81c9\u4e0a\u6642\uff0c\u5168\u5834\u97ff\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9663\u5012\u5438\u4e00\u53e3\u6dbc\u6c23\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4eba\u7684\u6065\u8fb1\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8072\u7a31\u8981\u89e3\u653e\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u61f8\u639b\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u65d7\u8996\u70ba\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002\u9019\u9762\u65d7\u5e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u570b\u65d7\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u6642\u523b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4fae\u8fb1\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u6df1\u9060\u3001\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7121\u610f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cEvelin Lindner&nbsp;\u8de8\u8d8a\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5be9\u8996\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u3001\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u767c\u61a4\u6012\u3001\u8d77\u7fa9\u3001\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u6230\u722d\u3002\u6191\u85c9\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u548c\u5e73\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3001\u6703\u8aaa\u4e03\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\uff0cEvelin Lindner&nbsp;\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u8a00\u8a9e\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3001\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u4e9b\u8a00\u8a9e\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u5982\u4f55\u52aa\u529b\u907f\u514d\u5c07\u4f86\u518d\u767c\u751f\u985e\u4f3c\u60c5\u6cc1 \u3002\u5f9e\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u884c\u70ba\u5230 Abu Ghraib \u76e3\u7344\u7b49\u6545\u610f\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u5f9e\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u548c\u7d22\u99ac\u91cc\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u671f\u9593\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5230\u7d10\u7d04\u96d9\u5b50\u5854\u8972\u64ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u5146\uff0cLindner&nbsp;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u525d\u596a\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6291\u9b31\u548c\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u3002Evelin Lindner\u00a0\u5728 &#8220;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Making-Enemies-Humiliation-International-Contemporary\/dp\/0275991091\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=142860RXSYYVL&amp;keywords=Making+Enemies%3A+Humiliation+and+International+Conflict&amp;qid=1687654847&amp;sprefix=making+enemies+humiliation+and+international+conflict%2Caps%2C614&amp;sr=8-1\">Making Enemies: Humiliation and International Conflict<\/a><\/em>&#8221; \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201c\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u525d\u596a\u6703\u7522\u751f\u66b4\u529b\u5831\u5fa9\u7684\u885d\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5831\u5fa9\u662f\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4ee5\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff1f\u201dLindner\u00a0\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6703\u717d\u52d5\u6975\u7aef\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u963b\u7919\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5979\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u6467\u6bc0\u6240\u7d93\u904e\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba \u201c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6838\u5f48 the nuclear bomb of emotions\u201d ( p 169 ) \u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u82e6\u96e3\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8457\u4f5c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evelin Lindner&nbsp;\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5353\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u904e\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002Lindner&nbsp;\u662f\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u4eba\u985e\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u8a72\u9805\u76ee\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u4f86\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u64b0\u5beb\u6709\u95dc\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u8b80\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lindner&nbsp;\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u653e\u4e0b\u548c\u58d3\u5236 about putting down and holding down\u201d ( p 3 )\u3002 \u9019\u662f \u201c\u901a\u904e\u640d\u5bb3\u5176\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u904e\u7a0b\u5f37\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u201d ( p xiv )\u3002 \u4f8b\u5b50\u5f9e\u4eba\u969b\u4ea4\u5f80\uff1a\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u6216\u540c\u5b78\u8cb6\u4f4e\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u65a5\u8cac\u6216\u6bc6\u6253\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5230\u793e\u6703\u5c64\u9762\u548c\u570b\u969b\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u300a\u51e1\u723e\u8cfd\u689d\u7d04\u300b\u5c0d\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u529b\uff1b\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u4e2d\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u7121\u7591\u52a9\u9577\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u73fe\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6027\u5c0d\u5f85\u4e0a\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e5f\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u8a72\u570b\u7684\u53db\u4e82\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1\u7f9e\u8fb1\u975e\u5e38\u771f\u5be6\u548c\u5f37\u70c8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u3002\u67d0\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7f9e\u8fb1\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5584\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5949\u627f\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u90fd\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u611f\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u611f\u60c5 feelings are feelings\u201d\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u4e26\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u61a4\u6012\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a8d\u8b58\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u5206\u6790\u5176\u5f8c\u679c\u4e26\u5236\u5b9a\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f \u201c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u7e31\u5bb9\u5b83\u5011 legitimize, accept, or condone them\u201d ( p xvi )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u5176\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u4e2d\u5347\u7d1a \u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u662f \u201c\u2026\u2026 \u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u9055\u53cd\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u5e73\u53cd\u8faf\u8b77\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u201d ( p xv )\u3002 \u5404\u65b9\u611f\u5230 \u201c\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ffd\u6c42 obligated to pursue\u201d \u7f9e\u8fb1\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u74b0\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u5718\u9ad4\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1 \u201c\u4e0a\u766e addicted\u201d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u8a08\u5283\u5730\u6311\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u85c9\u53e3\u4f86\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6545\u610f\u717d\u52d5\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5faa\u74b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u2026\u2026\u81ea\u6211\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u75f4\u8ff7 &#8230;self-perpetuating cultural obsessions\u201d ( p 140 )\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u5177\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u7834\u58de\u6027\u4e14\u96e3\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9810\u9632\u5b83\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u7f9e\u8fb1\u548c \u201c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5275\u50b7 chosen trauma\u201d\uff08\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u9ede\u71c3\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u7fa3\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\uff09\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u6558\u4e8b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab \u201c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6 humiliation entrepreneurs\u201d \u5229\u7528\u4f86\u717d\u52d5\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u6df7\u4e82\u3002Lindner&nbsp;\u5c07\u6b64\u7a31\u70ba\u5c0d\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684 \u201c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5f0f Hitler-like\u201d \u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u5e78\u904b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7d55\u9677\u5165\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u5c0a\u56b4\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4f60\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u4e00\u500b\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u5f0f Mandela-like\u201d\u53cd\u61c9\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u6b64\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5c0d\u65bc\u78ba\u4fdd\u548c\u5e73\u6975\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evelin Lindner&nbsp;\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9f13\u52f5\u500b\u4eba\u6392\u540d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6309\u7167\u5782\u76f4\u7b49\u7d1a\u6392\u5217\u5e7e\u4e4e\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u79e9\u5e8f\u2026\u2026\u201d \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u7b49\u7d1a\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8655\u65bc\u9802\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u5099\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5927\u5e2b\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u5c64\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4e0b\u5c6c\u3002 \u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u57fa\u65bc \u201c\u69ae\u8b7d\u4ee3\u78bc honor code\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b \u201c\u7d1a\u5225 level\u201d \u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d ( p 34 )\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7dad\u8b77\u7b49\u7d1a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7dad\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u6703\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6b63\u5982 Lindner&nbsp;\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u826f\u85e5 honorable social medicine\u201d ( p xiv )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lindner&nbsp;\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u69ae\u8b7d\u793e\u5718\u662f \u201c\u53e4\u8001\u7684 old order\u201d\u3001\u904e\u6642\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5979\u5805\u4fe1 \u201c\u8001 old\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc \u201c\u58de bad\u201d ( p xvii )\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u69ae\u8b7d\u793e\u5718\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f37\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u95dc\uff08\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0b\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e \u201c\u5149\u69ae\u7684\u793e\u6703\u91ab\u5b78 honorable social medicine\u201d\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u201c\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u793e\u6703\u75be\u75c5 dishonorable social disease\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \u201c\u525d\u596a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u525d\u596a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8089\u9ad4\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u201d ( pp xiv-xv ) \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lindner&nbsp;\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4eba\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4eba\u6b0a\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u5c0b\u6c42\u6d88\u9664\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u6467\u6bc0\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u5c0b\u6c42\u63a8\u7ffb\u7279\u5b9a\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u5c0b\u6c42\u6467\u6bc0\u4e00\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u5834\u788e\u7247\u5316\u4e14\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6bcf\u7576\u57fa\u65bc\u5782\u76f4\u8a55\u50f9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u4fc2\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u596e\u529b\u5ee2\u9664\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96a8\u8457\u9019\u4e9b \u201c\u820a\u7684 older\u201d \u69ae\u8b7d\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u5ee2\u9664\uff0c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u5c0b\u6c42\u5c07\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u5c0d\u69ae\u8b7d\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0b\u6c42\u626d\u8f49\u5782\u76f4\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u4e26\u5275\u5efa\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u65bc \u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0a\u56b4\u201d \u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002 \u6797\u5fb7\u7d0d\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201c\u8b19\u905c\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u8868\u793a\u5927\u5e2b\u61c9\u8a72\u901a\u904e\u5979\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u8b19\u5351\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u964d\u4f4e\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u5927\u5e2b\u5728\u88ab\u8b19\u5351\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff09\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c6c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u5782\u76f4\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u5347\u3002 \u5fc5\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u78ba\u4fdd\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u9075\u5b88 \u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0a\u56b4\u7dda one single line of equal dignity\u201d ( p 7 )\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u4e0b\u5c6c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b83\u4e26\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u524d\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002\u6839\u64da Lindner&nbsp;\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7f9e\u8fb1 \u201c&#8230;&#8230;\u7b49\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1&#8230;&#8230;\u201d \u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u7834\u58de\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u201c\u7121\u8ad6\u8ab0\u9078\u64c7\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5be6\u65bd\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7b49\u65bc\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u9084\u662f\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u201d\u3002( p 123 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96a8\u8457\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f54\u64da\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53d7\u4eba\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u6559\u80b2\u7684 \u201c\u65b0 new\u201d \u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u6b63\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u8fc5\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u5176\u666e\u904d\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u3002Lindner&nbsp;\u8a8d\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f37\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5f37\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4eba\u6b0a\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5c0a\u56b4\uff08\u5979\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u5e73\u7b49\u5316 Egalization \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff09\u548c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6839\u64da Lindner&nbsp;\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u5177\u6709\u8af7\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u611f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4eba\u6b0a\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u7406\u60f3\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u671f\u671b\u6642\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u611f\u6703\u52a0\u5287\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u671f\u671b\u96a8\u5f8c\u843d\u7a7a\u6642\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u611f\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u70c8\u3002\u201d ( p 183 )\u3002 \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u7d93\u6b77\u4eba\u6b0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6b77\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u56e0\u570b\u5bb6\u5931\u9748\u800c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \u201c\u52ab\u6301\u5236\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb high-jack institutional structures\u201d \u7684\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u81f3\u4e0a ( p 162 )\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u64daLindner \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u2026\u2026\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u767c\u751f\u5728\u627f\u8afe\u4eba\u6b0a\u4f46\u537b\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u6b0a\u5021\u5c0e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u70ba\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u8a00\u8fad\u3002\u201d \u5f9e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0cLindner \u8a8d\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00 \u201c\u5730\u7403\u6751 global village\u201d \u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5730\u7403\u6751\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u4fc3\u9032\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\uff08 \u6216\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5c0a\u56b4\uff09\u3002Lindner \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u8072\u7a31\u4e3b\u5f35\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5949\u884c\u57fa\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7f8e\u570b\u8655\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u9802\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002Lindner \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684 \u201c\u5730\u7403\u6751\u201d\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u61c9\u8a72 \u201c\u2026\u2026 \u7f8e\u570b\u5c07\u5176\u52c7\u6562\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u80fd\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u4e92\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u9019\u5c07\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u570b\u5f9e\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d \u201c\u964d\u5230 humbled\u201d \u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0a\u56b4\u7dda\u201d\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u9700\u8981\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u5176\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u7f8e\u570b\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u6e1b\u5c11\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002Lindner \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u9700\u8981 \u201c\u64fa\u812b\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff08\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8981\u8207\u4f60\u5408\u4f5c\uff1f\u201d\uff09\u53c3\u8207\u7167\u9867\u6211\u5011\u661f\u7403\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u201d ( p 106 )\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9080\u8acb\u5c07\u8981\u6c42\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u505c\u6b62\u5176 \u201c\u53cd\u7f8e\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c \u2018\u7f8e\u570b\u4f6c\u6efe\u56de\u5bb6\u2019 \u7684\u53eb\u558a\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u201d ( p 102 )\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cLindner \u4e3b\u5f35\u505c\u6b62\u5168\u7403\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u5c48\u8fb1 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u6642 \u201c\u65bd\u5bb3\u8005 perpetrators\u201d \u6703\u7121\u610f\u4e2d\u6216\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u9032\u884c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u7d30\u5fae\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4eba\u54e1\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u7d93\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a31\u591a \u201c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005 victims\u201d \u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u5728\u69ae\u8b7d\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u6703\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684 \u201c\u5408\u6cd5 legitimate\u201d \u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c07\u81ea\u9858\u81ea\u8fb1\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u69ae\u8b7d\u6e96\u5247\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u6d88\u9664\u6545\u610f\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u884c\u70ba\u4e26\u7a4d\u6975\u6e05\u9664\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u6642\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u5730\u7403\u6751\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe \u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5916\u7fa3\u9ad4 out-groups\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7403\u5167\u7fa4\u9ad4 &nbsp;in-group\u3002Lindner&nbsp;\u9f13\u52f5\u5979\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u9019\u6a23\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5efa\u8b70 \u201c\u2026\u2026\u8b80\u8005\u653e\u68c4 \u2018\u6211\u5011 we\u2019 \u548c \u2018\u4ed6\u5011 them\u2019 \u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba \u2018\u6211\u5011\u2019 \u548c \u2018\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e we humanity\u2019 \u2026\u2026\u201d \u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u5167\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86 \u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\u70ba \u201c\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6751\u838a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u201d\u3002( p 43 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u4e16\u754c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u7403\u6751\u6642\uff0c\u5a01\u8105\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5167\u90e8\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c&#8230;&#8230;\u201c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u9130\u5c45\uff1b \u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u597d\u9130\u5c45\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u58de\u9130\u5c45\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u7dad\u8b77\u793e\u6703\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u5bdf\uff08\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u62b5\u79a6\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff09\u201d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b \u201c\u5168\u7403\u8b66\u5bdf global police\u201d \u5c07\u5c0b\u6c42 \u201c\u2026\u2026\u7dad\u6301\u5730\u7403\u6751\u6709\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7db2\u7d61\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \u201c\u2026\u2026\u5c0b\u6c42\u6230\u722d\u7684\u52dd\u5229\u201d ( pp 43-44 )\u3002Lindner&nbsp;\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u806f\u5408\u570b\u8b66\u5bdf\u90e8\u968a\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\u9019\u652f\u8b66\u5bdf\u90e8\u968a\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5167\u90e8\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 \u5728\u56de\u61c9\u5c0d\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u2026\u2026\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u52a0\u5f37\u6211\u5011\u7684\u570b\u969b\u8b66\u5bdf\u90e8\u968a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u5931\u6557\u800c\u63a8\u7ffb\u5b83\u3002\u201d ( p 101 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 &#8220;<em>Making Enemies: Humiliation and International Conflict<\/em>&#8221; \u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 (The Future of Humiliation)\u4e2d\uff0cLindner&nbsp;\u554f\u9053\uff0c\u7576\u524d \u201c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u6751\u7684\u60b2\u6158\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88dc\u6551\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u201d ( p 187 )\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u7f9e\u8fb1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5f9e\u5979\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5141\u8a31\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5408\u4f75\u6210\u4e0d\u65b7\u5347\u7d1a\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5faa\u74b0 \uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u7531 \u201c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6 humiliation entrepreneurs\u201d \u7684 \u201c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5f0f\u201d \u53cd\u61c9\u6240\u62d2\u7d55\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eba\u985e\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u50b3\u64ad\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u8a00\u8fad\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6210\u529f\u5730\u50b3\u64ad\u4e86\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u975e\u51e1\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u7403\u6751\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u7f9e\u8fb1\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u904e\u5f9e\u4e0d\u6545\u610f\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e26\u63a1\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\u6d88\u9664\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5 \u201c\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u5f0f\u201d \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u986f\u8457\u6e1b\u5c11\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5c07\u5927\u5927\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u89e3\u9664 \u201c\u2026\u2026\u552f\u4e00 \u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201d \u5927\u898f\u6a21\u6bba\u50b7\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u2026\u2026\u201d \u53d7\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u53d7\u8fb1\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u552f\u4e00 \u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201d \u5927\u898f\u6a21\u6bba\u50b7\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u3002( p 171 )<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7576 Saddam Hussein&nbsp;\u7684\u96d5\u50cf\u5012\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4eba\u5728\u96d5\u50cf\u4e0a\u8df3\u821e\uff0c\u7528\u978b\u5b50\u6572\u64ca\u96d5\u50cf\u6642\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u6b61\u6a02\u3002\u7247\u523b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u540d\u7f8e\u570b\u58eb\u5175\u722c\u4e0a\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u5c07\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u65d7\u653e\u5728\u96d5\u50cf\u7684\u81c9\u4e0a\u6642\uff0c\u5168\u5834\u97ff\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9663\u5012\u5438\u4e00\u53e3\u6dbc\u6c23\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4eba\u7684\u6065\u8fb1\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u8072\u7a31\u8981\u89e3\u653e\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u61f8\u639b\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u65d7\u8996\u70ba\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002\u9019\u9762\u65d7\u5e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u570b\u65d7\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u6642\u523b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4fae\u8fb1\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u6df1\u9060\u3001\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7121\u610f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cEvelin Lindner&nbsp;\u8de8\u8d8a\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5be9\u8996\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u3001\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u767c\u61a4\u6012\u3001\u8d77\u7fa9\u3001\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u6230\u722d\u3002\u6191\u85c9\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u548c\u5e73\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3001\u6703\u8aaa\u4e03\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\uff0cEvelin Lindner&nbsp;\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u8a00\u8a9e\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3001\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u4e9b\u8a00\u8a9e\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u5982\u4f55\u52aa\u529b\u907f\u514d\u5c07\u4f86\u518d\u767c\u751f\u985e\u4f3c\u60c5\u6cc1 \u3002\u5f9e\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u884c\u70ba\u5230 Abu Ghraib \u76e3\u7344\u7b49\u6545\u610f\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u5f9e\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u548c\u7d22\u99ac\u91cc\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u671f\u9593\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5230\u7d10\u7d04\u96d9\u5b50\u5854\u8972\u64ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u5146\uff0cLindner&nbsp;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002 \u525d\u596a\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6291\u9b31\u548c\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u3002Evelin Lindner\u00a0\u5728 &#8220;Making Enemies: Humiliation and International Conflict&#8221; \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201c\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u525d\u596a\u6703\u7522\u751f\u66b4\u529b\u5831\u5fa9\u7684\u885d\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5831\u5fa9\u662f\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4ee5\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff1f\u201dLindner\u00a0\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6703\u717d\u52d5\u6975\u7aef\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u963b\u7919\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5979\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u6467\u6bc0\u6240\u7d93\u904e\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba \u201c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6838\u5f48 the nuclear bomb of emotions\u201d ( p 169 ) \u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u82e6\u96e3\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8457\u4f5c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 Evelin Lindner&nbsp;\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5353\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u904e\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002Lindner&nbsp;\u662f\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u4eba\u985e\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u8a72\u9805\u76ee\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u4f86\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u64b0\u5beb\u6709\u95dc\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u8b80\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002 Lindner&nbsp;\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u653e\u4e0b\u548c\u58d3\u5236 about putting down and holding &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/06\/25\/making-enemies-humiliation-and-international-conflict\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2kE","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8968"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8969,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8968\/revisions\/8969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}