{"id":9097,"date":"2023-10-03T03:50:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T03:50:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9097"},"modified":"2023-10-03T03:50:21","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T03:50:21","slug":"wilfrid-sellars-and-buddhist-philosophy-freedom-from-foundations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/10\/03\/wilfrid-sellars-and-buddhist-philosophy-freedom-from-foundations\/","title":{"rendered":"Wilfrid Sellars and Buddhist Philosophy: Freedom from Foundations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Wilfrid Sellars\uff081912-1989\uff09<\/a>\u662f\u5206\u6790\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8a72\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u7cfb\uff0cSellars \u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u9019\u5834\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u672c\u8eab\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u6839\u6e90\u65bc\u5c0d\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\uff08 \u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f G. E. Moore\uff0c1873-1958 \uff09\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u65e9\u671f\u66fe\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u4f54\u64da\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u540c\u6642 \uff0c\u8207 Gottlob Frege\uff081848-1925\uff09\u548c  \u201c\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5b78\u6d3e Vienna Circle\u201d \u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u9577\u548c\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u9818\u5148\u7684\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cSellars \u501f\u9452\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u6beb\u4e0d\u7336\u8c6b\u5730\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u6d41\u6d3e\u9032\u884c\u63a5\u89f8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207 Edmund Husserl\uff081859-1938\uff09\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78 \u201c\u62ec\u865f\u6cd5 bracketing\u201d \u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u5c0d Sellars \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Plato \u548c Aristotle \u7684\u9577\u671f\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u3001\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64 \uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c0d\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u5c01\u9589\uff0c\u5b83\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5c07\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u65a5\u70ba \u201c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9 mysticism\u201d\uff08 \u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u6a21\u7cca\u601d\u60f3 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cSellars \u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u8207\u4e3b\u6d41\u8da8\u52e2\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201cWilfrid Sellars and Buddhist Philosophy: Freedom from Foundations<\/a><\/em>\u201d\u00a0 \u9019\u500b\u6a19\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4fee\u8fad\u6cd5\u3002\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u986f\u793a\u53c8\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e3b\u7de8 Jay L. Garfield \u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u6240\u5beb\uff0cSellars \u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9a5a\u8a1d\u5730\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u548c\u8072\u8b7d\u201d\uff08 p ix \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u8a87\u5f35\u5730\u8aaa\uff1a\u5728\u4f5b\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cSellars \u4ecd\u7136\u4e26\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4fdd\u6301\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4f5b\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u5c0b\u6c42\u5f9e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0cSellars \u7121\u7591\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff08 \u5118\u7ba1\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u7684 \uff09\u5c0d\u8a71\u8005\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e Wilfrid Sellars \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u7576\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6559\u5b78\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u5c07 Sellars \u4f5c\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8a66\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c07 Sellars \u7684\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u4f5c\u70ba\u9032\u5165\u7576\u524d\u54f2\u5b78\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8de8\u8d8a\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Sellars \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u70ba\u9032\u5165\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jay L. Garfield \u662f Sellars \u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\u548c\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u5c07\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5e36\u7d66\u5927\u773e\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u984c\u8207 Sellars \u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7ae0\u7bc0 \u201cPhilosophy and the Scientific Image of Man\uff0c1962<\/em>\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\uff08 Science, Perception, and Reality<\/a><\/em>, Ridgeview Press, 1962\uff09\u548c \u201cEmpiricism and the Philosophy of Mind<\/em>\u201d\uff08 \u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba \u201cThe Myth of the Given \uff0c1956<\/em>\u201d\uff09\uff08 Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science,\u00a0Vol. 1, The Foundations of Science and the Concepts of Psychology and Psychoanalysis<\/a><\/em> , University of Minnesota Press, p 195 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c07\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u90e8\u5206\u7a81\u51fa\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a\u201cTwo Images and Two Truths\u201d \u548c \u201cThe Myth of the Given and Buddhist Philosophy of Mind\u201d\u00a0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e00\u822c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6709\u95dc\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5247\u6d89\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u548c\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002Sellars\u00a0\u5b78\u8005\u3001\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u7576\u4ee3\u4e92\u52d5\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5b\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u6703\u5c0d\u672c\u66f8\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u6709\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4e00\u662f