{"id":8992,"date":"2023-07-10T10:38:10","date_gmt":"2023-07-10T10:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=8992"},"modified":"2023-07-10T10:38:15","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T10:38:15","slug":"hawaiki-ancestral-polynesia-an-essay-in-historical-anthropology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/07\/10\/hawaiki-ancestral-polynesia-an-essay-in-historical-anthropology\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawaiki, Ancestral Polynesia: An Essay in Historical Anthropology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6bcf\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5957 \u201c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8a71\u8a9e\u201d \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\uff08\u4f30\u8a08\uff09\u5b78\u79d1\u7684 \u201c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8a71\u8a9e\u201d \u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5957 \u201c\u7cfb\u7d71\u201d\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u4e5f\u81ea\u6709\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a21\u5f0f\u597d\u90a3\u500b\u4e0d\u597d\uff0f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e5f\u96e3\u8aaa\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a87\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u9593\u4e5f\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff \u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u8aaa\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u66f8\u5beb\u662f\u5426\u6c92\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u60f3\u6015\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5427\u3002\u3002\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6975\u81f3\u7684\uff09\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hawaiki<\/a>\uff0cPolynesia <\/a>\u4eba\u6b4c\u980c\u7684\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6545\u9109\uff0c\u6b7b\u8005\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u6839\u64da Patrick Vinton Kirch \u548c Roger Green \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0cPolynesia<\/a> \u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\u662f\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d 1 \u4e16\u7d00\u5728 Tonga \u548c  Samoa \u7fa4\u5cf6\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8fd1\u9130\uff09\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u6b62\u6b65\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u500b\u53f2\u524d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u5728 1987 \u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u984c\u70ba \u201c History, phylogeny, and evolution in Polynesia<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u767c\u8868\u5728 1987 \u5e74\u7684 “Current Anthropology<\/em><\/a>” \u4e0a\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u61f7\u7591\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4ea4\u53c9\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f86\u81ea\u4eba\u985e\u548c\uff0f\u6216\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6578\u64da\u3002\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u9019\u7a2e\u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u914b\u9577\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54 \uff0c\u9019\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5c0d\u7576\u524d\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u5929\u771f\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u6bc5\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u6253\u7834\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u3002\u5728\u88cf\u9762\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u6307\u5b9a\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u64f4\u5c55\u4f86\u9650\u5b9a\u9019\u7a2e\u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e92\u88dc\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\uff0c\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u539f\u5275\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u8907\u8208\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u8070\u660e\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\uff08(Patrick Vinton Kirch\uff09\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u53f2\u524d\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u9818\u57df\u7684\u535a\u5b78\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\uff08(Roger Green\uff09\u5206\u4eab\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3 Polynesia<\/a> \u6a21\u578b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684 \u201c\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5 phylogenetic approach\u201d \u3002\u901a\u904e\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6 \u201c\u76f8\u95dc\u7fa3\u9ad4\u5167\u6587\u5316\u5206\u5316\u6216\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9806\u5e8f\uff0f\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u50b3\u64ad\u6a5f\u5236\u5982\u4f55\u201d\uff08 p 13 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00(on historical anthropology)\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684 Polynesia \u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u8208\u8da3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d Polynesia \u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u9032\u884c\u5168\u9762\u8abf\u67e5\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5c07\u6b77\u53f2\u9650\u5236\u5728\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u737b\u6216\u9298\u6587\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u3002\u901a\u904e\u8a5e\u6e90\u5b78\u548c\u8a9e\u7fa9\u65b9\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6578\u64da\u8207\u8003\u53e4\u6578\u64da\u4e4b\u9593\u5076\u723e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\u6709\u6642\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5165\u4fb5\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8003\u53e4\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\uff0f\u6216\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b78\u5c6c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0cPolynesia \u8655\u65bc\u6709\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u6578\u64da\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u5efa\u8a9e\u8a00\u5916\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hawaiki \u4e00\u8a5e\u5c6c\u65bc\u5728 Polynesia \u5b78\u8005\u76f8\u7576\u72f9\u7a84\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u4e4b\u5916\u76f8\u5c0d\u77e5\u540d\u7684 Polynesia \u8a5e\u5f59\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u9078\u64c7\u5b83\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u806f\u5408\u4f5c\u54c1\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u6240\u6709 Polynesia \u4eba\u5171\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f \u2014\u2014 \u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6771\u65b9\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa Hawaiki \u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u65bc Polynesia\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Samoa \u6700\u897f\u908a\u7684\u5730\u540d Savai’i \u4eba\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u65e8\u5728\u7e3d\u7d50\u6211\u5011\u5c0d Polynesia \u7956\u5148\u968e\u6bb5\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5176\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u540d\u7a31\u5982\u4f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirch \u548c Green \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6e90\u81ea\u6bd4\u8f03\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u91cd\u5efa\u539f\u59cb\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u539f\u59cb\u7d71\u4e00\u9ad4\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u5b50\u8a9e\u8a00\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u56e0 \u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5b78\u79d1\u7368\u7acb\u5730\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u8ca2\u737b\u5176\u6578\u64da\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u201d \u7684\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff08 p 42 \uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba \u201c\u4e09\u89d2\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5 triangulation method\u201d \u3002 \u591a\u500b\uff08\u5b50\uff09\u5b78\u79d1\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u968e\u6bb5\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u4e26\u884c\u61c9\u7528\u6578\u64da\u662f\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5370\u6b50\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u4e2d\u5f97\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5357\u5cf6\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76 Austronesian studies \u9818\u57df\uff0cA. Pawley\u3001M. Ross\u3001M. Osmond \u7b49\u4eba\u591a\u6b21\u5617\u8a66\u7814\u7a76\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5834\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u6709\u95dc\u793e\u5340\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8b02\u7684 \u201c\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u80b2\u6a21\u578b phylogenetic model\u201d \u76f8\u5c0d\u5bb9\u6613\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u4e00\u7d44\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u9650\u7684\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u5340\u9664\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\u9084\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u662f\u7531 \u9069\u61c9\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u65cf\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u9069\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6771\uff09Polynesia \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u63ee\u91cd\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c 13-16 \u9801\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u80b2\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u6307\u5c0e\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\u53ca\u5176\u5728 Polynesia \u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u4ed6\u65e9\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u5c31\u6709\u524d\u8f29\uff0cKirch \u548c Green \u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 A. K. Romney \u65bc 1957 \u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u5728 Kirch \u548c Green \u7684\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6578\u64da\uff08\u540c\u6e90\u8a5e\u7b49\uff09\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 (The phylogenetic model: theory and method)\u7531\u4e09\u7ae0\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206(Rediscovering Hawaiki)\u6709\u516d\u7ae0\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u91cd\u5efa\u9019\u7a2e\u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0(The phylogenetic model in historical anthropology)\u662f\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5b83\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8207\u5275\u5efa\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9032\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0(Methodologies: implementing the phylogenetic model )\u8a0e\u8ad6 \u201c\u4e09\u89d2\u6e2c\u91cf\u6cd5\u201d\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u6e2c\u91cf\u5e2b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u6027\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u540c\u4e00\u5c0d\u8c61\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u591a\u500b\u95b1\u8b80\u7db2\u683c\u7684\u758a\u52a0\u3002 \u6b63\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\/\u6216\u53e3\u982d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6578\u64da\u7684\u878d\u5408\u624d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u5047\u8a2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f9d\u64da\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0( Polynesia as a phylogenetic unit)\u5c07 Polynesia \u7956\u5148\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u6563\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u80b2\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7247\u6bb5 segment of cultural history\u201d\uff08 p 278 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 (Rediscovering Hawaiki) \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4f9d\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u795e\u9748\u548c\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u70ba\u9019\u500b Polynesia \u7956\u5148\u5728\u6280\u8853\u884c\u52d5\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8868\u73fe\u65b9\u9762\u6295\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8ce6\u4e88\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u7406\u7531\u3002 \u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7531 Bruce Biggs \u5275\u5efa\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u7684 POLLEX \u6578\u64da\u5eab\u4e2d\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u5df2\u6545\u5967\u514b\u862d\u5927\u5b78\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6 Bruce Biggs \u7684\u5de7\u5999\u800c\u5145\u6eff\u611b\u610f\u7684\u81f4\u656c\uff0c Bruce Biggs \u65bc 2000 \u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002Biggs \u65e9\u5728 1965 \u5e74\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u7de8\u8b6f proto-Polynesian \u8a9e\u8a00\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5316\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u662f\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53f2\u524d\u793e\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u8981\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u5beb\u4f5c\u6642\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u8f09\u9ad4\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7d50\u69cb\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u7269\u8cea\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6613\u8150\u721b\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7269\u54c1\u4e86\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u7684 20%\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6fc0\u52f5\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u91cd\u65b0\u8abf\u6574\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6982\u5ff5\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u7d42\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a8d\u70ba 1987 \u5e74\u8868\u9054\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5df2\u7d93\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e Polynesia \u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u78ba\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u548c\u5fa9\u96dc\u3002 Patrick Vinton Kirch \u548c Roger Green \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u793e\u6703\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u524d\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u904e\u65bc\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirch \u548c Green \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u91cd\u5efa Hawaiki \u7684\u5617\u8a66\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5411\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u5c07\u73fe\u5728\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Polynesia \u793e\u5340\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u666e\u904d\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u537b\u9060\u975e\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8d77\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u7956\u5148\u793e\u5340\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff08 p 282 \uff09\u3002 \u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65b9\u8a00\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u662f\u6709\u6548\u9032\u5316\u548c\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u9069\u61c9\u65b0\u74b0\u5883\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u63d0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Hawaiki, Ancestral Polynesia: An Essay in Historical Anthropology<\/a><\/em>” \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8a3b\u91cb\uff08\u7b2c 285-312 \u9801\uff09\u3001\u8853\u8a9e\u8868\uff08\u7b2c 313-316 \u9801\uff09\u3001\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee\uff08\u7b2c 317-355 \u9801\uff09\u548c\u5169\u500b\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Proto-Polynesian \u91cd\u5efa\uff08\u7b2c 356-375 \u9801\uff09 \uff09\u3002 \u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u70ba Polynesia\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6bcf\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5957 \u201c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8a71\u8a9e\u201d \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\uff08\u4f30\u8a08\uff09\u5b78\u79d1\u7684 \u201c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8a71\u8a9e\u201d \u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0b\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5957 \u201c\u7cfb\u7d71\u201d\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u4e5f\u81ea\u6709\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a21\u5f0f\u597d\u90a3\u500b\u4e0d\u597d\uff0f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e5f\u96e3\u8aaa\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a87\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u9593\u4e5f\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff \u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u8aaa\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u66f8\u5beb\u662f\u5426\u6c92\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u60f3\u6015\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5427\u3002\u3002\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6975\u81f3\u7684\uff09\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 Hawaiki\uff0cPolynesia \u4eba\u6b4c\u980c\u7684\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6545\u9109\uff0c\u6b7b\u8005\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u6839\u64da Patrick Vinton Kirch \u548c Roger Green \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0cPolynesia \u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\u662f\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d 1 \u4e16\u7d00\u5728 Tonga \u548c  Samoa \u7fa4\u5cf6\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8fd1\u9130\uff09\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u6b62\u6b65\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u500b\u53f2\u524d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u91cd\u5efa\u3002 \u65e9\u5728 1987 \u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u984c\u70ba \u201c History, phylogeny, and evolution in Polynesia\u201d \u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u767c\u8868\u5728 1987 \u5e74\u7684 “Current Anthropology” \u4e0a\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u61f7\u7591\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4ea4\u53c9\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f86\u81ea\u4eba\u985e\u548c\uff0f\u6216\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6578\u64da\u3002\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u9019\u7a2e\u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u914b\u9577\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54 \uff0c\u9019\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5c0d\u7576\u524d\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u5929\u771f\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u6bc5\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u6253\u7834\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u3002\u5728\u88cf\u9762\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u6307\u5b9a\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u64f4\u5c55\u4f86\u9650\u5b9a\u9019\u7a2e\u7956\u5148\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e92\u88dc\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\uff0c\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u539f\u5275\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u8907\u8208\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u8070\u660e\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\uff08(Patrick … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2l2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8992"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8993,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8992\/revisions\/8993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}