{"id":9090,"date":"2023-09-23T16:30:31","date_gmt":"2023-09-23T16:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9090"},"modified":"2023-09-23T16:30:36","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T16:30:36","slug":"mental-fictionalism-philosophical-explorations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/23\/mental-fictionalism-philosophical-explorations\/","title":{"rendered":"Mental Fictionalism: Philosophical Explorations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u8a2d\u4f60\u5c0d<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/materialism-eliminative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9 Eliminative Materialism<\/a> \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u6709\u4e9b\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u672c\u8eab\u611f\u5230\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u8003\u616e\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff084\uff09\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u67d0\u7a2e\u526f\u73fe\u8c61\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u9019\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u5947\u602a\u548c\u5e7d\u9748\u822c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff09 \uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff085\uff09\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5167\u5bb9\u8981\u4e48\u7531\u982d\u8166\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4f60\u540c\u60c5\uff081\uff09-\uff085\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u611f\u5230\u754f\u7e2e \u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9 Eliminative Materialism \u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08i\uff09\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u617e\u671b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08ii\uff09\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u505c\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u8a00\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u5883\u5728\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7 Quine \u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u627f\u8afe\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u6307\u5c0e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u8f49\u5411\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b56\u7565\u5efa\u8b70\uff1a\u63a1\u7528\u53ef\u7591\u5be6\u9ad4 E\u3002\u63a1\u7528\u6240\u6709\u53e5\u5b50 S\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u59d4\u8a17\u7d66 Es\u3002\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u7c21\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50 S \u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u4ecd\u7136\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8aaa\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff08\u5982\u679c\u50c5\u5f9e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3001\u8a8d\u53ef\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u7c89\u7d72\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 Mental Fictionalism\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u662f\uff08 \u6216\u61c9\u8a72\u662f 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5141\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u4fdd\u7559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u617e\u671b\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\uff08 \u5118\u7ba1\u7d93\u904e\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u617e\u671b\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71 \uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u6bba\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e9b\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u5805\u6301\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u65b7\u8a00\u9700\u8981\u547d\u984c\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u984c\u614b\u5ea6\u8ac7\u8a71\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u70ba\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u65bc\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\u5be6\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5468\u570d\u5b58\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8207\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64d4\u5fc3\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u6bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6df1\u6df1\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u5011\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u3002\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u617e\u671b\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9451\u65bc\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5728\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7cbe\u795e\u5be6\u9ad4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c0d\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u771f\u7406\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u64d4\u6182\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7528\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u53d6\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78 \u2014\u2014 \u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7\u55ce \uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \u6578\u5b78\u3001\u6a21\u614b\u6216\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3002 \u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 Mental Fictionalism \u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u4fdd\u7559\u8a71\u8a9e\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\u5b83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u67d0\u4e9b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 \u2014\u2014 \u5f9e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b \u2014\u2014 \u4e26\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Mental-Fictionalism-Philosophical-Tam%C3%A1s-Demeter-ebook\/dp\/B09V1RRTXT\/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;qid=1695431262&amp;sr=8-4\">Mental Fictionalism : Philosophical Explorations<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u51fa\u7248\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7d39\u548c\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u9818\u5148\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684 18 \u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u9996\u5148\u7531\u7de8\u8f2f\u5011\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5340\u5225\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7406\u8ad6\uff08 \u5373 John Searle \u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/speech-act-theory-1691986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8a9e\u884c\u7406\u8ad6 speech act theory<\/a> \u548c Kendall Walton \u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1984-30869-001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5047\u88dd\u7406\u8ad6 pretense-theory<\/a> \uff09 \u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u54f2\u5b78\u80cc\u666f\u4f46\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u95b1\u8b80\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u5f15\u8a00\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u542b\u4e94\u500b\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5 Meg Wallace \u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6587\u7ae0\u958b\u982d\uff0c\u8a72\u6587\u7ae0\u8207\u5f15\u8a00\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14 \u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u50f9\u503c\uff1a\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0 (Mental Fictionalism) \u5beb\u65bc 2007 \u5e74\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u672c\u5377\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f Adam Toon \u7684\u8ad6\u6587 (Fictionalism and Intentionality)\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4fdd\u8b77\u7406\u8ad6\u514d\u53d7\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u6bba\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6709\u9ede\u6232\u5287\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f04\u5de7\u6210\u62d9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u70ba\u4e86\u95e1\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u542b\u5fc3\u7406\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u662f\u8a72\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8ad6\u6587\u90fd\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002William Lycan (A Rylean Mental Fictionalism) \u634d\u885b\u4e86\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0b\u5e38\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u8b49\u660e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u4f5c\u70ba\u5143\u54f2\u5b78\u7db1\u9818\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35 