Sheridan Hough \u548c Karl Schmid \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u4f5b\u6559\u6551\u4e16\u8ad6\u76ee\u6a19\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5247\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u70ba\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5c07\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7d0d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u4e26\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0d\u7a69\u56fa\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u958b\u59cb \u2500\u2500 \u8207\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b78\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u62d2\u7d55 \u2500\u2500 \u5fc3\u9748\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u80fd\u70ba\u529b\u7684\u526f\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f5b\u6559\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u5f97\u6559\u689d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7ae0\u70ba\u8003\u616e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u539f\u5247\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728 Monima Chadha \u95dc\u65bc\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u547c\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u5de8\u5927\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u8207\u5049\u5927\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u5b78\u5bb6\u9673\u90a3\uff08 Dignaga\uff09\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\uff08Dharmakirti\uff09\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u300c\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u300d\u5370\u5ea6\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7121\u5b97\u6559\u300d\u5c0d\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u627f\u8afe \u2014\u2014 \u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c07\u4f5b\u9640\u8996\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe \u2014\u2014 \u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6210\u70ba\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5834\u6240\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31 \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e2d\u89c0\u540c\u4e8b\u901a\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u4e8b\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u4ee5\u53ca\u585e\u62c9\u65af\u5f0f\u6279\u8a55\u5982\u4f55\u6311\u6230\u6211\u5011\u65e2\u5b9a\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u5165\u5fae\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7279\u5225\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f Catherine Prueitt \u548c Sonam Kachru \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u7169\u60f1\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6d89\u53ca\u77e5\u89ba\u4e2d\u7d66\u51fa\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8a71\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5340\u5206\u77e5\u89ba\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f86\u81ea\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u9d3b\u6e9d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u90fd\u540c\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u52a0 Jay L. Garfield \u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff08 p xii \uff09\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u4f5b\u6559\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u611f\u77e5\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u9019\u8207 Sellars \u7684\u907a\u7522\u76f8\u547c\u61c9\uff1a\u201c\u5c0d\u7d66\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e2d\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u97ff\u61c9\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6163\u4f8b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u4f5b\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206: Two Images and Two Truths<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilfrid Sellars \u5728 \u201cPhilosophy and the Scientific Image of Man<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5f9e\u5ee3\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684 \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf manifest image\u201d \u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u660e\u986f\u7684\u812b\u7bc0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u684c\u5b50\u548c\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf scientific image\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u5bb6\u5177\u7b49\u5927\u591a\u662f\u88ab\u80fd\u91cf\u9ede\u6253\u65b7\u7684\u7a7a\u66e0\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u554f\u984c\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u300c\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300d\uff08satyadvaya\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e4d\u770b\u90a3\u6a23\u660e\u986f\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d Sellars \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u4e26\u4e0d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5929\u771f\u7684\u3001\u9810\u5148\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u548c  \u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684 natural\u201d \u4e16\u754c\u89c0\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5 \u3002\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8b\u7269\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6311\u6230\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684 \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f \u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5e7b\u89ba\/\u73fe\u5be6\u6216\u76f8\u5c0d \/\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u6293\u4f4f Sellars \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f \u201c\u6e90\u81ea\u5047\u8a2d\u7406\u8ad6\u69cb\u5efa\u7684\u6210\u679c\u201d \uff08 \u201cPhilosophy and the Scientific Image of Man<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u3002Sellars \u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u50cf\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u300c\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300d\u89c0\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u5c0d Bas C. van Fraassen \u4f86\u8aaa\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684 ( \u201cThe Manifest Image and the Scientific Image \uff0c1999 <\/em>\u201d) \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u628a\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u9470\u5319\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u4f5b\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u300c\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300d\u89c0\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e2\u4e0d\u5229\u65bcSellars\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u5728\u65bc\u770b\u770b