{"id":9004,"date":"2023-07-15T16:46:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-15T16:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9004"},"modified":"2023-07-15T16:46:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-15T16:46:54","slug":"rituality-and-social-disorder-the-historical-anthropology-of-popular-carnival-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/07\/15\/rituality-and-social-disorder-the-historical-anthropology-of-popular-carnival-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Rituality and Social (Dis)Order : The Historical Anthropology of Popular Carnival in Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u7bc0\u65e5\u73fe\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u548c\u6a19\u8a8c\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5206\u5c64\u800c\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u672c “Rituality and Social (Dis)Order : The Historical Anthropology of Popular Carnival in Europe<\/a><\/em>” \u662f\u8d85\u904e 12 \u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u7528\u82f1\u8a9e\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u6d41\u884c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u5176\u8c61\u5fb5\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c64\u9762\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9769\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cea\u7591\u95dc\u65bc\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u8ddd\u548c\u5dee\u7570\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u548c\u518d\u73fe\u7684\u73fe\u6709\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u7bc0\u65e5\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u8870\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u88ab\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7c73 Mikhail Bakhtin \u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba \u201c\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u3001\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u512a\u79c0\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\u537b\u5f88\u5c11 (Problems of Dostoevsky\u2019s Poetics, innesota Press<\/a><\/em>, 1984, p 122)\u3002Bakhtin \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ba1\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u57fa\u790e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b77\u53f2\u8b49\u64da\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Peter Burke \u7684 “Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe<\/a><\/em> <\/a>\uff081978\u5e74\uff09” \u6216\u6587\u5b78\u5b78\u8005 Meg Twycross \u548c Sarah Carpenter \u6700\u8fd1\u7684 “Masks and Masking in Medieval and Early Tudor England<\/a><\/em>“\uff082002\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u66f8\u7c4d\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u548c\u5fae\u89c0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u898b\u89e3\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u4e09\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u6240\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7d9c\u5408\u6216\u7cfb\u7d71\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u4ff1\u5099\u6316\u6398\u6b50\u6d32\u4e3b\u8981 \u201c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\uff09\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6a94\u6848\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u5011\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5287\u76ee\u53ca\u5176\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u52d5\u89ba\u8a18\u61b6\u6709\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u586b\u88dc\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u7528 Diana Taylo \u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u8003\u616e\u7528\u4f86\u81ea\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u7a2e\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u88dc\u5145\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u8abf\u67e5 \u3002(<\/a>The Archive and the Repertoire: Cultural Memory and Performance in the Americas<\/a><\/em>,<\/a> Duke, 2003 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9451\u65bc Alessandro Testa \u64c1\u6709\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u548c\u591a\u8a9e\u8a00\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u514b\u670d\u9019\u4e9b\u969c\u7919\u3002 \u201cRituality and Social (Dis)Order<\/em>\u201d\u4e0d\u50c5\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u4ed6\u904e\u53bb\u5c0d\u7bc0\u65e5\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u7bc0\u65e5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u555f\u767c\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5100\u5f0f\u7378\u5f62\u795e\u73fe\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6 James Frazer \u548c Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u6c11\u4fd7\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u975e\u7269\u8cea\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u88cf Testa \u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u591a\u500b\u5730\u5340\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u570b\u548c\u52a0\u6cf0\u7f85\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff09\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5be6\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u4e5f\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u7522\u751f\u65e2\u5ee3\u6cdb\u53c8\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684 \u201c\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78 historical anthropology of carnival in Europe<\/em>\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 (A Theory of Popular Culture From the South) \u4e2d\uff0cTesta \u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u5f9e 20 \u4e16\u7d00 30 \u5e74\u4ee3\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Antonio Gramsci \u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u4f86\u81ea\u5357\u65b9\u201d \u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u8996\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5e73\u6c11\u54f2\u5b78\u201d \u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u7fd2\u4fd7\u7684\u6b98\u9918\u6216\u963b\u6b62\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u5012\u9000\u529b\u91cf\uff08 pp 2\uff0c7 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c07\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u5f9e 20 \u4e16\u7d00 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165 \u201c\u5f8c\u798f\u7279\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 post-Fordist, neoliberal\u201d \u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u8207\u96a8\u8457\u5f9e\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5927\u773e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5340\u5206\u9ad8\u96c5\u6587\u5316\u8207\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff08 