{"id":9072,"date":"2023-09-06T07:34:20","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T07:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9072"},"modified":"2023-09-06T07:34:25","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T07:34:25","slug":"the-complexity-of-evil-perpetration-and-genocide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/06\/the-complexity-of-evil-perpetration-and-genocide\/","title":{"rendered":"The Complexity of Evil : Perpetration and Genocide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8981\u9032\u884c\/\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\uff1fTimothy Williams \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Complexity-Evil-Perpetration-Genocide-Political-ebook\/dp\/B08C1TRDBM\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=38LQ4CSBKDUSD&amp;keywords=The+Complexity+of+Evil+%3A+Perpetration+and+Genocide&amp;qid=1693985363&amp;sprefix=the+complexity+of+evil+perpetration+and+genocide%2Caps%2C489&amp;sr=8-1\">The Complexity of Evil : Perpetration and Genocide<\/a> <\/em>\u4e2d\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u4f55\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u6642\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6b64\u985e\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5b83\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u548c\u5be6\u8b49\u898b\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u6a21\u578b 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u610f\u5fb9\u5e95\u6d88\u6ec5\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u90a3\u6642\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u518d\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 20 \u4e16\u7d00 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\uff0c\u6216 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u548c\u89e3\u9ad4\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5f9e\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8f49\u5411\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e38\u5e38\u5411\u89c0\u773e\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u72c2\u71b1\u5730\u6548\u4eff\u6975\u7aef\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u8ff0\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5c07\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u4eba \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u6211\u5011 \u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u201d \u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6bd4\u4eba\u5011\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u8981\u8907\u96dc\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u3002\u885d\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u517c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5bb6 Timothy Williams \u901a\u904e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f62\u6210\u6697\u6307 Hannah Arendt \u7684\u5e73\u5eb8\u4e4b\u60e1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u63a2\u5c0b\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u6a21\u64ec\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7a2e\u90aa\u60e1\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u662f\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff1b\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u5fa9\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u6a23\u4e14\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7fa3\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u614b\u662f\u6838\u5fc3 \uff1a\u4e0a\u7d1a\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u52a0\u58d3\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u611f\u5230\u58d3\u529b\u6216\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52d5\u6a5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6216\u60c5\u611f\u8207\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7fa3\u9ad4\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u6a5f\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u8077\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u70ba\u5e4c\u5b50\u89e3\u6c7a\u500b\u4eba\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u614b\u4f7f\u533f\u540d\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8207\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u63a8\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4fc3\u9032\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u7a2e\u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u8f15\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u5c0d\u5176\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u533f\u540d\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u6b78\u56e0\u6216\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u6216\u8eab\u9ad4\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u4f7f\u8b58\u5225\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5316\u6216\u88ab\u5b9a\u6027\u70ba\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u548c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6846\u67b6\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u4fc3\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u4fc3\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u9593\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3001\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u73fe\u6709\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u8a2a\u8ac7\u5206\u6790\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d50\u5408\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8207\u4f86\u81ea\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7684\u524d\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u5e79\u90e8\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u5c0d\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u548c\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u65b0\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6a21\u64ec\u4eba\u5011\u4f55\u6642\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\uff08 \u4ee5\u53ca\u4f55\u6642\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u9810\u9632\u548c\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u9032\u884c\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5be9\u67e5\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u529b \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u69cb\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 <em>The Complexity of Evil : Perpetration and Genocide <\/em>\u4e2d\uff0cTimothy Williams \u5f9e\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u885d\u7a81\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u69cb\u5efa\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u201d \u6a21\u578b\u3002\u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u8a66\u5716\u6355\u6349\u6b65\u5175\u548c\u4f4e\u7d1a\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u589e\u52a0\u592a\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0d\u73fe\u6709\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7d9c\u5408\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u5373\u5408\u4f7570 \u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f03\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5148\u9a45\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn\uff08 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/History-Sociology-Genocide-Analyses-Studies\/dp\/0300044461\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1GAOST5S639DD&amp;keywords=The+History+and+Sociology+of+Genocide+Analyses+and+Case+Studies&amp;qid=1693985467&amp;sprefix=the+history+and+sociology+of+genocide+analyses+and+case+studies%2Caps%2C499&amp;sr=8-1\">The History and Sociology of Genocide Analyses and Case Studies<\/a><\/em>\uff0c1990\uff09\u3001James Waller\uff08 