Sellars \u95dc\u65bc\u5169\u5716\u50cf\u8ad6\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u300c\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300d\u8ad6\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u63a8\u9032\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e82\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 \u201cWilfrid Sellars and Buddhist Philosophy<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u201cThe World in Which Everything is the Self: The Philosophy of the Original Image and Pan-Self-Ism\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u8c37\u76f4\u7d14\uff08Naozumi Mitani\uff09\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f Sellars \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7c21\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5716\u50cf\uff1a\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u5716\u50cf original image\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u672c\u8eab\u9996\u5148\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230 Sellars \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u4eba\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff1a\u6a39\u3001\u5929\u7a7a\u548c\u592a\u967d\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u53bb\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u7269\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u8a95\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u8207 Sellars \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728 Sellars \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e0d\u96e3\u767c\u73fe\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00 Edward Tylor\uff081832-1917\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u672a\u8a00\u660e\u7684\uff08 \u5118\u7ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u7684 \uff09\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5176\u7a81\u51fa\u5f37\u8abf\u539f\u59cb\u7684 \u201c\u842c\u7269\u6709\u9748\u8ad6 animism<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u4e09\u8c37\u5c0b\u6c42\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u6cdb\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u7fa9 Pan-Self-Ism \u4f86\u627e\u56de \u201c\u539f\u59cb\u5716\u50cf\u201d\uff0c\u6cdb\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u79aa\u5b97\u5c0e\u5e2b\u9053\u5143\uff08D\u014dgen\uff0c1200-1253\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u73fe\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u7e7c\u627f\u8005\u897f\u7530\u5e7e\u591a\u90ce\uff08Kitar\u014d Nishida\uff0c1870-1945\uff09 \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u89c0\u9ede\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u5730\u5411\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 Sellars \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c \u201cFoundations for a Meta physics of Pure Process<\/em>\u201d\uff08 pp 23-25 \uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u8457\u4f5c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7279\u5225\u5171\u9cf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u201cTwo Tables, Images, and Truths\u201d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005 Monima Chadha\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u5982\u4f55 \u201c\u878d\u5408 fused\u201d \u5f62\u6210\u55ae\u4e00\u64c1\u62b1\u8996\u5716\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u63a2\u7a76\u3002Chadha \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u771f\u7406\uff08sa\u1e43v\u1e5bti\uff09\u548c\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\uff08param\u0101rtha\uff09\u9019\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u4e2d\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u201c\u878d\u5408\u201d \u554f\u984c\u5c24\u5176\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7528 Sellars\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9762\u81e8\u8457<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u5176\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u7b49\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\u5e38\u5e38\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u617e\u671b\u548c\u885d\u52d5\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u6216\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u4efb\u52d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d \uff08\u201cPhilosophy and the Scientific Image of Man\u201d\uff0cp 564\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chadha \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u8207\u300a\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u300b\u7684\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4eba\u88ab\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\uff08\u6216\uff1a\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\uff09\u539f\u59cb\u73fe\u8c61\u3001\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\u4e2d\u7121\u8655\u53ef\u5c0b\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u514b\u670dChadha \u8a8d\u70ba\u6e90\u81ea Sellars \u7684\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u300c\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300d\u89c0\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5169\u5c64\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5979\u5efa\u8b70\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u6211\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u80fd\u5920\u8c50\u5bcc\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u4eba\u7d0d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u610f\u5716\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u7d0d\u5165\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u6216\u6700\u7d42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6559\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0ccetan\u0101\uff08\u601d\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u5b83\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u5217\u8209\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002 \u201d \uff08 p 41 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5979\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u7a76\u7adf\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e26\u4e0d\u62d2\u7d55\u610f\u5716\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u6700\u7d42\uff08\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\uff09\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u62d2\u7d55\u7d0d\u5165\u79d1\u5b78\u5f62\u8c61 \u201d\uff08 p 46 \uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u71c3\u7d20\uff1f\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u300c\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u300d\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6703\u62d2\u7d55 