p 4 \uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u578b\u8207\u5206\u6790\u7576\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u793e\u6703\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u660e\u78ba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u548c\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u5167\u5316\u7b49\u7d1a\u539f\u5247\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8207\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Peter Burke \u548cJacques Revel \u4e00\u6a23\uff0cTesta \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u6d41\u901a circulation\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ac7\u5224 negotiation\u201d \u548c \u201c\u6df7\u6210 hybridisations\u201d \u7b49\u8a5e\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u7d71\u6cbb\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u793e\u6703\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u78ba\u5be6\u5728\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u88cf\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u5100\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5167\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9451\u65bc\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 (Ritual Inversions, Cultural Hegemony, and the Structure of the Conjuncture) \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7d0080\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u8cea\u7591Bakhtin \u5c07\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u8207 \u201c\u4eba\u6c11 he people\u201d \u6216 \u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u5c64 Tiers \u00c9tat (the Third Estate)\u201d \u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u5230\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u6176\u795d\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u7bc4\u570d\u904d\u53ca\u6574\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\uff1b\u57ce\u5e02\u7cbe\u82f1\u3001\u540d\u4eba\u548c\u884c\u6703\u90fd\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u56db\u65ec\u9f4b\u524d\u5a1b\u6a02\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u3002Testa \u4e26\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u7bc0\u65e5\u8d0a\u52a9\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u8cb4\u65cf\u78ba\u5be6\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u7684 \u201c\u5e95\u5c64 subalterns\u201d \u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7e31\u5bb9\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u4e0b\u4eab\u53d7\u72c2\u6b61\u7684\u611a\u8822\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u61c9\u8207\u793e\u6703\u754c\u9650\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8207\u73fe\u6709\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u5012\u7f6e\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002Testa \u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u6388\u4e88\u8a31\u53ef\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u672c\u8eab\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u4f7f\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u68c4\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\u201d\uff08 p 138 \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Terry Eagleton \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7562\u7adf\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a31\u53ef\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u9738\u6b0a\u7834\u88c2\u201d (Walter Benjamin, or, Towards a revolutionary criticism, <\/em>Verso 1981. p 148 )\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u767c\u660e\u55ce\uff1fTesta \u5229\u7528 Gramsc \u5c0d\u7d71\u6cbb\u73fe\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u63a2\u7a76 \uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u9019\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u540c\u610f\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u5e95\u5c64\u63a5\u53d7\u7cbe\u82f1\u6587\u5316\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 ( A Critical Model of European Carnival) \u4e2d\uff0cTesta \u6839\u64da\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\u5c0d\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d9c\u5408\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u8a72\u7bc0\u65e5\u5f9e 1140 \u5e74\u5230 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e26\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e86\u5176\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u5be9\u7f8e\u610f\u7fa9\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u72c2\u6b61\u8868\u6f14\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9762\u5177\u548c\u63a9\u98fe\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7570\u88dd\u548c\u7378\u5f62\u795e\u73fe\uff09\uff1b \u76db\u5bb4\u3001\u66b4\u98f2\u66b4\u98df\u548c\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u662f\u9075\u5b88\u56db\u65ec\u9f4b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u524d\u594f\uff08Testa \u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5ba3\u6d29\u884c\u70ba\u4e5f\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u6703 \u201c\u9644\u52a0\u50f9\u503c\u201d\uff09\uff08 p 37 \uff09\uff1b\u548c\u6a21\u64ec\u5be9\u5224\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u6a5f\u5236\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8209\u884c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u6216\u7e8c\u5bb6\u7e8c\u6236\u904a\u884c\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6a21\u64ec\u5be9\u5224\/\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u6728\u4e43\u4f0a\u505a\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8a31\u61c9\u8a72\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff08\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u98df\u7269\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u5e74\u8f15\u55ae\u8eab\u6f22\u7684\u5165\u6703\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u8f03\u65e9\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u5100\u5f0f\uff1f\uff09\uff0cTesta \u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u65e2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u6982\u8981\uff08\u5bcc\u542b\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u5716\u8868\u548c\u63d2\u5716 \uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u8c61\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002Testa \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u5728\u6574\u500b\u6642\u671f\u5167\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u6559\u689d\u548c\u79ae\u62dc\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u61c9\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7d66\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002Testa \u5f9e Claude Gaignebet \u95dc\u65bc \u201cEuropean religion of carnival\u201d \u7684\u9817\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u4f46\u9817\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5fae\u5999\u5730\u904e\u6e21\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 (The Elusive Origins of Carnival)\uff1a\u5c07\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5927\u773e\u5b97\u6559\u5f62\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff08 p 23 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testa \u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7684\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u6613\u88dd\u7656\u548c\u7378\u5f62\u9762\u5177\uff08\u5f9e\u53e4\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u5230\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4e00\u689d\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2 \u2014\u2014 \u548c\u908f\u8f2f \u2014\u2014 \u7dda\u7d22\u4f3c\u4e4e\u78ba\u5be6\u5c07\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u6176\u795d\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u9109\u6751\u6176\u795d\u6d3b\u52d5\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f85\u99ac\u6b77\u4ee3\u3001\u8fb2\u795e\u7bc0\u548c\u7267\u795e\u7bc0\uff08\u9451\u65bc\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u662f\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5049\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u8fb2\u6751\u5be6\u8e10\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff09\uff0cTesta \u8b39\u614e\u5730\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u6240\u8b02\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u6b50\u6d32\u6216\u6b50\u4e9e \u201c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5b97\u6559\u201d \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u6709\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u63a1\u7528 James Frazer \u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7bc0\u65e5\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u767c\u660e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u5100\u5f0f\u7a4d\u7d2f\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8ffd\u5c0b\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u986f\u5f97\u5f92\u52de\u6216\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u4f46 Testa \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u7a4d\u7d2f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff08 \u201c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u52d5\u614b\u4ee5\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e \u4e00\u9805\u5408\u6cd5\u4e14\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff08 p 64 \uff09\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss \u201c\u62fc\u6e4a bricolage\u201d \u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Michel De Certeau \u7684 \u201c\u518d\u5c31\u696d re-employment\u201d\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff08 p 65 \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u63a5\u8457\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6559\u6703\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u6839\u9664\u6240\u6709\u8207 “\u4e00\u6708\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u66c6 Rome Calends of January<\/a>” \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5316\u88dd\u821e\u6703\u3001\u555e\u5287\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5100\u5f0f\u7fd2\u4fd7\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u63a8\u9072\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u66ab\u505c\u5728\u820a\u66c6\u548c\u65b0\u66c6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6642\u671f\u3002\u65b0\u5e74\uff1a\u4e8c\u6708\u548c\u4e09\u6708\uff08\u7f85\u99ac\u66c6\u4e2d\u7684\u7267\u795e\u7bc0\u548c Mamurius\uff0c\u516c\u66c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u548c\u5fa9\u6d3b\u7bc0\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff09\u3002Testa \u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 James Frazer \uff0c\u4e26\u6574\u7406\u4e86 Frazer \u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u52d5\u7269\u5316\u88dd\u821e\u6703\u548c\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5f9e\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9e\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5317\u6b50\u7684\u53f2\u524d \u201c\u85a9\u6eff\u6559\u5e95\u5c64 shamanic substratum\u201d \u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff08 p 77 \uff09\u3002Testa \u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u746a Margaret Murray \u548c Claude Gaignebet \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u70ba\u6307\u5c0e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u718a\u548c\u89d2\u795e\u4f5c\u70ba\u53f2\u524d\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u7121\u4e0a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d0a\u6210\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6b78\u65b9\u6cd5 the regressive method<\/a>\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7530\u91ce\u8abf\u67e5\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u7378\u5f62\u5100\u5f0f\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u72c2\u559c\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6975\u5ea6\u75b2\u52de\u3001\u9189\u9152\u548c\u904e\u5ea6\u8208\u596e\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u559c\u7684\u604d\u60da\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7378\u5f62\u507d\u88dd\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63a5\u89f8\u820a\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7375\u4eba\u548c\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9e\u85a9\u6eff\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u53ca\u5176\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u7684 the brumes \u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u201d\uff08 p 89 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 (Ritual Inversions, Cultural Hegemony, and the Structure of the Conjuncture) \u91cd\u9ede\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u6700\u53d7\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5176\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u985b\u8986\u6027 subversive\u201d \u5100\u5f0f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002Testa \u9996\u5148\u7528\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7f85\u99ac\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u70ba\u5c0d\u65e5\u5e38\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u904e\u5ea6\u884c\u70ba\u88ab\u5f15\u5c0e\u70ba\u66f4\u6709\u689d\u7406\u7684\u8d8a\u8ecc\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5fa9\u8208\u904b\u52d5\u4f7f\u7f85\u99ac\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u6559\u7687\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc 