{"id":9047,"date":"2023-08-18T15:59:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T15:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9047"},"modified":"2023-08-18T15:59:19","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T15:59:19","slug":"what-makes-civilization-the-ancient-near-east-and-the-future-of-the-west","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/08\/18\/what-makes-civilization-the-ancient-near-east-and-the-future-of-the-west\/","title":{"rendered":"What Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u8457\u540d\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6 David Wengrow \u5728\u5c0d\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7684 \u201c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u201d \u9032\u884c\u4e86\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u5169\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u532f\u96c6\u5728\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u773e\u795e\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u738b\u570b\u548c\u7d00\u5ff5\u6027\u5bfa\u5edf\u3002\u4f46 Wengrow \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u9ede\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u505a\u98ef\u3001\u6301\u5bb6\u548c\u6e05\u6f54\u8eab\u9ad4\u3002Wengrow \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u5f9e\u53f2\u524d\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u6642\u4ee3\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9059\u9060\u5730\u5340\u4e4b\u9593\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u548c\u501f\u9452\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u548c\u6839\u64da\u7406\u60f3\u5f62\u8c61\u91cd\u5851\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u5617\u8a66\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

David Wengrow \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u9019\u672c\u8584\u8584 \u201cWhat Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u9662\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6bd4\u8f03\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7684 David Wengrow \u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u8f49\u8b8a\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u660e\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u719f\u6089\u4e16\u754c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u70ba\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff1b\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9928\u4ea6\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u7368\u7279\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Wengrow \u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u63d0\u51fa\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e92\u52d5\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u7522\u7269\u201d ( p 13 )\u3002\u201c\u57c3\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u201d \u201c\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u7684 ‘\u5927\u934b’ \u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u71df\u990a\u7684\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff08 p xviii\uff09\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u571f\u5eab\u66fc\u65af\u5766\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u9ad8\u539f\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7b49\u5468\u908a\u5730\u5340\u4e5f\u8207\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u3001\u5e95\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u6cb3\u3001\u5e7c\u767c\u62c9\u5e95\u6cb3\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6cb3\u7b49\u6cb3\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u76f8\u9023\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

David Wengrow \u7684 \u201cWhat Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West<\/em>\u201d \u65bc 2010 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u5df2\u4ee5\u4f86\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u88dd\u672c\u3002\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0cWengrow \u5f37\u8abf\u4ed6\u5c0d \u201c\u6587\u660e Civilization<\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d \u201c\u6587\u660e\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6b0a\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3001\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u7a05\u6536\u3001\u5e38\u5099\u8ecd\u548c\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3002\u5b9a\u7fa9 \u201c\u6587\u660e\u201d \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6307 \u201c\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u80fd\u529b \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u500b\u64f4\u5c55\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u4e92\u52d5\u9818\u57df \u2014\u2014 \u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6216\u9818\u571f\u6b78\u5c6c\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u201d\uff08 p 15 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f15\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u8fd1\u6771\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7c21\u77ed\u6b77\u53f2\u3002Wengrow \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u9019\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8fd1\u6771\u5728\u6587\u660e\u8207\u975e\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u9593\u4fdd\u7559\u8457\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6096\u8ad6\uff08 p 5 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u8fd1\u6771\u5730\u5340\u662f \u201c\u9ad8\u96c5\u6587\u5316\u201d \u7684\u627f\u8f09\u8005\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u767d\u4eba\u7a2e\u65cf\u3002 \u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u8fd1\u6771\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9032\u5316\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u8207\u7576\u6642\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u5217\u5f37\u7684\u4fb5\u5360\u662f\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u65bc\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u773e\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Wengrow \u5728\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5716\u50cf\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u738b\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u843d\u5728\u795e\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff08 p 8 \uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u53e4\u4ee3\u57c3\u53ca\u6230\u5834\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u6230\u5834\u4e0a\u570b\u738b\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u795e\u548c\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u8005\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u90fd\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\u3002Wengrow \u4e5f\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u6279\u8a55\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u201d \u548c \u201c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u4eba\u201d \u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u53cd\u601d\uff08 p 13 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u201cThe Cauldron of Civilization\u201d \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u4f4d\u65bc\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5927\u934b\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u547d\u540d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u70f9\u98ea\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u5805\u6301\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u201cCamouflaged Borrowings\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cWengrow \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u66f8\u9762\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u57ce\u90a6\u5728\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5343\u5e74\uff08\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5343\u5e74\uff09\u671f\u9593\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u4e92\u4e86\u89e3\uff08 p 22 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u57c3\u53ca\u548c Levant \u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8207 Byblos\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u5c07\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u201cOn the Trail of Blue-Haired Gods\u201d \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5c0d\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\u7684\u5171\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u8fd1\u6771\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Wengrow \u60f3\u8981\u554f\u7684\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u9ad4\u9a57\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684 \u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u201cNeolithic Worlds\u201d \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fb2\u696d\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3001\u5b9a\u5c45\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u70f9\u98ea\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 