Chadha \u5728\u9019\u88e1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u601d\u60df\u7f6e\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e26\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5b\u6cd5\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u300a\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u300b\u5c07\u601d\u60df\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7684\u539f\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\uff08 \u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5b\u6cd5 \uff09\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7a76\u7adf\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u986f\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u8ad6\u8457\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u5fc3\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5206\u6790\u3002\uff08 \u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5927\u4e58\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u89c0\u6d3e\u548c\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u6d3e\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u62d2\u7d55\u627f\u8a8d\u65e9\u671f\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u8af8\u6cd5\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u5730\u4f4d \u3002\uff09\u5118\u7ba1 Chadha \u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u601d\u60f3\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u5176\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u5ba2\u89c0\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u5c0d\u5f85\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u4efb\u4f55\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u4f5b\u6cd5\u6d41\uff0c\u5373 santana \u89ba\u5bdf\u3002 \u4eba\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8ffd\u96a8 Pudgalav\u0101dins <\/a>\u6d3e\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u6216\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u662f Catherine Prueitt \u7684  \u201cIs There an Ideal Scientific Image? Sellars and Dharmak\u012brti on Levels of Reality\u201d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u4f5b\u6559\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u5927\u5e2b\u6cd5\u7a31\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8c\u8ae6\u6559\u7fa9\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u7a31\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u5be6\u76f8\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4eba\u76f8\u53cd Prueitt \u5805\u6301\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7d42\u6975\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7d42\u6975\u672c\u8eab\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d7\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6b63\u5982Prueitt \u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u6cd5\u7a31\u5c0d\u6b64\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u7a31\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u7d42\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u975e\u4e8c\u5143\u53cd\u8eab\u610f\u8b58\uff08svasamvedana<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5dee\u7570\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u57fa\u790e\u201d\uff08 p 56\uff09\u3002\u8207 Sellars \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u985e\u6bd4\u70ba\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Prueitt \u5728\u5979\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u50b3\u7d71\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u7121\u8ad6 \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u8b8a\u5f97\u591a\u9ebc\u7cbe\u7dfb\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u8207\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\uff08 p 61\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Douglas Duckworth \u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0  \u201cSellars and the Stereoscopic Vision of Madhyamaka\u201d \u4e2d \uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u897f\u85cf\u5c0e\u5e2b\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e2b\uff081357-1419\uff09\u5c0d\u4e8c\u8ae6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u89c0\u300b\u4e2d\u8207 Sellars \u7684\u6700\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002Duckworth \u7d93\u5e38\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u8207 Sellars \u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e2b\u770b\u4f86\uff0c \u201c\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7d50\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7e3d\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b78\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u672c\u8cea\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u4f5b\u6559\u5c0d\u5716\u50cf\u8abf\u548c\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u6975\u9650\u201d\uff08 p 73 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e2d\u89c0\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u4f5b\u9640\u5b8c\u5168\u8b49\u609f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f9e\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u4e0a\u6062\u5fa9\u5b83\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u5fc5\u9808\u8d95\u4e0a\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f8c\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u7269\u8cea\u4e16\u754c\u7d42\u6975\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u201c\u51fa\u65bc\u6e1b\u8f15\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u9858\u671b\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 [\u5b83]\u5047\u5b9a\u4f5b\u9640\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cSellars \u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u2026\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002 \u3002 \u3002\u201d\uff08 p 78 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0cDuckworth \u6839\u64da Prueitt \u5c0d\u6cd5\u7a31\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u5728\u4e2d\u89c0\u51dd\u8996\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005 Sellars \u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e2b\u5c0d\u4e16\u4fd7\u771f\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u201d\uff08 p 74 \uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u5982\u679c Sellars \u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4f5b\u6559\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f8c\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba Sellars \u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u7684\u8868\u9054\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u65b0\u4f5b\u6559 \u201c\u5167\u5728\u79d1\u5b78 inner science\u201d \u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u4f46\u5c07\u4f5b\u6559\u5c0d\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8996\u70ba Sellars \u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f3c\u4e4e\u524d\u666f\u6e3a\u832b\u3002\u770b\u4f86\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5169\u500b\u9762\u5411\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u9810\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f15\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u9593\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7d04\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8003\u616e Sellars \u7684\u5169\u500b\u5716\u8c61\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u5169\u7a2e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 Chadha \u57fa\u65bc\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\uff08Abhidharma\uff09\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\uff08Abhidharma\uff09\u7684\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u770b\u4f3c\u660e\u986f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u53ea\u662f\u5e7b\u8c61\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u64da Duckworth \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0cSellars \u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u7406\u8ad6\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u8207\u4f5b\u9640\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5177\u6709\u6551\u4e16\u5b78\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u9858\u666f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u300a\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u300b\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u6216\u5283\u5206\u7684\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u985e\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5341\u4e00\u7dad\u8d85\u5f26\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5b8c\u5584\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u6700\u7d42\u7406\u8ad6 \uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u8b8a\u5f97\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8b49\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u9748\u77e5\u548c\u514d\u65bc\u75db\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8abf\u548c Sellars \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6642\u770b\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u50c5\u6e90\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6e90\u65bc\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9023\u8cab\u6027\u3002Tom Tillemans \u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u201cDeflating the Two Images and the Two Truths: Bons baisers du Tibet\u201d \u4e2d\u63d0\u5021\u7684 \u201c\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6 deflationism\u201d \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u5373\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u6d88\u9664\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5728\u5b83\u6240\u6e90\u81ea\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e \u201c\u771f\u7406\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u89e3\u91cb\u6216\u5206\u6790 \u201c\u771f\u5be6\u201d \u7684\u503c\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff1b\u6216 \u201c\u5047\u201d \u88ab\u6b78\u56e0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u4e14\u50c5\u7576\u7334\u5b50\u5403\u9999\u8549\u6642\uff0c\u300c\u7334\u5b50\u5403\u9999\u8549\u300d\u624d\u70ba\u771f\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u5c6c\u6027\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6b78\u5c6c\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6839\u64da\u6846\u67b6\u4f86\u9650\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u771f\u7406\u9673\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u671b Tillemans \u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u5e7e\u9801\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u5167\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6377\u5f91\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u986f\u7136\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6307\u7a31\u7684\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5728\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7d66\u51fa\uff1a\u6307\u7a31 x iff n = x\uff08 p 89 \uff09\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457 \u201c\u7334\u5b50\u201d \u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u7334\u5b50\uff0c\u7576\u4e14\u50c5\u7576\u201c\u7334\u5b50\u201d=\u4e00\u96bb\u7334\u5b50\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u5947\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u9664\u5916\u6216\u5728\u5c0d\u300c=\u300d\u7684\u660e\u986f\u5947\u602a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0b\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6307\u7a31\u7d66\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u50f9\u503c \u3001\u610f\u5716\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4e86\u5145\u5be6 Sellars \u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136\u5b8c\u5168\u5ee2\u9664\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6700\u521d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u6027\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5fae\u5f31\u627f\u8afe\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u514c\u73fe\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c92\u6709\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u7d14\u8a9e\u610f\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc Tillemans\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u50cf\u300c\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u958b\u59cb\u6ed1\u5012\u627f\u8a8d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u591a\u9ebc \u201c\u5f31\u201d\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTillemans \u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u7dca\u7e2e \u201cT-\u8a9e\u53e5 T-statement\u201d \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u201c\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d’\u96ea\u662f\u767d\u7684’\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u4e14\u50c5\u7576\u96ea\u662f\u767d\u7684\u201d \uff08 p 90\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u660e\u78ba\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8072\u660e\u5c0d\u65bc\u82f1\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u80e1\u8a00\u4e82\u8a9e\u3002\u4f46\u6839\u64da Tillemans \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u6070\u6070\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5c0e\u81f4\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff08 pp 87-89 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 \uff0c\u5f9e\u4ed6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u770b\u51fa\u751a\u9ebc\u539f\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6846\u67b6\u5931\u63a7\u4e4b\u524d\u505c\u6b62\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6700\u7d42\u5fc5\u9808\u6d3e\u9063\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u6309\u7167\u6163\u4f8b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6cd5\u7a31\u8207\u6708\u7a31\u7684\u722d\u57f7\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u88ab Sa skya Pa\u1e47\u1e0dita\uff081182-1251\uff09\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u91cd\u65b0\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tillemans \u548c Duckworth \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6c42\u52a9\u65bc\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e2b\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u64fa\u812b\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4f46 Tillemans \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e2b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u201c\u771f\u7406\u662f\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\uff1b\u7fd2\u6163\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u500b\u771f\u7406\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u7406\u66f4\u6709\u6839\u64da\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u78ba\u7acb\u6216\u300e\u66f4\u771f\u5be6\u300f\u3002 \u53ea\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u201d \uff08 p 91 \uff09\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u80af\u5b9a\u8207\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5c0d\u4e16\u4fd7\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7d42\u6975 \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u4e16\u4fd7\u6240\u77e5 \u2014\u2014 \u7684\u8655\u7406\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u5fb5\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7d42\u6975\u8b49\u609f\u7684\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u5408\u4e8c\u70ba\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\uff0d\u5305\u62ec\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cTillemans \u4e5f\u8a31\u66f4\u95dc\u5fc3\u5411\u6211\u5011\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e2b\u61c9\u8a72\u6301\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6301\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u7121\u6cd5\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230 \u201c\u878d\u5408\u201d Sellars \u7684\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Chadha \u6b63\u78ba\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff08 p 46 \uff09\uff0cSellars \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u793e\u5340\u6709\u8457\u5343\u7d72\u842c\u7e37\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u3002 \u6b63\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cSheridan Hough \u7684 \u201cThe Ambience of Principles: Sellarsian Community and Ethical Intent\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Sellars \u601d\u60f3\u9019\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5b\u6559\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u6b64\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sheridan Hough \u5999\u5730\u5c07 Sellars \u5c0d\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u502b\u7406\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u8207\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u6bc6\u9678\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6 Husserl\u3001Heidegger \u548c Levinas \u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u5979\u9019\u6a23\u89e3\u91cb Sellars \u7684\u8a08\u756b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u986f\u7136\uff0c Sellars \u8a66\u5716\u6355\u6349\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c \u201c\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f way of being\u201d \uff1b \u8207 Heidegger \u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f \u2014\u2014 Dasein \u2014\u2014 \u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9084\u539f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u200b\u200b\u7a2e\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u63a2\u7d22\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u52aa\u529b\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u4fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u5be6\u9ad4\u4ee5\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u8207\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e26\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u6216\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u548c\u505a\u6cd5 \u3002 \u201d ( p 101 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Husserl \u5c0d \u201c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9593\u6027\u6216\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027 intersubjectivity\u201d \u548c \u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c lifeworld\u201d \uff08 p 103\uff09\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e5f\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5171\u9cf4\u3002Sellars \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5411\u5ea6\u8207 Levinas \u5c0d \u201c\u9130\u5c45 the neighbor\u201d \u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff08 p 104 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u7121\u79c1\u6559\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5 \u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u9673\u8154\u6feb\u8abf\u201d \u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5960\u5b9a Sellars \u7684 \u201c\u4ec1\u6148benevolence\u201d \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff08 p 105 \uff09 \u3002\u96d6\u7136\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u5df2\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u7121\u6839\u64da\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u7121\u79c1\u7406\u5ff5 \u2500\u2500 \u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u514c\u73fe\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5230\u5404\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede \u2500\u2500 \u65e2\u4e0d\u662f Sellars \u6240\u5021\u5c0e\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u5145\u5206\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u5206\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b63\u5982\u6700\u8fd1\u95dc\u65bc\u4f5b\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e86\u89e3\u4e26\u8a8d\u540c\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u300c\u4ed6\u4eba\u300d\uff08 \u4f8b\u5982\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4 \uff09\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u986f\u7136\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec1\u6148\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c