Descartes \u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u3002Tam\u00e1s Demeter \u4ee5\u5176\u60c5\u611f\u6545\u4e8b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u65b0\u7a4e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u8868\u9054\u60c5\u611f\u4e26\u5728\u793e\u6703\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u5c0e\u822a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305 (A Mental Fictionalism Worthy of Its Name) \u3002Demeter \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7a4e\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u516c\u958b\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u7a2e\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u672c\u8cea\u3002Adrian Downey (Enactive-Ecological Fictionalism: An Eliminativism that Works) \u812b\u96e2\u4e86\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 \uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u6700\u95dc\u9375\u554f\u984c\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3002Downey \u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6d3b\u8e8d\u751f\u614b\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u8cf4\u723e\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u5b83\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f31\u9ede\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u542b\u4e94\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u6bcf\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u90fd\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5c0d\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6311\u6230\u3002L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kocsis \u548c Kriszti\u00e1n Pete (The Sellarsian Fate for Mental Fictionalism) \u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc Wilfrid Sellars \u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u539f\u578b\u7406\u8ad6 (<a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/sellars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sellarsian proto-theory<\/a>)\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u6c11\u9593\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u529f\u5730\u9810\u6e2c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\uff09\u3002Zoe Drayson (What We Talk about When We Talk about Mental States) \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5426\u8a8d\u5fc3\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5fc3\u9748\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002 Daniel D. Hutto (A Brickhouse Defence for Folk Psychology: How to Defeat \u2018Big Bad Wolf\u2019 Eliminativism) \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ee5\u6700\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u5b83\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u660e\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \u2014\u2014 \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c0d\u6297\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6709\u529b\u7af6\u722d\u8005\u3002 Amber Ross&nbsp;(Mental Fictionalism: The Costly Combination of Magic and the Mind&nbsp;) \u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u901a\u884c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u8207\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff08\u5982\u300aSherlock Holmes\u300b\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u908a\u754c\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u300c\u4e8b\u5be6\u300d\u5c1a\u672a\u78ba\u7acb\u3002Ross \u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5e36\u6709\u9b54\u5e7b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5947\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728 Mikl\u00f3s M\u00e1rton \u548c J\u00e1nos T\u0151zs\u00e9r (The Pragmatic Approach to Fictive Utterances and its Consequences for Mental Fictionalism) \u8868\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u6bba\u6311\u6230\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u66f4\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u56de\u6b78\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5c0d\u5c0f\u8aaa\u9032\u884c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u4e26\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\u5f8c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u56db\u7bc7\u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002Ted Parent \u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u9673\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587 &nbsp;(&nbsp;I Think; Therefore, I am a Fiction) \u53d7\u5230 Descartes \u7684\u6211\u601d\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f88\u96e3\u8cea\u7591\u9673\u8ff0\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u3002Parent \u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002 &nbsp;Sam Wilkinson (&nbsp;Psychiatric Fictionalism) \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\u9818\u57df\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5426\u8a8d\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u4eba\u60a3\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\uff1b \u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5927\u8166\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002Wilkinson \u4ee5\u91ab\u5b78\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u8ca0\u8f09\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u8a8d\u70ba\u67d0\u4eba\u751f\u75c5\u7e3d\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u5224\u65b7\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002Julianne Chung  (Three Kinds of Fictionalism about Knowledge-Talk) \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u8b58\u6b78\u5c6c\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u3002Chung \u5206\u6790\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u8a87\u5927 exaggeration\u3001\u8a87\u5f35 hyperbole\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u63a1\u7528\u96b1\u55bb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Meg Wallace \u7684\u8ad6\u6587 (&nbsp;Mental Fictionalism: A Foothold Amid Deflationary Collapse) \u653b\u64ca<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/truth-deflationary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b58\u6709\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6 ontological deflationism<\/a>\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u6bba\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6\u8005 \u2014\u2014 \u8457\u540d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u662fRudolf Carnap, Eli Hirsch, \u548c Amie Thomasson \u2014\u2014 \u5e0c\u671b\u7701\u7565\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u5728\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u3002Wallace \u8a8d\u70ba\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u6bba\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u771f\u770b\u5f85\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u8ac7\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5 Tim Crane \u548c Katalin Farkas \u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u958b\u59cb (Mental Fact and Mental Fiction)\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7c21\u7d04\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 Crane \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u548c\u7fd2\u6027\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6027\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5747\u5177\u6709\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u8a73\u7d30\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u80fd\u5920\u907f\u514d\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u6bba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c0d\u5fc3\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4f5c\u8005\u627f\u8a8d\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6307\u7a31\u8853\u8a9e\u3002Bruno M\u00f6lder \u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u76ee\u6a19 (Interpretivism and Mental Fictionalism)\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u900f\u904e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u70ba\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8ca7\u4e4f\u548c\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5340\u5206\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u6b78\u56e0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6 ascriptivist theory ( ascriptivism \u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u8981\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u8aaa \u201c\u67d0\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u201d \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0 \u201c\u8a72\u884c\u70ba\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5c0d\u6b64\u8ca0\u8cac \u3002) \u8c50\u5bcc\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8207\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6b78\u56e0\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6558\u8ff0\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6558\u8ff0\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u69cb\u6210\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Julia Tanney (Rejecting the Metaphysics of the Mental: An Advertisement for a Conceptual-Cartographical Exploration of our \u2018Folk-Psychological\u2019 Practices) \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u62bd\u8c61\u5be6\u9ad4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4e26\u653b\u64ca\u4e86\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u6027\u548c\u547d\u984c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5fc3\u7406\u8853\u8a9e\u4e0d\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002Tanney \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u4fe1\u5ff5\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4efb\u4f55\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cDaniel C. Dennett (Am I a Fictionalist?) \u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u81e8\u6642\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6240\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002 \u6b64\u5f8c\uff0cDennett \u56de\u9867\u4e86\u4ed6\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u6f84\u6e05\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u8aa4\u89e3\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>Mental Fictionalism : Philosophical Explorations<\/em>\u201d \u5305\u542b\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5178\u578b\u554f\u984c\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u5468\u908a\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5c08\u5bb6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4f86\u8c50\u5bcc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76 \u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u521d\u540c\u60c5\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ad6\u9ede\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6bd4\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u70ba\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u512a\u52e2\u3002\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u898f\u907f\u67d0\u4e9b\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u2014\u2014 \u81f3\u5c11\uff01\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u671f\u7968\u958b\u59cb\u898f\u907f\u9019\u4e9b\u64d4\u6182\u3002\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u6703\u8207\u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u9748\u6216\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u6297\u8861\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u5426\u6700\u7d42\u80fd\u5920\u7d93\u53d7\u4f4f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u3001\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5be9\u8996\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5f85\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5047\u8a2d\u4f60\u5c0d\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9 Eliminative Materialism \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u6709\u4e9b\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u672c\u8eab\u611f\u5230\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u8003\u616e\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a \uff081\uff09 \u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c \uff082\uff09 \u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u8b49\u5be6\u3002 \uff0c \uff083\uff09\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5c0d\u5947\u602a\u6216\u5e7d\u9748\u822c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4f5c\u51fa\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6703\u627f\u8a8d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c \uff084\uff09\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u67d0\u7a2e\u526f\u73fe\u8c61\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u9019\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u5947\u602a\u548c\u5e7d\u9748\u822c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff09 \uff0c \uff085\uff09\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5167\u5bb9\u8981\u4e48\u7531\u982d\u8166\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4f60\u540c\u60c5\uff081\uff09-\uff085\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u611f\u5230\u754f\u7e2e \u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9 Eliminative Materialism \u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373 \uff08i\uff09\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u617e\u671b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \uff08ii\uff09\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u505c\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u8a00\u8ad6\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u5883\u5728\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7 Quine \u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u627f\u8afe\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u6307\u5c0e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u8f49\u5411\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b56\u7565\u5efa\u8b70\uff1a\u63a1\u7528\u53ef\u7591\u5be6\u9ad4 E\u3002\u63a1\u7528\u6240\u6709\u53e5\u5b50 S\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u59d4\u8a17\u7d66 Es\u3002\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u7c21\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50 S \u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u4ecd\u7136\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8aaa\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff08\u5982\u679c\u50c5\u5f9e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff09\u3002 \u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3001\u8a8d\u53ef\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u7c89\u7d72\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 Mental Fictionalism\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u662f\uff08 \u6216\u61c9\u8a72\u662f \uff09\u5fc3\u7406\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u9019\u5f9e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u70ba\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u597d\u5730\u62ef\u6551\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9577\u671f\u800c\u8271\u82e6\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\u548c\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u617e\u671b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8003\u616e\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u610f\u5473\u8457\u653e\u68c4\u6211\u5011\u666e\u901a\u7684\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u53d6\u6d88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002 \u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65e2\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u3002\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u512a\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u6210\u70ba\u53d6\u6d88\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8207\u617e\u671b\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002\u5fc3\u667a\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u65bc\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u617e\u671b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u91cb\u7fa9 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u7a2e\u91cb\u7fa9\u5141\u8a31\u9019\u4e9b\u9673\u8ff0\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff08 \u6216\u81f3\u5c11\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684 \uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u8ac7\u8a71\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8a66\u5716\u64fa\u812b\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u6703\u6216\u61c9\u8a72\u6c38\u9060\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8072\u7a31\u6709\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u54e1\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u6c11\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u5e38\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8a00\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u8abf\u6574\u3002 \u4e26\u4e14\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u865b\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u666e\u904d\u512a\u52e2\uff1a\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u627f\u64d4\u9019\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u627f\u8afe\u3002 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/09\/23\/mental-fictionalism-philosophical-explorations\/\">Continue reading <span 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