{"id":9002,"date":"2023-07-14T04:42:05","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T04:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9002"},"modified":"2023-07-14T04:42:11","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T04:42:11","slug":"sharia-scripts-a-historical-anthropology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/07\/14\/sharia-scripts-a-historical-anthropology\/","title":{"rendered":"Shar\u012b\u2018a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5c0d Ottoman \u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aac\u53c8\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u964c\u751f \u3002\u597d\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u63a5\u89f8\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5c0d\u300a\u53ef\u862d\u7d93\u300b\u4e5f\u66fe\u4e00\u8b80\u3002\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e2d Brinkley Morris Messick \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7121\u7591\u662f\u96e3\u5f97\u7684\uff1a\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u4e36\u6587\u737b\u5b78\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3002Brinkley Messick \u7e7c 1993 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c “The Calligraphic State: Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society<\/a><\/em>” \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u672c “Shar\u012b\u2018a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology<\/a><\/em>” \u662f\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5 Shar\u012b\u2018a \u5be6\u8e10\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85 shar\u012b\u02bba (\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5) \u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5c64\u9762\u3002Messick \u501f\u9452 Mikhail Bakhtin \u95dc\u65bc\u4e92\u6587\u6027\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff1a\u4e5f\u9580\u9ad8\u5730\u7684 Ibb \u93ae\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u9ad8\u5730\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u6642\u671f\u5f9e 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5230 1962 \u5e74\u9769\u547d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e5f\u9580\u5171\u548c\u570b\u3002Messick \u8457\u773c\u65bc\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u201c\u5c0d\u4f5c\u70ba\u6587\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u60c5\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u5c0d\u8c61\u201d\uff08 p 8 \uff09\uff0cMessick \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7e3d\u662f\u8003\u616e\u4ed6\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e26\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u8fb2\u696d\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u7576\u7368\u7279\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f9e\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb \uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5728 Ottomans \u5e1d\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u9084\u662f\u5728\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u5916\u570b\u5217\u5f37\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u8ad6\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u7684\u795e\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff1aZayd\u012b Imamate\uff0c\u5176\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6709\u8457\u6578\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5bb6\u8b5c\u8207\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u5973\u5a7f Al\u012b \u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 Imam al-Shawk\u0101n\u012b  \u767b\u57fa\uff08 d.1834\uff09\u3002Messick \u5c07\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u7684 Imamate\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Imamate \u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u89e3\u91cb\u8005\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u3002 \u9019\u8207\u4e16\u4fd7\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578 \u201c\u865b\u69cb fictional\u201d  Imamate \u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u65bc\u6559\u6cd5\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u201d\uff08 p 14 \uff09\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6\u7fa3\u9ad4\u6a6b\u5411\u57f7\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3 Zayd\u012b \u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u548c Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b \u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6cd5\u5f8b\u666f\u89c0\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0cMessick \u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u53e4\u5178\u6c99\u88cf\u6cd5\u5b78\u7684\u5016\u5b58\u6b98\u9918\u201d\uff08 p 18 \uff09\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6642\u9593\u7126\u9ede\u662f 1962 \u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e5f\u9580\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u790e\u6587\u672c\u5df2\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6587\u737b\u8b49\u64da\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Shar\u012b\u2018a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology<\/em>” \u52a0\u6df1\u4e86 Messick \u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6587\u672c\u6027\u7684\u7522\u751f\u548c\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u63a2\u7a76\u66f8\u9762\u8a18\u9304\uff0cMessick \u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u8207 Lawrence Rosen \u7b49\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u50c5\u5f9e\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u53e3\u982d\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Messick \u7684\u6587\u672c\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u624b\u7a3f\u5f62\u5f0f\u9084\u662f\u5370\u5237\u54c1\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u7a2e\u5b78\u6578\u64da\u7684\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u64da\u662f\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7530\u91ce\u8abf\u67e5\u671f\u9593\u5c0d Ibb \u7684 shar\u012b\u02bf\u0101 \u7a7a\u9593\u9032\u884c\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u63a1\u53d6\u96d9\u7ba1\u9f4a\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u6b63\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u7576\u5730\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 Talal Asad \u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6cd5\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u5728 Mikhail Bakhtin \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4ed6\u7684 \u201c\u7d19\u8cea\u8a9e\u8a00 paper language\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u672c\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u3002 \u5c0d\u8a71\u6a21\u5f0f\u63ed\u793a\u4e26\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u66f8\u9762\u8868\u9054\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u8a00\u8a9e\uff08 p 50-52 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 Shar\u012b\u02bba scripts \u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u66f8\u5beb\u4e5f\u9580\u793e\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002Messick \u5340\u5206\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u7fa4\uff1a\u201c\u5716\u66f8\u9928 the library\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u5b78\u7fd2\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5e38\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b \u4ee5\u53ca\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u201c\u6a94\u6848 the archive\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5be6\u8e10\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u6587\u66f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u4ed6\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0cshar\u012b\u02bba \u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e0a\u5206\u70ba\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u8207\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u533f\u540d\u7684\u548c\u6280\u8853\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u8207\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u547d\u540d\u7684\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u9019\u6d89\u53ca\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u4f86\u56de\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7531\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u548c\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5341\u7ae0\u7d44\u6210\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u201cLIBRARY\u201d \u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8 \u201c\u6b77\u53f2 shar\u012b\u02bf\u0101 \u7684\u6587\u672c\u67b6\u69cb\u201d\uff08 p 20 \uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b Zayd\u012b fiqh \u7684\u95dc\u9375\u624b\u518a\u53ca\u5176\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6280\u8853\u3001\u6559\u7fa9\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7121\u95dc\u548c\u81e8\u6642\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53c3\u8003\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u66f8\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u548c\u4e92\u6587\u7f8e\u5b78\u6216Messick\uff08\u63f4\u5f15 Pierre Bourdieu \uff09\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u6587\u672c\u7fd2\u6163 textual habitus\u201d \u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u89e3\u8b80 \u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 \u201cARCHIVE\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cMessick \u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u6587\u737b\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u6b77\u53f2\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f9e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u8f49\u5411\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u7576\u5730\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea4\u53c9\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u5f9e\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u6c7a\u5230\u516c\u8b49\u6587\u66f8\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u904e\u6642\u3001\u500b\u6027\u5316\u548c\u7576\u5730\u9298\u6587\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u548c\u6a94\u6848\u9928\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u78ba\u5b9a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38 shar\u012b\u02bf\u0101 (\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5) \u88cf\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u5171\u9cf4\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u624b\u518a\u8207\u901a\u5e38\u55ae\u7368\u7814\u7a76\u7684 \u201c\u5e38\u898f\u6587\u4ef6 routine documents\u201d \u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u6b63\u5728\u904b\u884c\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6cd5\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c07\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u9032\u5230\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86 Weber \u5f0f\u7684 kadijustiz \u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 (Books) \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 Zayd\u012b \u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u6d3e (Madhhab) \u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u7fa9\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u7684 “The Book of Flowers” \u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u672c\u57fa\u790e\u624b\u518a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a55\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u7ae0\u901a\u904e\u5176\u4ed6 Zayd\u012b \u6cd5\u5f8b\u8457\u4f5c\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d u\u1e63\u016bl al-fiqh\uff08\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6cd5\u5b78\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u548c\u539f\u5247\uff09\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4f86\u62d3\u5bec\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 (Commentaries: \u201cWrite It Down\u201d) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6d89\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5beb\u4f5c\u8207\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08Messick \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728 “Shar\u012b\u02bfa Scripts<\/em>” \u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u904b\u884c\uff09\u3002 Messick \u7279\u5225\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5ead\u5c0d\u53e3\u982d\u8b49\u8a5e\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u6587\u4ef6\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5408\u540c\u5354\u8b70\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8b49\u4eba\u5927\u8072\u6717\u8b80\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 (Opinions) \u8003\u616e\u57fa\u65bc\u5169\u7a2e\u6587\u672c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6 (muft\u012bs) \u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u6559\u4ee4\u548c Zayd\u012b imams \u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u89e3\u91cb\u6216 \u201c\u9078\u64c7\u201d(ikhtiyar\u0101t)\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u984c\u70ba \u201c Practice with Writing\u201d\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u53e3\u982d\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u53e3\u982d\u66f8\u9762\u754c\u9762\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u5b57\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u8a55\u8ad6\u548c\u8ffd\u6bba\u4ee4\u6587\u737b fatw\u0101 literature\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u8b39\u614e\u4f9d\u8cf4\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8b49\u660e\u624b\u5beb\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u507d\u9020\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u9084\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\u5df2\u6545\u6f14\u54e1\u88fd\u4f5c\u548c\u898b\u8b49\u7684\u820a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u68d8\u624b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u201cIntermission\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cMessick \u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u66f8\u540d\u4e2d \u201cscript \u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u5c0d\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u7684\u88fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u7576\u5730\u6587\u672c\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u5982\u5beb\u5728\u7d19\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 (Judgments) \u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u57fa\u65bc\u4e94\u9805\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u696d\u52d9\u548c \u201c\u6587\u672c\u52d5\u614b textual dynamics\u201d\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d Imam Ya\u1e25ya \u65bc1937 \u5e74\u767c\u5e03\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662 \u201c\u6307\u4ee4 Instructions\u201d \u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0 (Minutes) \u662f\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5ead\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u6587\u9ad4\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u4ed4\u7d30\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 (Moral Stipulations) \u5247\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u6cd5\u5ead\u79ae\u5100\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u5b9a\uff08shur\u016b\u1e6d\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b58\u6703\u8b70\u8a18\u9304\u548c\u5408\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f Zayd\u012b \u6cd5\u5b98\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u507d\u9020\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u4f5c\u5047\u8b49\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u9084\u662f\u507d\u9020\u8a18\u9304\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u201cContracts\u201d \u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u65bc shur\u016b\u1e6d \u6587\u737b\uff08\u5373 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e5f\u9580\u5b78\u8005 al-Iry\u0101n\u012b \u7684\u5408\u540c\u516c\u5f0f\u96c6\uff09\u548c\u624b\u5beb\u6587\u66f8\u6a23\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u79df\u8cc3\u548c\u92b7\u552e\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9084\u95dc\u6ce8\u5728\u4e5f\u9580\u7a31\u70ba ba\u1e63\u012bra \u7684\u571f\u5730\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u92b7\u552e\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0cMessick \u518d\u6b21\u5728 \u201c\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u201d \u548c \u201c\u6a94\u6848\u9928\u201d \u4e4b\u9593\u5c0e\u822a\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u6b23\u8cde\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 \u201c\u7d19\u8cea\u8a9e\u8a00\u201d \u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u7684\u898f\u5247\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Shari’a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology<\/em>” \u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u4e5f\u9580\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u8655\u65bc\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6587\u672c\u67b6\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u6b0a\u3001Ottoman \u5e1d\u570b\u665a\u671f\u6539\u9769\u8005\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u7e2e\u5c0f\u4e86\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f46\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u4e5f\u9580\u9ad8\u539f\u5343\u5e74\u7684Zayd\u012b \u6cd5\u5b78\u6d3e\u4ecd\u7136\u4f54\u64da\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002Brinkley Messick \u5229\u7528\u4e5f\u9580\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u8c50\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u672c\u5730\u5316\u7684\u3001\u9bae\u6d3b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7368\u7279\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002”Shar\u012b\u02bfa Scripts<\/em>” \u95b1\u8b80\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6587\u672c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8996\u89d2\u3002Messick \u5c07\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u70ba\u7576\u5730\u7684\u6587\u672c\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5340\u5206\u4e86\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\uff08\u6216 \u201c\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u201d \uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u516c\u8b49\u4f5c\u5bb6\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff08\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u6a94\u6848\u201d \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91cd\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u66f8\u7c4d\uff1b  muftis \u548c imams \u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u767c\u8868\u610f\u898b\uff1b \u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff1b \u4ee5\u53ca\u5408\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u3002Messick \u5c0d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7cbe\u8b80\u8f14\u4ee5\u57fa\u65bc\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5be6\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56de\u9867\u6027\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u548c\u53e3\u8ff0\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u901a\u904e\u76f4\u9762\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c0d\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002”Shar\u012b\u02bfa