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Becoming-Evil-Ordinary-Genocide-Killing\/dp\/0195314565\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=K919600FGK88&amp;keywords=Becoming+Evil%3A+How+Ordinary+People+Commit+Genocide+and+Mass+Killing&amp;qid=1693985485&amp;sprefix=becoming+evil+how+ordinary+people+commit+genocide+and+mass+killing%2Caps%2C501&amp;sr=8-1\">Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing<\/a><\/em>\uff0c2002\uff09\u3001Scott Straus\uff08 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Fundamentals-Genocide-Mass-Atrocity-Prevention\/dp\/0896047156\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=QY37PNUC0QRR&amp;keywords=Fundamentals+of+Genocide+and+Mass+Atrocity+Prevention&amp;qid=1693985512&amp;sprefix=fundamentals+of+genocide+and+mass+atrocity+prevention%2Caps%2C534&amp;sr=8-1\">Fundamentals of Genocide and Mass Atrocity Prevention<\/a><\/em>\uff0c2016\uff09\u548c Kjell Anderson\uff08 <em>Perpetrating Genocide: A Criminological Account<\/em>\uff0c2018\uff09\u7b49\uff0cWilliams \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5f37\u8abf\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u671f\u9593\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4f55\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Timothy Williams \u6316\u6398\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u7b49\u6709\u95dc\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u69cb\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u63a8\u52d5\u500b\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6839\u64da Hannah Arendt \u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u8457\u4f5c <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Eichmann-Jerusalem-Banality-Penguin-Classics\/dp\/0143039881\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=32PZFQN4GTB3X&amp;keywords=Eichmann+in+Jerusalem%3A+A+Report+on+the+Banality+of+Evil&amp;qid=1693985585&amp;sprefix=eichmann+in+jerusalem+a+report+on+the+banality+of+evil+%2Caps%2C492&amp;sr=8-1\">Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil <\/a><\/em>\u800c\u547d\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f \u201c\u500b\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u4e14\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 3 \uff09\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u6e05\u9019\u500b\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u7db2\u7d61\uff0cWilliams \u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u5340\u5206\u4e86\u5f71\u97ff\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5176\u5206\u985e\u70ba\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46 Williams \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c0b\u6c42\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8abf\u67e5\u4f4e\u7d1a\u5225\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u4e8b\u5f8c\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba \u201c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6307\u5c0e\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u69cb\u5efa\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u201d\uff08 p 212 \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u6a5f\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u985e\uff1a\u5167\u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u5916\u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e09\u985e\u53c8\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7d30\u5206\u70ba 15 \u500b\u5c0f\u985e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u6e05\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u4f55\u5be6\u65bd\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff08 \u7e3d\u5171 23 \u500b \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7b54\u6848\u90fd\u88ab\u6fc3\u7e2e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u65b9\u6cd5\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cArendt \u95dc\u65bc\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u5e73\u5eb8\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u5979\u5c0d Adolf Eichmann \u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u95dc\uff0cEichmann \u56e0\u5728\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5be9\u5224\u3002\u5118\u7ba1 Williams \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3001Armenia \u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u50cf Christopher Browning \u7684 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Ordinary-Men-audiobook\/dp\/B0813XCX9B\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2QRC98AC2I4K&amp;keywords=Ordinary+men+%3A+Reserve+Police+Battalion+101+and+the+final+solution+in+Poland&amp;qid=1693985609&amp;sprefix=ordinary+men+reserve+police+battalion+101+and+the+final+solution+in+poland%2Caps%2C540&amp;sr=8-1\">Ordinary men : Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the final solution in Poland<\/a><\/em> \u6216 Wendy Lowers \u7684 H<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Hitlers-Furies-German-Killing-Fields-ebook\/dp\/B00AXS6BG6\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=DI1R9G9QP3I5&amp;keywords=Hitler%27s+Furies%3A+German+Women+in+the+Nazi+Killing+Fields&amp;qid=1693985627&amp;sprefix=hitler%27s+furies+german+women+in+the+nazi+killing+fields+%2Caps%2C538&amp;sr=8-1\">itler&#8217;s Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields <\/a><\/em>\u7b49\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u90a3\u6a23\u6263\u4eba\u5fc3\u5f26\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8207\u4ed6\u5c0d\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cWilliams \u5c0d\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u4fc3\u9032\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5206\u6790 \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u5c0d\u53c3\u8207\u6c7a\u7b56\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u55ae\u7368\u201d \u5c0e\u81f4\u67d0\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\uff08 p 127 \uff09 \u2014\u2014 \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u9178\u7684\u63a1\u8a2a\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c07\u5b9a\u6027\u8207\u5b9a\u91cf\u4ea4\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u8c50\u5bcc\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6240\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u56db\u500b\u4fc3\u9032\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u975e\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u3001\u7fa4\u9ad4\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u6642\u9593\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u6848\u4f8b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u4f7f\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u70ba\u90aa\u60e1\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u5167\u5916\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u505a\u51fa\u539f\u5275\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u7531\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u8a72\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u6975\u7aef\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u8207\u5e72\u90e8\u63a5\u53d7\u91dd\u5c0d\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u548c Sham \u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7b49\u660e\u78ba\u985e\u5225\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9 ( pp 129-136 ) \u767c\u660e\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u985e\u5225\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8207 1948 \u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u8003\u616e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0cWilliams \u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u68b3\u7406\u4e86 \u201c\u5171\u540c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u7279\u5225\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\uff08 