{"id":9081,"date":"2023-09-14T05:51:30","date_gmt":"2023-09-14T05:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9081"},"modified":"2023-09-14T05:51:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T05:51:35","slug":"fiction-and-fictionalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/14\/fiction-and-fictionalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiction and Fictionalism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u50cf Sherlock Holmes \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u55ce\uff1f \u95dc\u65bc\u771f\u7406\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u80fd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5728\u9019  \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Fiction-Fictionalism-New-Problems-Philosophy-ebook\/dp\/B002KAAK12\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=27E53OFUMFQ8D&amp;keywords=Fiction+and+Fictionalism&amp;qid=1694670524&amp;sprefix=fiction+and+fictionalism%2Caps%2C857&amp;sr=8-1\">Fiction and Fictionalism<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5c0d\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e2d\uff0cR. M. Sainsbury \u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95dc\u9375\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u95dc\u65bc\u865b\u69cb\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b \u771f\u5be6\u4f46\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\uff1b \u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u8207\u975e\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u4f5c\u70ba\u62bd\u8c61\u5de5\u4ef6\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u865b\u69cb\u548c\u610f\u5411\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u95dc\u65bc\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R. M. Sainsbury \u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982 Sherlock Holmes \u3001Anna Karenina \u548c Madame Bovary\uff0c\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Alexius Meinong\u3001David Lewis \u548c Bas Van Fraassen\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5305\u62ec\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6458\u8981\u3001\u5e36\u8a3b\u91cb\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u95b1\u8b80\u66f8\u76ee\u548c\u6280\u8853\u8853\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c0f\u8aaa\u548c\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89f8\u8a72\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9078\u64c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\uff1fR. M. Sainsbury \u8868\u793a\uff0cNothing\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u9019\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u8aaa\u660e\uff1f \u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa Anna Karenina \u6bd4Madame Bovary \uff08Emma Bovary\uff09\u66f4\u8070\u660e\u3002\u4f55\u89e3\uff1f \u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u7684\u771f\u662f\u5728\u5b58\u5728 Emma \u548cAnna \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u7684\uff08\u5047\u7684\uff09\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\uff0cSherlock Holmes \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86 Conan Doyle \u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff1b\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u601d\u8003 Sherlock Holmes \u9019\u4e00\u865f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R. M. Sainsbury \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u70ba\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\uff08 \u5426\u8a8d\u89e3\u91cb\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u9700\u8981\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61 \uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u91cb\u67d0\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9673\u8ff0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u65e8\u5728\u6d88\u9664\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u52d5\u6a5f\uff1a\u5373\u67d0\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u9673\u8ff0\u5c0d\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u7684\u660e\u986f\u627f\u8afe\u3002R. M. Sainsbury \u95dc\u65bc\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u5145\u5206\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08 \u4e0d\u50cf\u4f60\u548c\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684 \uff09\uff1b \u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u8005\uff08 \u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f60\u6211\u4e0d\u540c \uff09\uff1b \u4e26\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08 \u80fd\u5920\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u548c\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u72c0\u614b \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u95dc\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8a71\u8a9e\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\uff1fR. M. Sainsbury \u7684 \u201c<em>Fiction and Fictionalism<\/em>\u201d \u4e3b\u5f35\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u865b\u69cb\u5c0d\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9084\u662f\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 (What is fiction?) \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u614b\u5ea6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5047\u88dd\u3001\u60f3\u50cf\u548c\u865b\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u61c9\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cR. M. Sainsbury \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 ( Realism about fictional objects ) \u4e2d\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u52d5\u6a5f\u5c0d\u65bc\u865b\u69cb\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u5b83\uff0cSherlock Holmes \u3001Anna Karenina \u548c Madame Bovary \u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u7531\u865b\u69cb\u540d\u5b57\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52d5\u6a5f\uff1a\u865b\u69cb\u540d\u5b57\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u6c92\u6709\u627f\u8f09\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u80fd\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u55ce\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u6a5f\u53d7\u5230 R. M. Sainsbury \u8a9e\u7fa9\u5b78\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u8a72\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5b78\u6700\u521d\u5728 \u201c<em>Reference without Referents<\/em>\u201d\uff082005\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5b78 \uff0c\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u627f\u8f09\u8005\uff1b \u6839\u64da\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53e5\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) Sherlock Holmes \u62bd\u7159\u6597<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 \u201cSherlock Holmes\u201d \u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u6a23\u6c92\u6709\u627f\u8f09\u8005\uff08\u6211\u5c07\u5728\u8a55\u8ad6\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u6642\u56de\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cR. M. Sainsbury \u8d0a\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u908f\u8f2f\uff08 \u201c<em>Reference without Referents<\/em>\u201d\uff0c2005 \uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u540d\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u512a\u96c5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5305\u542b\u865b\u69cb\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8981\u6c42\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 (Realism about fictional objects) \u70ba\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7ae0\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u790e\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 Sainsbury \u7684\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cSainsbury \u4ed4\u7d30\u5730\u5448\u73fe\u4e26\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1aMeinongianism\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff1b\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u975e\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff1b \u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u7fa9 abstractism \u8a8d\u70ba\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u975e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 (Fictional objects are nonexistents) \u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c6c\u65bc Meinongianism \u6a19\u7c64\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u617e\u671b\u7b49\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u8a9e\u8a00\u5be6\u8e10\u3002 Meinongianism \u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u8af8\u5982 (1) \u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u6b64\u985e\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1a\u6839\u64da  Meinongianism\uff0c\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u76f8\u95dc\u865b\u69cb\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cMeinongianism \u9762\u81e8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u884c\u70ba\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3001\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5beb\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u6642\u4f7f\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u8aaa\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u8b1b\u6545\u4e8b\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u2014\u2014 \u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\u65e9\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93 \u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d \u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u4f5c\u8005\u5275\u9020\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002 Meinongianism \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\uff0c&nbsp;Conan Doyle&nbsp;\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 Sherlock Holmes\uff0c\u9019\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u901a\u904e\u5728\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8b8a\u5f97\u865b\u69cb\uff1b\u5118\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u9593\u88cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684 \u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6703\u7d93\u6b77\u66ab\u6642\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u66f8\u5beb\u884c\u70ba\u70ba\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u3002Sainsbury \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u9019\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u591a\u9ebc\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u6703\u53d7\u5230 \u201c\u9078\u64c7\u554f\u984c selection problem\u201d \u7684\u5f71\u97ff ( p 62 )\uff0c\u5373\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebd\u539f\u56e0\u5c0e\u81f4 Conan Doyle \u5728\u64b0\u5beb Sherlock Holmes \u6545\u4e8b\u6642\u5275\u9020\u6027\u5730\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684 Sherlock Holmes\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684 Anna Karenina\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6839\u64da Meinongianism \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b58\u5225\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u5177\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u50c5\u8207\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a\u8b58\u5225\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5c6c\u6027Sherlock Holmes \u662f\u4ed6\u5728 Sherlock Holmes \u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0cConan Doyle \u5728\u5beb\u4e0b Sherlock Holmes \u6545\u4e8b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u985e\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c6c\u6027\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u8981\u5beb\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u679c Sherlock Holmes \u9019\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u8207 Conan Doyle \u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u5c07\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8ce6\u4e88\u4f5c\u8005\u5275\u9020\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u9078\u64c7\u554f\u984c\u201d \u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f46\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0cSainsbury \u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 (Fictional entities are abstract artifacts) \u5c0d\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e2d \uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u4f5c\u8005\u6703\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u9078\u64c7\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u901a\u904e\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u8c61\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c07\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e0a\u8b8a\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u8a72\u4eba\u7269\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7d66\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u5c6c\u6027\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u540c\u4e00\u7d44\u5c6c\u6027\u5c07\u8ce6\u4e88\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f9e\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u200b\u200b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u55ae\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7de8\u5beb\u548c\u95b1\u8b80\u6545\u4e8b\u7e8c\u96c6\u6216\u6a21\u4eff\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R. M. Sainsbury \u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5de5\u4ef6 abstract