Scripts<\/em>” \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53f2\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u898b\u89e3\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Shari’a Scripts”<\/em> \u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u5b78\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5091\u4f5c\u3002 \u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u4e92\u6587\u7de8\u7e54\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cMessick \u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u88c1\u6c7a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u898f\u5247\u7684\u88fd\u5b9a\u8005\u3002 \u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u904e\u985e\u6bd4\u6f14\u7e79\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u3002 \u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5efa\u8b70\uff08fatwa\uff0cpl. fatawa\uff09\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0cMessick \u518d\u6b21\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5145\u5be6\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u548c\u6a94\u6848\u9928\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff1b \u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u6191\u7d93\u9a57\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u55ae\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a1\u7528\u4e86 Wael Hallaq \u7684 \u201c\u525d\u96e2 stripping\u201d \u6280\u8853\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u525d\u96e2\u7684 \u201c\u5169\u500b\u6642\u523b two moments\u201d \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u6642\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u767c\u751f\u5728\u88fd\u5b9a\u5efa\u8b70\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5f9e\u7368\u7acb\u610f\u898b\u5230\u66f8\u7c4d\u689d\u76ee\u7684\u985e\u578b\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002Messick \u9084\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8b70\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u88c1\u6c7a\u6709\u95dc\u3002 \u524d\u8005\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u898f\u5247\u548c\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u5c0b\u627e\u9069\u7528\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002 \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8b49\u660e \u201c\u5728\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u6d3b\u8e8d\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u548c\u6a94\u6848\u9928\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u201d\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u5fc5\u7136\u201c\u5171\u8b00 complicit\u201d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5927\u985e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u662f\u7576\u5730 shar\u012b\u02bba \u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u52de\u52d5\u5206\u5de5\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u69cb\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u201d\uff08p 217 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Shari’a Scripts”<\/em> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u70ba\u5b78\u624b\u518a\u3002Messick \u7d50\u5408\u5c0d\u4e5f\u9580\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u548c\u5c0d\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u884c\uff1a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u201c\u5411\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u69cb\u5efa\u8005\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u610f\u9858\u548c\u8a13\u7df4\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d \uff08 p 343 \u3002\u6587\u672c\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5145\u5206\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u90fd\u53c3\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u7de8\u5beb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u89e3\u8b80\u70ba\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a\u201c\u70ba\u4e86 \u7814\u7a76\u6a94\u6848\u6587\u672c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u904e\u6642\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8981\u601d\u8003\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u601d\u8003\u6587\u672c\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u201d\uff08 p 220 \uff09\u3002\u6587\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7814\u7a76 \u4efb\u4f55\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d shar\u012b\u02bba \u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Messick \u7d93\u5e38\u8207\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u4e5f\u9580\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002 \u4e0d\u8981\u8207\u7576\u4ee3 shar\u012b\u02bba \u5c08\u5bb6\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5c0d Ottoman \u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aac\u53c8\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u964c\u751f \u3002\u597d\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u63a5\u89f8\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5c0d\u300a\u53ef\u862d\u7d93\u300b\u4e5f\u66fe\u4e00\u8b80\u3002\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e2d Brinkley Morris Messick \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7121\u7591\u662f\u96e3\u5f97\u7684\uff1a\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u4e36\u6587\u737b\u5b78\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3002Brinkley Messick \u7e7c 1993 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c “The Calligraphic State: Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society” \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u672c “Shar\u012b\u2018a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology” \u662f\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5c0d\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5 Shar\u012b\u2018a \u5be6\u8e10\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85 shar\u012b\u02bba (\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5) \u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5c64\u9762\u3002Messick \u501f\u9452 Mikhail Bakhtin \u95dc\u65bc\u4e92\u6587\u6027\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6cd5\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff1a\u4e5f\u9580\u9ad8\u5730\u7684 Ibb … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2lc","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9002"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9002\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9003,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9002\/revisions\/9003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}