Wengrow \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u8207\u9130\u8fd1\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u623f\u5c4b\u662f\u8207\u6b7b\u8005\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u9130\u8fd1\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\uff08 p 51 \uff09\u3002 \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u201cThe (First) Global Village\u201d \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u51b6\u91d1\u8853\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f71\u97ff\u51b6\u91d1\u8853\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u201cOrigin of Cities\u201d \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7d14\u6f54\u548c\u50b3\u67d3\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u5b9a\u5c45\u9ede\u79fb\u9664\u6baf\u846c\u9818\u57df\uff08 p 75 \uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cWengrow \u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u98a8\u96aa\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9 venture capitalism\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\uff08 p 80 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6709\u95dc\u53e4\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5373\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5be6\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5b58\u5728\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u9a5a\u8a1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u201cFrom the Ganges to the Danube: The Bronze Age\u201d \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u9752\u9285\u5728\u9023\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9059\u9060\u7684\u793e\u6703\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u201cCosmology and Commerce\u201d \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5728\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u5546\u696d\u7db2\u7d61\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u795e\u8056\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u201cThe Labours of Kingship\u201d \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u8fd1\u6771\u738b\u6b0a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u7570\u540c\u3002Wengrow \u95dc\u65bc\u57c3\u53ca \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u4fd8\u865c\u5f9eNubia \u548c Libya \u903c\u8fd1\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u57c3\u53ca\u8af8\u795e\u675f\u7e1b\u548c\u9818\u5c0e\u201d \uff08 p 146 \uff09\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u8af8\u795e\u5728\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u9818\u5c0e\u5916\u570b\u4fd8\u865c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u7fa9\u54ea\u4e9b\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u6216\u5716\u50cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u5728\u4f55\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u8ab0\u4f86\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u898f\u5247\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u795e\u8056\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u901a\u904e\u570b\u738b\u4f86\u8abf\u7bc0\u7684\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8b49\u660e\u8868\u660e\u773e\u795e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u5c0d\u6297\u4ed6\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8af8\u795e\u96d6\u7136\u652f\u6301\u570b\u738b\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 \u201cForgetting the Old Regime\u201d \u56de\u5230\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5 \u201cEnlightenment from a Dark Source\u201d \u4e00\u7ae0\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u73fe\u4ee3\u5c0d\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 \u201cRuined Regimes: Egypt at the Revolution\u201d \u4e2d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u7e3d \u9ad4\u5370\u50cf\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u8ad6\u9ede\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u201cConclusion: What Makes Civilization?\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cWengrow \u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u8fd1\u6771\u5730\u5340\u5c0d\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u9577\u4e45\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u6574\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff08\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u6d41\u52d5\u548c\u9023\u901a\u6027\u3002\u7d50\u8ad6\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u9801\u534a\u3002\u9019\u611f\u89ba\u76f8\u7576\u7c21\u77ed\uff0c\u5b83\u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u6587\u660e\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u6e05\u55ae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u662f\u8207\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6587\u737b\u6c92\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u751a\u9ebc\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u6587\u660e\uff1f \u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u91dd\u5c0d\u666e\u901a\u8b80\u8005\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u5177\u6709\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u5091\u51fa\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u64b0\u5beb\u5165\u9580\u8b80\u7269\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u8fd1\u6771\u5b78\u8005\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6eab\u683c\u7f85\u7121\u6cd5\u5192\u96aa\u900f\u9732\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002 \u4ed6\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u7a2e\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u8457\u540d\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6 David Wengrow \u5728\u5c0d\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u7684 \u201c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u201d \u9032\u884c\u4e86\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u5169\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u532f\u96c6\u5728\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u773e\u795e\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u738b\u570b\u548c\u7d00\u5ff5\u6027\u5bfa\u5edf\u3002\u4f46 Wengrow \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u9ede\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u505a\u98ef\u3001\u6301\u5bb6\u548c\u6e05\u6f54\u8eab\u9ad4\u3002Wengrow \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u5f9e\u53f2\u524d\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u6642\u4ee3\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9059\u9060\u5730\u5340\u4e4b\u9593\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9060\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u6587\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u548c\u501f\u9452\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u548c\u6839\u64da\u7406\u60f3\u5f62\u8c61\u91cd\u5851\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u5617\u8a66\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u3002 David Wengrow \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u9019\u672c\u8584\u8584 \u201cWhat Makes Civilization?: The Ancient Near East and the Future of the West\u201d \u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u9662\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6bd4\u8f03\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7684 David Wengrow \u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u8f49\u8b8a\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u660e\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u719f\u6089\u4e16\u754c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u70ba\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff1b\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9928\u4ea6\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u7368\u7279\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Wengrow \u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u63d0\u51fa\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u6771\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e92\u52d5\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u7522\u7269\u201d ( p 13 )\u3002\u201c\u57c3\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u9054\u7c73\u4e9e\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u201d \u201c\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u7684 ‘\u5927\u934b’ \u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u71df\u990a\u7684\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff08 p … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2lV","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9047"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9048,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9047\/revisions\/9048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}