1870 \u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u7bc0\u65e5\u671f\u9593\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u8b49\u660e\u7576\u4e0a\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u6700\u660e\u986f\u6642\uff0c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u624d\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u985b\u5012\u4e16\u754c world upside down\u201d \u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5e95\u5c64\u968e\u5c64\u5728\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e09\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u53cd\u8f49\u7279\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc \u3002Testa \u5c07\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba \u201c\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u201cfunctionalist\u201d \u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u201c[\u5b83]\u8a8d\u70ba\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u8a69\u5b78\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u548c\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u518d\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f \u2018\u7a69\u614b homeostatic\u2019\u201d\uff08 p 117 \uff09\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7531 Arnold Van Gennep\u3001James Frazer\u3001Francesco Faeta\u3001Peter Burke\u3001Peter Weidkuhn \u548c Rob Scribner \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u904f\u5236\u4e0d\u6eff containment of discontent\u201d(Rob Scribner) \u6216 \u201c\u5b89\u5168\u95a5 safety-valve\u201d \uff08Peter Burke\uff09\u7406\u8ad6 ( p 129 )\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5c07\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5f0f\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u9769\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\uff1a\u201c\u7576\u7136\u662f\u8b8a\u9769\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u985b\u8986\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u518d\u751f\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 121 \uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6df1\u53d7\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f Bakhtin \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5f0f\u7684\u53cd\u8f49\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u5c0d\u6297\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u5118\u7ba1\u5f88\u5c11\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53db\u4e82\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u53d7\u5230\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5c07\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u8207\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\uff09\u7684\u53db\u4e82\u548c\u53db\u4e82\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u8655\u65bc\u4e2d\u9593\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u8868\u6f14\u662f\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u89c0\u773e\u50b3\u9054\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u986f\u5f97\u7121\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u62d2\u7d55\u69cb\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u7bc4\u5f0f\u6216\u9a57\u8b49\u72c2\u6b61\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u6bcf\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u6848\u4f8b\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u7570\u5e38\u6b63\u5e38 exceptional normal\u201d ( p 128 )\u3002\u81ea Peter Stallybrass \u548c Allon White \u5728 “The Politics and Poetics of Transgresse\uff0c1986” \u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5728\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u5ee3\u95ca\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u5118\u7ba1 Testa \u6700\u521d\u627f\u8a8d\u5b83\u5011\u540c\u6a23\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8faf\u7a31\uff0c\u201c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\uff08\u7d50\u69cb-\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8ad6\u66f4\u5805\u6301\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5f9e\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u4e2d\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u60f3\u50cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u201d\uff08 p 118 \uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6b50\u6d32\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b8a\u70ba\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u78ba\u5be6\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u548c\u5e73\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u8b49\u64da\u8b49\u660e \u201c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u627f\u8f09\u8005\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u8fb2\u6c11\u3001\u5de5\u5320\u3001\u5c0f\u5546\u8ca9\uff0c \u9084\u6709\u4e5e\u4e10\u548c\u4ea1\u547d\u5f92 \u2014\u2014 \u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7bc0\u65e5\u7fd2\u4fd7\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u73fe\u72c0\uff08 p 134 \uff09\uff1f\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f86\u81ea \u201c\u5e95\u5c64\u201d \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5f0f\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u81ea\u7531\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4e26\u62d2\u7d55\u504f\u611b\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f \u3002\u9032\u884c\u88c1\u6c7a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u8a31\u503c\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7d30\u7dfb\u5165\u5fae \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u9019\u500b\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0cTesta \u5c0d\u5b89\u5168\u95a5\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u9084\u662f\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u50f9\u503c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5728\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u9738\u6b0a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u7528 Gramsci \u7684\u6587\u5316\u9738\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6Lombardi Satriani \u5c0d\u5357\u65b9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u807d\u5929\u7531\u547d\u548c\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6\u50be\u5411\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cTesta \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u63a7\u5236\u662f \u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u8996\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u6216\u53cd\u5c0d\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u201d \u4f86\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\uff08 p 138 \uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\uff0c\u6216\u53cd\u5c0d\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u904e\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u201d\uff08 p 138 \uff09\u3002\u5c0d Testa \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u548c\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u543b\u5408\uff1a\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u9003\u907f\u6b77\u53f2 escape from history\u201d \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u984c\u64fa\u812b\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u8271\u8f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u66ab\u6642\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08 p 147 \uff09\u3002\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5f77\u5f7f as if\u201d \u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u904e Cockaigne \u4e4b\u5730\u6216\u611a\u4eba\u8239\u6f02\u6d6e\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u5145\u7576\u4e86\u5927\u773e\u7684\u9d09\u7247\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u5178\u578b\u7684\u9ebb\u9189\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7576\u5e95\u5c64\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u689d\u4ef6\u958b\u59cb\u6539\u5584\uff08\u901a\u904e\u968e\u7d1a\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u8b58\u5b57\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u7b49\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u96a8\u4e4b\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7528\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6 Marshall Sahlins \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cTesta \u5c07\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u671f\u9593\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8996\u70ba\u50c5\u50c5\u662f \u201c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5 happenings\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \u201c\u5167\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6 endogenous event\u201d ( pp 163\uff0c164\uff09 \u3002\u5c0d Testa \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u8b93\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u201c\u5f62\u52e2\u7684\u7d50\u69cb the structure of the conjuncture\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u7d71\u8a08\u4e0a\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u986f\u8457\u3002\u6839\u64da Testa \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0 \u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u7bc0\u65e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u7834\u88c2\u548c\u4f8b\u5916\uff08\u6709\u6642\u78ba\u8a8d\u898f\u5247\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u4f86\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6062\u5fa9\u201d\uff08 pp 102\u3001171 \uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5c07 Mikhail Bakhtin\u3001 Peter Stallybrass \u548c Allon White \u7684\u898b\u89e3\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u6975\u5176\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46 Testa \u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86 Max Gluckmann \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u201c\u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u4f4e\u8005\u8b8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f7f\u9ad8\u8005\u8b8a\u4f4e\u201d\uff0c\u5100\u5f0f \u201c\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u7b49\u7d1a\u539f\u5247\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u6b50\u6d32\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u548c\u7279\u9ede\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u5176\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6a6b\u5411\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u65b0\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u6700\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5c0b\u6c42\u5c0d\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u548c\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f\u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u9032\u884c\u53f2\u5b78\u7d9c\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u95b1\u8b80\u3002 \u7576\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u5c07\u4f86\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91dd\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u7406\u5340\u57df\u548c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7db1\u8981\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u7403\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u3001\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u7de8\u5beb\u5f9e\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u5168\u7403\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u7bc0\u65e5\u73fe\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u548c\u6a19\u8a8c\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5206\u5c64\u800c\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u672c “Rituality and Social (Dis)Order : The Historical Anthropology of Popular Carnival in Europe” \u662f\u8d85\u904e 12 \u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u7528\u82f1\u8a9e\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u6d41\u884c\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u5176\u8c61\u5fb5\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c64\u9762\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9769\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cea\u7591\u95dc\u65bc\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u8ddd\u548c\u5dee\u7570\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u548c\u518d\u73fe\u7684\u73fe\u6709\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u7bc0\u65e5\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u8870\u843d\u3002 \u6b50\u6d32\u72c2\u6b61\u7bc0\u88ab\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7c73 Mikhail Bakhtin \u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba \u201c\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u3001\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u512a\u79c0\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\u537b\u5f88\u5c11 (Problems of Dostoevsky\u2019s Poetics, innesota Press, 1984, p 122)\u3002Bakhtin \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ba1\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u57fa\u790e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b77\u53f2\u8b49\u64da\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Peter Burke \u7684 “Popular Culture in Early Modern … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2le","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9004"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9006,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9004\/revisions\/9006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}