\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0cNew Mexico \u5dde Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9644\u5c6c\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4e00 Tewa \u4eba\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee4\u897f\u5357\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u8457\u8ff7\u3002\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cColorado \u5dde\u897f\u5357\u90e8Mesa Verde \u5730\u5340\uff08\u7d04\u516c\u5143 1300 \u5e74\uff09\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\u5f8c\uff0cRio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u5340\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6700\u521d\u8b49\u64da\u662f\uff0cMesa Verde \u5730\u5340\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u660e\u986f\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u81f4\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0cRio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5247\u76f8\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u516c\u5143 1300 \u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7368\u7279\u7684 Mesa Verde \u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u591a\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0 \uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\u5f8c Mesa Verde \u4eba\u6c11\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u4f46\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u904e\u53bb\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u3002 \u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728 “Winds from the North: Tewa Origins and Historical Anthropology<\/a><\/em>” \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cScott G. Ortman \u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5229\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u53f2\u524d\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u7406\u6e05 \u201cTewa\u00a0\u8d77\u6e90\u4e4b\u8b0e\u201d\uff08 p 1 \uff09\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u555f\u52d5\u9019\u4e00\u904e\u7a0b\uff0cOrtman \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u95dc Tewa \u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a1\uff09\u539f\u5730\u767c\u5c55\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c2\uff09\u79fb\u6c11\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c3\uff09\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u5047\u8aaa\u3002\u539f\u5730\u5047\u8aaa\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u516c\u5143 1300 \u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728 Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5728\u589e\u9577\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u5047\u8aaa\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa3 Mesa Verde \u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5230 Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u4e26\u6162\u6162\u878d\u5165\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u9077\u79fb\u5047\u8aaa\u8a2d\u60f3\u5f9e Mesa Verde \u5230\u5317 Rio Grande \u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u9077\u79fb\u3002Ortman \u8457\u624b\u8a55\u4f30\u54ea\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\u6700\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u66f8\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u53f2\u524d\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Winds from the North” <\/em>\u7531 14 \u7ae0\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e00\u689d\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f97\u51fa Ortman \u7684\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 ( The Puzzle of Tewa Origins ) \u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u95dc Tewa\u00a0\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u73fe\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u904e\u53bb\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e3b\u984c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7814\u7a76 Tewa\u00a0\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5bf6\u8cb4\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5f59\u7de8\u3002 \u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 (Inheritance and Ethnic Groups) \u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u672c\u66f8\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u3002 Ortman \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7528\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9032\u5316\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u4ed6\u501f\u9452 William H. Durham\uff08Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity<\/a>\uff0cStanford 1991\uff09\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5047\u8a2d\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u985e\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u7522\u751f\u7d93\u904e\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8840\u7d71\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u3002Ortman \u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u689d\u8b49\u64da \u2014\u2014 \u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316 \u2014\u2014 \u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6839\u64da\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u512a\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71\u6346\u7d81\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0 Tewa \u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u671f\u671b\uff08 P 35 \u8868 2.3 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 ( Population and Movement ) \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u8a55\u4f30\u6bcf\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u8b80\u8005\u7f6e\u65bc\u6709\u95dc\u5c0d Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u904e\u53bb\u4eba\u53e3\u9032\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 ( Population History of the Tewa Basin ) \u8a55\u4f30\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u512a\u9ede\u548c\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5229\u7528\u5340\u57df\u5206\u5c64\u62bd\u6a23\u6280\u8853\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0cOrtman \u5229\u7528\u5730\u5f62\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u8a18\u9304\u5c07 Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u4e94\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5340\u57df\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8da8\u52e2\u8207 Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u8da8\u52e2\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728 Pajarito \u548c Cochiti \u5730\u5340\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u4f86\u81ea Mesa Verde \u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0cOrtman \u5728 Pajarito \u548c Cochiti \u5730\u5340\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6b77\u53f2\u6a21\u578b\u8207\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u5047\u8aaa\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u958b\u59cb\u589e\u52a0 \uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u7121\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728 Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 ( Biological Variation and Tewa Ancestry ) \u8a55\u4f30\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u9871\u9aa8\u6e2c\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u6a21\u64ec\u56db\u500b\u89d2\u843d\u5730\u5340\u4eba\u5011\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cOrtman \u8a66\u5716\u4e86\u89e3\u56db\u500b\u89d2\u843d\u4eba\u7fa3\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002Mesa Verde \u548c\u516c\u5143\u5f8c\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u8ddd\u96e2\u5f88\u8fd1\u30021275 \u5e74 Pajarito \u548c Chama \u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0cOrtman \u63a2\u7d22\u4e86 Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u7a2e\u7fa3\u5167\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6d41\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0cPajarito \u3001 Chama \u548c Tano \u7a2e\u7fa3\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6d41\u52d5\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u800c Cochiti \u548c Santa Fe \u7a2e\u7fa3\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6d41\u52d5\u8f03\u591a\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cPajarito \u548c Chama \u5730\u5340 1275 \u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8207 Mesa Verde \u5730\u5340\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u5f9e Rio Grande \u5317\u90e8\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53e3\u90a3\u88e1\u7372\u5f97\u907a\u50b3\u8f38\u5165\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u6f02\u8b8a\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cOrtman \u6709\u8208\u8da3\u4e86\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u73fe\u6709\u7a2e\u7fa3\u5c0d Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u907a\u68c4\u5f8c\u7a2e\u7fa3\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u907a\u50b3\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u901a\u904e\u6df7\u5408\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u907a\u68c4\u5f8c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d50\u69cb\u7b26\u5408\u57fa\u65bc\u6a21\u64ec\u4eba\u53e3\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u9810\u671f\u907a\u50b3\u8ca2\u737b \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4eba\u985e\u662f\u7fa3\u5c45\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u56e0\u7fa3\u5c45\u800c\u805a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u65cf\u7fa3\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u800c\u751f\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u3002\u570b\u5bb6\u5247\u5728\u5176\u5f8c\u800c\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u5f37\u52a0\u65bc\u65cf\u7fa3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u5f80\u5f80\u5206\u5272\u4e86\u65cf\u7fa3\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u800c\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u5f37\u884c\u7d71\u4e00\u6d88\u6ec5\u65cf\u7fa3\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u70ba\u5730\u5f37\u884c\u7d71\u4e00\u65cf\u7fa3\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u552f\u6709\u6975\u6b0a\u7684\u4fd7\u6c23\u6703\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b8f\u5927\u3001\u72c0\u9e97\u3001\u96c6\u9ad4\u5316\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u4f86\u5f37\u884c\u7d71\u4e00\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 ( The Tewa Language in Kiowa-Tanoan Context ) \u5230\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 ( Place-Names, Place-Lore, and Oral Tradition ) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u6709\u95dc Kiowa-Tanoan \u8a9e\u7cfb\uff08 Tewa \u8a9e\u5c6c\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00 \uff09\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u554f\u984c \uff1a \u201cTewa \u8a9e\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6709\u591a\u9577\u6642\u9593\u4e86\uff1f\u64da\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5728 Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u4e45\uff1f\u4eba\u5011\u671f\u671b\u5728\u8b1b Tewa \u8a9e\u7684\u7956\u5148\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u770b\u5230 Tewa \u8a9e\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4f55\u6642\u4f55\u5730\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u201d\uff08 p 125 \uff09\uff1f \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u6578\u64da\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u907a\u50b3\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u6578\u64da\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u53f2\u524d\u8a9e\u97f3\u793e\u5340\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Tewa \u8a9e\u5728 New Mexico \u5dde\u5317\u90e8\u7684 Pueblos \u8a9e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5c6c\u65bc\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba Kiowa-Tanoan \u8a9e\u7684\u8a9e\u7cfb\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6a19\u7c64\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\uff1bKiowa-Tanoan \u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u6b67\uff1bKiowa \u8a9e\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u975e\u5e38\u50cf Tanoan \u8a9e\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u6307\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5fb5\u7d44\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u5728 Tanoan \u8a9e\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u524d\u8207 Tanoan \u8a9e\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u7279\u5225\u9577\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u6642\u671f \u3002\u800c\u56db\u500b\u7d93\u904e\u5145\u5206\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u4e9e\u7fa3\u662f Tewa\u3001Tiwan\u3001Towa(Jemez) \u548c Kiowa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortman \u5c0d\u539f\u59cb\u8a9e\u8a00\u8072\u97f3\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u8868\u660e Kiowa \u8a9e\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u7cfb\u7d71\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8a9e\u8a00\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08 PP 136-47 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f14\u97f3\u8b8a\u5316\u5728\u5404\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff08 pp 144-47 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u660e\u8a72\u5bb6\u65cf\u904e\u53bb\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u8a00\u93c8\u3002\u9019\u56db\u500b\u7d44\u6309\u91cd\u758a\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f Kiowa-Jemez-Tewa-Tiwan\u3002\u907a\u50b3\u6578\u64da\uff08 \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 Biological Variation and Tewa Ancestry \uff09\u986f\u793a\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u8b1b Towa \u8a9e\uff08Jemez\uff09\u548c Tewa \u8a9e\u7684\u4eba\u7fa3\u4f86\u81eaMesa Verde \u5730\u5340\u3002Ortman \u5c07 Tewa-Tiwan \u6392\u5217\u8996\u70ba\u9060\u7a0b\u7d1a\u5225\u7684\u4e9e\u79d1\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8003\u616e\u3002\u65b9\u8a00\u93c8\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u7b26\u5408 Ortman \u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5bb6\u5712\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5bb6\u5712\u5f9e\u56db\u89d2\u5730\u5340\uff08 Utah \u5dde\u3001Arizona \u5dde\u3001Colorada \u5dde\u548c New Mexico \u5dde\u4ea4\u754c\u8655\uff09\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230 New Mexico \u5317\u90e8\u548cColorada\u5357\u90e8\uff08\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 Homelands and Dating of Kiowa-Tanoan Subgroups\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u907a\u50b3\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u6b77\u53f2\u6578\u64da\u3002Kiowa \u4f4d\u65bc\u6700\u897f\u908a\uff0cTiwan \u4f4d\u65bc\u6700\u6771\u908a\u3002\u6240\u8003\u616e\u7684\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u540d\u7a31\uff08 p 159 \uff09\u3002Ortman \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7269\u7a2e\uff08 ‘\u5c71\u6942 sprure’\u3001’\u91ce\u99ac\u9234\u85af wild potato’ \u548c ‘\u6a61\u6a39 oak’ \uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5730\u7406\u91cd\u758a\uff08 p 160 \uff09\u8868\u660e\u65b9\u8a00\u93c8\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65bc\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\uff08 ‘\u91ce\u99ac\u9234\u85af wild potato’ \u548c ‘\u6a61\u6a39 oak’ \uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\uff08 ‘\u91ce\u6d0b\u8525 wild onion’\u3001’\u675c\u677e juniper’\u3001’\u72fc wolf’ \u548c ‘\u9e8b\u9e7f elk’ \uff09\u5f62\u72c0\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u4f48\u7bc4\u570d\u4e26\u975e\u6cdb Uto-Aztecan \u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u9130\u8fd1\u7684 Uto-Aztecan \u8a9e \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9019\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u8b49\u660e Kiowa-Tanoan \u8a9e\u8207\u5317\u65b9 Uto-Aztecab \u8a9e\u8a00\uff08 \u4f8b\u5982 Numic \u8a9e\u548c Hopi\u8a9e\uff09\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6709\u904e\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4e26\u8868\u660e\u50b3\u5165\u7684\u5317\u65b9 Uto-Aztecab \u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u5f9e Kiowa-Tanoan \u8a9e\u501f\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u9084\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86 Ortman \u5c0d Kiowa-Tanoan \u5bb6\u5712\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cOrtman \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u57fa\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u540d\u7a31\u3001\u690d\u7269\u540d\u7a31\u3001\u7269\u9ad4\u540d\u7a31\u3001\u5730\u540d\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u50b3\u8aaa\u548c\u53e3\u982d\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u8868\u660e Tewa \u8a9e\u5728\u516c\u5143 920 \u5e74\u81f3 980 \u5e74\u9593\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728 Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u3002Ortman \u8d0a\u6210\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07 Mesa Verde \u8996\u70ba Tewa \u6c11\u65cf\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u9ede\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8207\u5317 Rio Grande \u6216 Mesa Verde \u7684\u5730\u9ede\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ed6\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u5317 Rio Grande \u5730\u5340\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u660e Tewa \u8a9e\u4e26\u975e\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u90a3\u88e1\u3002\u4ed6\u5047\u8a2d\u76f4\u5230\u516c\u5143 1240 \u5e74\u81f3 1280 \u5e74\uff0cTewa \u8a9e\u5728\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u624d\u4f4d\u65bc Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u9032\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0cOrtman \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 \u201c\u6a19\u6e96\u65b9\u6cd5 standard approaches\u201d\uff08 p 204 \uff09\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u96b1\u55bb\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3002Ortman \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8b58\u5225\u904e\u53bb\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u96b1\u55bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u95e1\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u548c\u5730\u9ede\u69cb\u5efa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u3002Ortman \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9451\u65bc Mesa Verde \u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff08 \u5373\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u9676\u5668\u8a2d\u8a08 \uff09\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u69cb\u6210 Tewa \u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u96b1\u55bb\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u96b1\u55bb\u7684\u6b98\u9918\u7269\u7a31\u70ba\u6b7b\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u4e26\u76f8\u61c9\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Tewa \u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 ( Immigration, Population Movement, and Material Culture ) \u5230\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0 ( The Archaeology of Tewa Origins ) \u76f4\u63a5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u7576\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u91cd\u65b0\u69cb\u5efa\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u6355\u6349\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u865f\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0( The End of Mesa Verde Society ) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Mesa Verde \u5730\u5340\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u8207\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u516c\u5143 1300 \u5e74\u96e2\u958b\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u76f8\u95dc\u7684 \u201c\u63a8\u52d5\u56e0\u7d20 push factors\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0 ( The Archaeology of Tewa Origins ) \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u770b\u5f85\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6e90\u81ea\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u5230\u4e86 Tewa\u76c6\u5730\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5857\u62b9\u7684\u51f9\u75d5\u6ce2\u7d0b\u5be6\u7528\u5668\u5177\u3002Ortman \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u516c\u5143 1050 \u5e74\u81f3 1200 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0cMesa Verde \u548c Tewa \u76c6\u5730\u7684\u6ce2\u7d0b\u9676\u5668\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728 1200 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0cTewa \u76c6\u5730\u4e5f\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6ce2\u7d0b\u9676\u5668\u5de5\u85dd\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1b\u6ce2\u7d0b\u9676\u5668\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u88ab\u62b9\u6389\u4e86 \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u9676\u5668\u88fd\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a1\u53d6\u984d\u5916\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u537b\u62b9\u53bb\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u984d\u5916\u6b65\u9a5f\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0 ( Population Movement, Social Movements, and Ethnogenesis ) \u5feb\u901f\u7e3d\u7d50\u524d\u5e7e\u7ae0\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6839\u64da\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 ( Inheritance and Ethnic Groups ) \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u9810\u671f\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\u3002Ortman \u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6700\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u539f\u5730\u958b\u767c\u5047\u8aaa\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u672c\u66f8\uff09\u4e2d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u975e\u7121\u53ef\u8faf\u99c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u53e3\u96e2\u958bMesa Verde \u7684\u9077\u79fb\u662f Tewa \u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u767c\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cMesa Verde \u793e\u6703\u7684\u5d29\u6f70\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b97\u6559\u79fb\u6c11\u9032\u5165 Rio Grande \u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u9003\u907f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u9738\u6b0a\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6a5f\u69cb \u3002Ortman \u5c07\u6b64\u7a31\u70ba \u201cTewa \u6c11\u65cf\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u9769\u547d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff08 p 361 \uff09\u3002Ortman \u9084\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 Pueblo \u8d77\u7fa9<\/a>\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u8ff0\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201cPueblo \u8d77\u7fa9\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u901a\u904e\u63a8\u7ffb\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3001\u7834\u58de\u8207\u8a72\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3001\u653e\u68c4\u4fe1\u5949\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6751\u838a\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u9078\u64c7\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff08 p 363 \uff09\u3002\u901a\u904e\u985e\u6bd4\uff0cOrtman \u7528\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u516c\u5143 1300 \u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c Tewa \u76c6\u5730 Mesa Verde \u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u4ed6\u6697\u793a Mesa Verde \u4eba\u6703\u56de\u6b78\u88fd\u9020\u6750\u6599\u7684 \u201c\u820a\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u5857\u62b9\u6ce2\u7d0b\u9676\u5668\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortman \u7684\u66f8\u6d89\u7375\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u56db\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7e3d\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u554f\u984c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u660e\u78ba\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u554f\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u7528\u8b49\u64da\u6b0a\u91cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u7814\u7a76\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002\u6578\u64da\u8cea\u91cf\u5f88\u5c11\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff08\u5373\u9871\u9aa8\u6e2c\u91cf\u6578\u64da\uff09\u88ab\u5e73\u6ed1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u9069\u5408\u66f4\u201c\u7a69\u5065\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u578b \u3002\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8861\u91cf\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f\u201d\u5f9e\u672a\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u554f\u984c\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8f49\u5411\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8207\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9010\u6f38\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u62cb\u958b\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u4e0d\u8ac7\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f Ortman \u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u9032\u4e86\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u5b83\u70ba\u5317 Rio Grande \u5730\u5340\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u5148\u4f8b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cOrtman \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52d5\u5728\u9762\u81e8\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u7684\u6548\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0cNew Mexico \u5dde Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9644\u5c6c\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4e00 Tewa \u4eba\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee4\u897f\u5357\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u8457\u8ff7\u3002\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cColorado \u5dde\u897f\u5357\u90e8Mesa Verde \u5730\u5340\uff08\u7d04\u516c\u5143 1300 \u5e74\uff09\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\u5f8c\uff0cRio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u5340\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6700\u521d\u8b49\u64da\u662f\uff0cMesa Verde \u5730\u5340\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u660e\u986f\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u81f4\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0cRio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5247\u76f8\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u516c\u5143 1300 \u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c Rio Grande \u6cb3\u5317\u90e8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7368\u7279\u7684 Mesa Verde \u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u591a\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0 \uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\u5f8c Mesa Verde \u4eba\u6c11\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u4f46\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u904e\u53bb\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u3002 \u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5728 “Winds from the North: Tewa Origins and … Continue reading