artifacts\u89c0\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u548c\u975e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5c31\u50cf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u4ea4\u97ff\u6a02\u548c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7b49\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5275\u9020\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6642\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u865b\u69cb\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684 \u201c\u5916\u90e8\u201d \u5c6c\u6027\u9032\u884c\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u4f5c\u8005\u5275\u4f5c\u3001\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u5c55\u826f\u597d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7b49\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u5c0d\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5c6c\u6027\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u78bc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8aaa\u51fa\uff081\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6253\u7b97\u8072\u7a31 \u201c\u62bd\u7159\u6597\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab Sherlock Holmes \u9644\u8eab\u3002\u4f46 Sainsbury \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u865b\u69cb\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u7522\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u9032\u884c\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6234\u8457\u5e3d\u5b50\u3001\u7159\u6597\u7b49\u62bd\u8c61\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u5de5\u4ef6\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u5c0f\u8aaa\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5947\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0f\u8aaa\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u7121\u6cd5\u64c1\u6709\u5c0f\u8aaa\u9080\u8acb\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff08\u53c3\u898b p 113 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R. M. Sainsbury \u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\/\u7de8\u78bc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u60f3\u50cf\u7522\u751f\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff1a\u7576\u6211\u5011\u95b2\u8b80 Sherlock Holmes \u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6234\u8457\u5e3d\u5b50\u6216\u62bd\u8457\u7159\u6597\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5be6\u9ad4 Sherlock Holme\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u9858\u610f\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u8c61\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u5b83\u662f\u5225\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u8457\u7159\u6597\u3001\u6234\u8457\u5e3d\u5b50\u7b49\u7684\u771f\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5169\u5c64\u5e8f\u7684\u601d\u8003\/\u60f3\u50cf\u4e26\u975e\u8352\u8b2c \uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5152\u7ae5\u6232\u5287\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff1a\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u6a39\u6a01\u662f\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u718a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5bb3\u6015\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u800c\u9003\u96e2\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u6a39\u6a01\u6703\u653b\u64ca\u4ed6\u5011\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u6a39\u6a01\u6703\u653b\u64ca\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u6a39\u6a01\u662f\u718a\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u718a\u6703\u653b\u64ca\u4ed6\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 (Irrealism: fiction and intentionality) \u4e2d\uff0cSainsbury \u601d\u8003\u4e26\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u8a34\u8af8\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u7522\u751f\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u50cf\uff081\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff1a\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u95dc\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c(1) \u986f\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u662f \u201c Sherlock Holme\u201d \u7684\u6240\u6307\u6d89\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u5217\u51fa\u8005\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u8a34\u8af8\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u771f\u7406\u8207\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u50cf (1) \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981 Sherlock Holme \u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5ea6\u537b\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff1a(1)\u771f\u5be6\u65bc Sherlock Holme \u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u8aaa\u51fa\u4e86\u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6d89\u53ca\u865b\u69cb\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2)Anna Karenina \u6bd4 Madame Bovary \u66f4\u8070\u660e \/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2)\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u5fe0\u5be6\u65bc Sherlock Holme \u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u90e8 Sherlock Holme \u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d Anna Karenina \u548c Madame Bovary \u90fd\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u6700\u521d\u7531 Sainsbury \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u5c07\uff082\uff09\u8996\u70ba\u524d\u7db4 \u201c\u805a\u96c6\u6545\u4e8b\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u8a72\u56e0\u7d20\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u76f8\u95dc\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7e3d\u5167\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2*) \u6839\u64da\uff08Anna Karenina \u548c Madame Bovary [\u4ee5\u805a\u96c6\u65b9\u5f0f]\uff09\uff0cAnna Karenina \u6bd4 Madame Bovary \u66f4\u8070\u660e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u805a\u96c6\u6545\u4e8b\u56e0\u7d20\u70ba\u524d\u7db4\uff0c\u8a72\u53e5\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5728\u96c6\u9ad4\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5fe0\u65bc\u6587\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c Sainsbury \u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f \u201c\u9810\u8a2d\u76f8\u5c0d\u771f\u7406 presupposition-relative truth\u201d \u65b9\u6cd5 ( p 125 &amp; p 146 )\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u8aaa\u51fa (2) \u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u65b7\u8a00\u4e86\u5728\u9810\u8a2d\u4e0b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u8af8\u5982 Anna Karenina \u548c Madame Bovary\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u8070\u660e\u3002\u9810\u8a2d\u6846\u67b6\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u89e3\u91cb\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7d66\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5e36\u4f86\u5927\u9ebb\u7169\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) Sherlock