{"id":9087,"date":"2023-09-21T03:05:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T03:05:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9087"},"modified":"2023-09-21T03:05:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-21T03:05:13","slug":"moral-fictionalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/21\/moral-fictionalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Moral Fictionalism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u8a71\u8a9e\u662f\u8868\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u9054\u9053\u5fb7\u547d\u984c \u2014\u2014 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\u5e74\u6700\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u5f8c\u8a2d\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cMark Eli Kalderon \u4e3b\u5f35 \u201c\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u201d \u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u5be6\u8e10\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u76ee\u524d\u5f88\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u9805\u63d0\u8b70\u8207\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7248\u672c\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u6d89\u53ca\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011\u6700\u597d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5be6\u8e10\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 \uff0c \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Moral-Fictionalism-Lines-Thought-Kalderon-ebook\/dp\/B005NKEJF4\/ref=sr_1_2?crid=DFHELI756PF0&amp;keywords=Moral+Fictionalism&amp;qid=1695265406&amp;sprefix=moral+fictionalism%2Caps%2C515&amp;sr=8-2\"> <\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Moral-Fictionalism-Lines-Thought-Kalderon-ebook\/dp\/B005NKEJF4\/ref=sr_1_2?crid=DFHELI756PF0&amp;keywords=Moral+Fictionalism&amp;qid=1695265406&amp;sprefix=moral+fictionalism%2Caps%2C515&amp;sr=8-2\">Moral Fictionalism<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5177\u6709\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u64c1\u64e0\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65b0\u89c0\u9ede 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u6d89\u53ca\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba \u201c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u2026\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a62\u554f\u2014\u2014[\u4ed6\u5011]\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1[\u67d0\u4eba]\u7684\u8a71\u201d ( P 23 )\uff0c\u9019\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u81ea\u6eff\u7684\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u50c5\u50c5\u70ba\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u3002Kalderon \u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u56db\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u63a5\u53d7\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08a\uff09\u512a\u5148\u6027\uff0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u76f8\u4e92\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u9053\u5fb7\u63a5\u53d7\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u7279\u5fb5\uff08a\uff09\uff08c\uff09\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u7531\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u985e\u5225\u6027\u7684\u719f\u6089\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u63a5\u53d7\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u7279\u5fb5\uff08d\uff09\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u65b7\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65b7\u8a00\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u5225\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cKalderon \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u6c7a\u5b9a\u61c9\u8a72\u59cb\u7d42\u7531\u500b\u4eba\u826f\u5fc3\u6c7a\u5b9a \uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u7bc4\u7587\u6027\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u524d\u63d0\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7591\u554f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u540c\u5115\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5206\u6b67\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u5be9\u67e5\u67d0\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e26\u4e0d\u7f55\u898b\u3002Kalderon \u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7fa9\u52d9\u90fd\u662f \u201c\u5bec\u9b06\u7684 \u201d \u3002\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u50cf\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u52dd\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u8de1\u50cf\u90fd\u6703\u5927\u5927\u524a\u5f31\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5145\u5206\u767c\u63ee\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u722d\u8b70\u4e2d\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002Kalderon \u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9053\u5fb7\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u89c0\u9ede\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e2d\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6aa2\u8996\u500b\u4eba\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u5728&nbsp;\u201c\u7368\u7279\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u89c0\u9ede\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86 \u201c\u898f\u7bc4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1a\u2026[\u4ed6\u5011\u7684]\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5fb5\u8b8a\u5f97\u7a81\u51fa\u4e26\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u5916\u89c0\u201d\uff08 p 44 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u614b\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7279\u5fb5 \u2500\u2500 \u5b83\u5011\u6d89\u53ca\u67d0\u7a2e\u770b\u4f3c\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002Kalderon \u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff1a\u5b9a\u5411\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u7684\u617e\u671b\u3002\u64c1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u614b\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u4f60\u7684\u7d93\u6b77 \uff0c\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u8b8a\u5f97\u7a81\u51fa\u6216\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u7406\u7531\uff1b\u201c\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u201d \u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f60\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff08 pp 50-1 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5efa\u69cb\u6211\u5011\u7684\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u6c7a\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Kalderon \u88ab\u5ba3\u50b3\u70ba \u201c\u6700\u4f73\u201d \u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4f86\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u5011\u8f03\u5dee\u3002\u8a72\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7279\u5fb5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u201c\u898f\u7bc4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u201d \u8207\u9d28\u5154\u548c\u985e\u4f3c\u5f71\u50cf\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u8f49\u8b8a\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9d28\u5b50\u7684\u5716\u756b\u6216\u5154\u5b50\u7684\u5716\u756b\uff0c\u9019\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u500b\u5716\u5f62\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u88dd\u770b\u5230\u9d28\u5b50\u6216\u5154\u5b50\u7684\u5716\u756b\u9019\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u55ce\uff1f\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7279\u5fb5\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff1a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u719f\u6089\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\uff0c\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u865b\u69cb\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8ad6\u8b49\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cKalderon\uff08 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0: The Pragmatic Fallacy \uff09\u8f49\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684 \u201c\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u5c0d\u624b \u2014\u2014 \u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9 expressivism\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5c0d\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8655\u7406\u3002\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u5f0f\u72af\u4e86\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a9e\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5c07\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6df7\u70ba\u4e00\u8ac7\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u5011\u5ee3\u6cdb\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u7d66\u539f\u59cb\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) \u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u9084\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9 &#8211; \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8207\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8b9a\u6210\u6216\u53cd\u5c0d\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4e2d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5247<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08b\uff09\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u6839\u64da\u5176\u5d4c\u5165\u6216\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u50f9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u660e\u986f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8ad6\u8b49\u7121\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u5f8c\uff0cKalderon \u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8 Allan Gibbard \u4f5c\u54c1\uff08 \u201c<em>Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory of Normative Judgment<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u3002Kalderon \u5f88\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0cGibbard \u6700\u7d42\u4e5f\u9762\u81e8\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002Allan Gibbard \u7528\u529f\u80fd\u89d2\u8272\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5b78\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9053\u5fb7\u8853\u8a9e\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u548c\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5167\u5bb9\u800c\u975e\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\uff1fKalderon \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cGibbard \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u78ba\u7acb\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u529f\u80fd\u89d2\u8272\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a9e\u610f\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u8868\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\u4e86\u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\u5728\u8aaa\u51fa\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u6642\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u8a9e\u7528\u5b78\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5b78\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>Moral Fictionalism<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff08 Varieties of Moral Irrealism \uff09\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u660e \u201c\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u96d6\u7136 Kalderon \u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6f84\u6e05\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5e78\u548c\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u5206\u985e\u65b9\u6848\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c \u201c\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff08 \u5373\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0 \uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u985e\u578b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5224\u65b7\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u9805\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4f46 \u201c\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u5df2\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7528\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff08 \u5373\u975e\u8868\u5fb5\u5167\u5bb9 \uff09\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Kalderon \u6240\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c \u201c\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5408\u9069\u7684\u6a19\u7c64\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u4e26\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\uff1a \u201c\u975e\u4e8b\u5be6\u8ad6 nonfactualism\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u5177\u6709\u975e\u8868\u5fb5\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e8b\u5be6\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalderon \u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/9109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u8ad6<\/a>\u548c\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7acb\u5834\u7f6e\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u3002\u6839\u64da Kalderon \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u95dc\u5fc3\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u95dc\u5fc3\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08i\uff09\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u9054\u9053\u5fb7\u547d\u984c\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08ii\uff09\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u662f\u7531\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u547d\u984c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u69cb\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08iii\uff09\u6211\u5011\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e2d\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u5011\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u5f35\u201d\uff08 p 144 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5426\u8a8d\uff08i\uff09\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/humanities\/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps\/error-theory-ethics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u8ad6 error theory<\/a> \u5426\u8a8d\uff08iii\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5426\u8a8d\uff08ii\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u985e\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9053\u5fb7\u4e8b\u5be6\u6216\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\uff1b \u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u9053\u5fb7\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728 \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u5426\u8a8d\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\uff08\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff09\u5224\u65b7\uff1b \u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1b \u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalderon \u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u500b\u7279\u9ede\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u53ca\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8655\u7406\u6709\u95dc\uff1a\u4ed6\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u63a5\u53d7\u8996\u70ba\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8072\u7a31\u6211\u5011\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002 Kalderon \u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1 \u201c\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u201d \u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u627f\u64d4\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u8209\u8b49\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5c07\u9053\u5fb7\u8a71\u8a9e\u8996\u70ba\u865b\u69cb \uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u672a\u6559\u5c0e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u9019\u662f\u865b\u69cb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff08\u800c\u6211\u5011\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5b83\u662f\u4e8b\u5be6\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u6d89\u53ca\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u8b70\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002Kalderon \u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u6b78\u56e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u5426\u65e8\u5728\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u3001\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u7406\u7531\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\uff1f \u898f\u7bc4\u4f46\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u7406\u7531\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u65b9\u9762\u5c24\u5176\u7dca\u8feb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u64da\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684 \u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u660e\u78ba\u627f\u8a8d\u5c0d\u539f\u56e0\u8ac7\u8a71\u9032\u884c \u201c\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f46 Kalderon \u627f\u8a8d \u201c\u96d6\u7136\u9053\u5fb7\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u547d\u984c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u4ee3\u8868\u67d0\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u547d\u984c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u201d \uff08 p 167 \uff09\u2014\u2014 \u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u7531\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u865b\u69cb\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\uff08 \u6709\u6642\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u8aaa \u201c\u76f8\u4fe1\u201d\uff08 p 29 \uff09\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u64c1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5a01\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u4ee5\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86 Kalderon \u7684\u975e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u9867\u616e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u59a5\u5354\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4f3c\u4e4e\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Kalderon \u4f3c\u4e4e\u5141\u8a31\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u540c\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u548c\u81ea\u6eff\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u8a71\u8a9e\u662f\u8868\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u9054\u9053\u5fb7\u547d\u984c \u2014\u2014 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\u548c \u201c\u975e\u4e8b\u5be6\u8ad6\u201d \u9019\u5169\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u63db\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u932f\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u547d\u984c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0 \u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u975e\u4e8b\u5be6\u8ad6\u8005\u8a66\u5716\u63ed\u7a7f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u865b\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5247\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u865b\u69cb\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63ed\u7a7f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u9053\u5fb7\u8a71\u8a9e\u4f86\u50b3\u9054\u9053\u5fb7\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u975e\u8868\u5fb5\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u88dd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1f\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u662f 2005 \u5e74\u6700\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u5f8c\u8a2d\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cMark Eli Kalderon \u4e3b\u5f35 \u201c\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u201d \u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u5be6\u8e10\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u76ee\u524d\u5f88\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u9805\u63d0\u8b70\u8207\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7248\u672c\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u6d89\u53ca\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011\u6700\u597d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5be6\u8e10\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 \uff0c \u201c Moral Fictionalism\u201d \u5177\u6709\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u64c1\u64e0\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65b0\u89c0\u9ede \u3002\u9019\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5275\u6027\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53c3\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u4e26\u884c\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6703\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002 \u7576 Kalderon \u5be9\u8996\u7576\u524d\u7684\u5143\u502b\u7406\u5716\u666f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u6211\u5011\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\uff08\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff09\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09\u548c\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff09\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u505a\u51fa\u9078\u64c7\u4f5c\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e 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\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u6d89\u53ca\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba \u201c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u2026\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a62\u554f\u2014\u2014[\u4ed6\u5011]\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1[\u67d0\u4eba]\u7684\u8a71\u201d &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/21\/moral-fictionalism\/\">Continue reading <span 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