p 212 \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4e94\u500b\u5b8f\u89c0\u554f\u984c \u2014\u2014 \u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u6703\u7dca\u5f35\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u3001\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u898f\u7bc4 \u2014\u2014 \u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u67d0\u4e9b\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u4fc3\u9032\u56e0\u7d20\u8b8a\u5f97\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u5225\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u5012\u6578\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 ( Sokha: A Child Guard the Regime Turned On ) \u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Williams \u5c07\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u548c\u76e7\u65fa\u9054\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u5206\u6790\u518d\u6b21\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5c0e\u81f4\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5be9\u67e5\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u95dc\u65bc\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6c92\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u548c\u64f4\u5c55\u7684\u7126\u9ede\uff08 p 195 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d50\u8ad6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u9805\u95dc\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cWilliams \u6316\u6398\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u500b\u5225\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002\u5728\u8b80\u8005\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7528\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u66b4\u884c\u7f6a \uff0c\u5373\u53cd\u4eba\u985e\u7f6a\u3001\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6e05\u6d17\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u984d\u5916\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002Williams \u78ba\u5be6\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u72af\u7f6a\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u9700\u8981\u8b49\u660e\u6709\u6467\u6bc0\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f4e\u7d1a\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u610f\u5716\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc( p 215 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8d77\u8a34\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7f6a\u7684\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u610f\u5716\u662f\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u88ab\u570b\u969b\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u5224\u5b9a\u72af\u6709\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u9ad4\u6b65\u5175\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u7b56\u5283\u8005\u548c\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u652f\u6301\u66b4\u529b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u500b\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u7576\u90aa\u60e1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u4f4e\u7d1a\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u6216\u6b65\u5175\u6642\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u7368\u6709\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u5c07\u5206\u6790\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u6975\u7aef\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u6b0a\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5206\u6790\u7684\u985e\u5225\u548c\u5b50\u985e\u5225\u7684\u88f8\u9732\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u5728 Williams  \u5c0d\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u770b\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/genocideprevention\/genocide-convention.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u516c\u7d04\uff081948\uff09<\/a>\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f46\u666e\u901a\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8faf\u8b77\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u662f Sham \u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6216\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u70ba\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0d\u624b\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u660e\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f31\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8868\u660e\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u503c\u5f97\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5206\u6563\u5230\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u5be9\u8996\u653f\u6b0a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8981\u9032\u884c\/\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\uff1fTimothy Williams \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8 The Complexity of Evil : Perpetration and Genocide \u4e2d\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u4f55\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u6642\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6b64\u985e\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5b83\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u548c\u5be6\u8b49\u898b\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u6a21\u578b 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\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e38\u5e38\u5411\u89c0\u773e\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u72c2\u71b1\u5730\u6548\u4eff\u6975\u7aef\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u8ff0\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5c07\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u4eba \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u6211\u5011 \u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u201d \u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6bd4\u4eba\u5011\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u8981\u8907\u96dc\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u3002\u885d\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u517c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5bb6 Timothy Williams \u901a\u904e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f62\u6210\u6697\u6307 Hannah Arendt \u7684\u5e73\u5eb8\u4e4b\u60e1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u63a2\u5c0b\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u6a21\u64ec\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u90aa\u60e1\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u662f\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff1b\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u5fa9\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u6a23\u4e14\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7fa3\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u614b\u662f\u6838\u5fc3 \uff1a\u4e0a\u7d1a\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u52a0\u58d3\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u611f\u5230\u58d3\u529b\u6216\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52d5\u6a5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6216\u60c5\u611f\u8207\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7fa3\u9ad4\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u6a5f\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u8077\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u70ba\u5e4c\u5b50\u89e3\u6c7a\u500b\u4eba\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002 \u7fa3\u9ad4\u52d5\u614b\u4f7f\u533f\u540d\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/06\/the-complexity-of-evil-perpetration-and-genocide\/\">Continue reading <span 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