Holme \u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5075\u63a2\u90fd\u8070\u660e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u5982 Sainsbury \u6b63\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0cSherlock Holme \u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u6642Sherlock Holme \u5c07\u6bd4\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u5049\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u548c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c Sherlock Holme \u2014\u2014 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269 \u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5075\u63a2\u90fd\u66f4\u5049\u5927\uff08\u53c3\u898b p 147 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e0a\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4f46 Sainsbury \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4f7f\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6210\u70ba\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6839\u64da\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede (3) \u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u986f\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5047\u8a2d Sherlock Holme \u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u9810\u8a2d\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u5982\u6b64\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u9810\u8a2d\u4e4b\u9593\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u503c\u5f97\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u53c3\u898b p 147 \uff09\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u50c5\u7372\u5f97\u67d0\u4e9b\u51fa\u73fe\u865b\u69cb\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u76f4\u89c0\u771f\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b93\u6211\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\u66f4\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) Sherlock Holmes \u62bd\u7159\u6597<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R. M. Sainsbury \u7684\u63d0\u8b70\u986f\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u5b58\u5728 Sherlock Holmes \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u7684\uff08\u5047\u7684\uff09\u9810\u8a2d\u4e0b\u5b83\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5728\u8003\u616e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) Sherlock Holmes \u62bd\u96ea\u8304<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u89ba\u4e0a\u9019\u986f\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bd4\uff081\uff09\u66f4\u5f37\u70c8\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u89c0\u5730\u8aaa\uff081\uff09\u548c\uff084\uff09\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u771f\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6309\u7167 Sainsbury \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc \u201cSherlock Holmes\u201d \u7684\u6240\u6307\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6240\u6307\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1b\u9019\u88cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5373 Sherlock Holmes \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u89c0\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\uff081\uff09\u7684\u771f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc Sherlock Holmes \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\uff084\uff09\u7684\u771f\u5462\uff1f \u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u9810\u8a2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u62bd\u7684\u662f\u7159\u6597\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96ea\u8304\uff0c\u9019\u5fe0\u5be6\u65bc Sherlock Holmes \u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u8b8a\u5f97\u591a\u9918\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R. M. Sainsbury \u7684\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u63d0\u8b70\u70ba\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u8a34\u8af8\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7406\u8ad6\u7684 \u201c\u5916\u4f86\u5be6\u9ad4 exotic entities\u201d\uff1b\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u865b\u69cb\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u666e\u904d\u548c\u7d71\u4e00\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u91cd\u65b0\u95e1\u8ff0\u5404\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7acb\u5834\u666e\u904d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c<em>Fiction and Fictionalism<\/em>\u201d \u4ee5\u6e96\u78ba\u3001\u7c21\u6f54\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5c0d\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u6587\u5b78\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u8da3\u4e14\u539f\u5275\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u865b\u69cb\u8a71\u8a9e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7406\u8ad6\u9700\u8981\u5047\u8a2d\u7684 \u201c\u5916\u4f86\u5be6\u9ad4\u201d \u505a\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u5c0d\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9805\u76ee\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u50cf Sherlock Holmes \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u55ce\uff1f \u95dc\u65bc\u771f\u7406\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u80fd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5728\u9019 \u201cFiction and Fictionalism\u201d \u5c0d\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e2d\uff0cR. M. Sainsbury \u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95dc\u9375\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a \u2022 \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff1f \u2022 \u95dc\u65bc\u865b\u69cb\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b \u771f\u5be6\u4f46\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\uff1b \u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684 \u2022 \u865b\u69cb\u4eba\u7269\u8207\u975e\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2 \u2022 \u4f5c\u70ba\u62bd\u8c61\u5de5\u4ef6\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4 \u2022 \u865b\u69cb\u548c\u610f\u5411\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u554f\u984c \u2022 \u95dc\u65bc\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u2022 \u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 R. M. Sainsbury \u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982 Sherlock Holmes \u3001Anna Karenina \u548c Madame Bovary\uff0c\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Alexius &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/14\/fiction-and-fictionalism\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2mt","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9081"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9082,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9081\/revisions\/9082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}