Sheridan Hough \u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4e86 Sellars \u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u683c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u500b\u5834\u5408\u90fd\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u9019\u53e5\u683c\u8a00\uff08 p 105, p 109\uff09\u2014\u2014 \u201c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u798f\u7949\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u6bd4\u5c0d\u62bd\u8c61\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u627f\u8afe\u90fd\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u300c\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u5fc5\u7136\u5148\u65bc\u502b\u7406\u884c\u52d5\u300d\uff08 p 106 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6062\u5fa9\u4e86\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u8aa4\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8ddf\u96a8 Sellars \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7576\u6d89\u53ca\u4ec1\u6148\u7b49\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u611f\u6642\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u8a31\u591a\u689d\u4ef6\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u975e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u5584\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u6027\u5730\u8a55\u50f9\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u50c5\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u65e2\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u53c8\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u9069\u7576\u7684\u3002\u7406\u6027\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u5011\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6301\u4e45\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u4fee\u990a\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5049\u5927\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u540c\u6a23\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u4e00\u4f4d\u6148\u611b\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u4e26\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u6148\u611b\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7dad\u6301\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u4fee\u990a\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u7121\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8ac7\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u985e \u2014\u2014 \u6216\u8005\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\u6574\u500b\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e16\u754c \u2014\u2014 \u4ecd\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5929\u7136\u7684\u59d0\u59b9\u60c5\u8abc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7fa9\u52d9\u662f\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u8b00\u798f\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cHough \u5f37\u8abf\u793e\u7fa4\u5c0d Sellars \u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u5728 \u201cTwo Images and Two Truths\u201d \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u8ca2\u737b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u547c\u61c9\u3002Sellars \u5c07\u5176\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u5834\u6240\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u610f\u5716\u5c1a\u672a\u660e\u78ba\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u53cd\u6620\u4e86 Sellars \u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u6b64\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u662f\u7d66\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u6545\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u7576\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9664\u4e86\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6a19\u6e96\u4e4b\u5916\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u601d\u7dad\u6642\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u601d\u7dad\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7279\u5fb5\u5c31\u6703\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002 \u201d \uff08 \u201cPhilosophy and the Scientific Image of Man\u201d\uff0c p 551 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u96a8\u5f8c\u5728\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f7c\u6b64\u5171\u4eab\u793e\u5340\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u610f\u5716\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u539f\u5247\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\uff08 \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u548c\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u5247\u548c\u6a19\u6e96 \uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u610f\u5716\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u76f8\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8207\u4e4b\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u60c5\u6cc1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u5be6\u73fe\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u76f4\u63a5\u878d\u5165\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u3002 \u201d ( \u201cPhilosophy and the Scientific Image of Man\u201d\uff0cp 566 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u610f\u5716\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u69cb\u60f3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u982d\u8166\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684 \uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5411\u5916\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u958b\u5730\u900f\u904e\u8a00\u8a9e\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5c0d Sellars \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5e45\u5716\u666f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u985b\u5012\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u610f\u5716\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad4\u73fe\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8a5e\u8a9e\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u793e\u5340\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u5340\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u5340\u7684\u500b\u5225\u6210\u54e1\u9298\u8a18 \u3001\u5167\u5316\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u7684\u7fa3\u843d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8a34\u8af8\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u610f\u5716\u300d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u69cb\u6210\u793e\u5340\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5167\u5316\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u770b\u5230\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u4e2d\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u9032\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5f9e\u986f\u50cf\u4e2d\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\uff0cSellars \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u7d50\u5408\u300d\u624d\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u878d\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u8abf\u548c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u8868\u9054\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u9ad4 \u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u5f9e\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u95e1\u660e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u898b\uff0cSellars \u672c\u4eba\u65e2\u6c92\u6709\u5047\u8a2d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8072\u7a31\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u8def\u8207\u300a\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u300b\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u300c\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u5931\u6557\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u5728 Duckworth \u5c0d\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e2b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u771f\u7406\u8207 Sellars \u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff1b\u5b83\u6700\u597d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u660e\u986f\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u9054\u3002\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u8a66\u5716\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728 \u201c\u65b0\u4f5b\u6559\u201d \u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u53cd\u6620\u5728 Chadha \u91cd\u8907\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f46\u80af\u5b9a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5373\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u662f\u5f9e\u51a5\u60f3\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u6578\u64da\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u7522\u7269 ( p 38 )\u3002\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u6469\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u900f\u904e\u80cc\u8aa6\u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u7fa9\u4f86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u56de\u61b6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u5176\u65e8\u5728\u6307\u5c0e\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u8655\u7406\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u5c0d\u5176\u7279\u6709\u7684\u9ebb\u7169\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u5f85\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u5c07\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206Karl Schmid \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u8b8a\u5f97\u6e05\u6670\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1aThe Myth of the Given and Buddhist Philosophy of Mind<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jay Garfield \u7684 \u201cGivenness and Primal Confusion\u201d \u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d Sellars \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u6f84\u6e05 Sellars \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u7d66\u5b9a\u6027 givenness\u201d \u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u70ba Sellars \u4e0d\u50c5\u5c16\u92b3\u5730\u653b\u64ca\u4e86\u611f\u89ba\u6578\u64da\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u662f \u201c\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684 given\u201d \u9019\u4e00\u55ae\u8abf\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u5c07\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5167\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u7d66\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u6309\u7167 Descartes \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c07\u5176\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u4e0d\u53ef\u7cfe\u6b63\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6574\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u5927\u5ec8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u7528 Jay Garfield \u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u9019\u662f\u7d66\u5b9a\u795e\u8a71\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u6700\u8a98\u4eba\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002 \u9019\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684 \u201c\u6211\u57f7\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7121\u6211\u6559\u7fa9\u6240\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u201d\uff08 p 121 \uff09\u3002Garfield \u6a19\u984c\u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u539f\u59cb\u56f0\u60d1 primal confusion\u201d \u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684 \u201c\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u8fd1\u56e0 proximal cause of suffering\u201d\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u56f0\u60d1 primal confusion about the nature of reality\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7522\u751f\u4e86 \u201c\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u53ad\u60e1\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8907\u5408\u9ad4 the psychological complex of attraction and aversion\u201d \uff08 p 121 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 Jay Garfield \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u8005 Dign\u0101ga\u3001Dharmak\u012brti \u53ca\u5176\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u77ac\u6642\u7279\u5b9a\u7279\u5fb5\uff08svalak\u1e63a\u1e47a\uff09\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8207\u56f0\u64fe\u73fe\u4ee3\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d66\u5b9a\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u89e3\u8b80\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u89c0\u5927\u5e2b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u9f8d\u6a39\u548c\u6708\u7a31\uff0c\u662f Sellars \u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5c0d\u61c9\u7269\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u795e\u8a71\u7684\u53cd\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u9810\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Garfield \u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u985e\u6bd4\u7684\u8655\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u512a\u96c5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u5c55\u958b\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6cd5\u7a31\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u9700\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff08 p 116 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u611f\u77e5\uff08pratyak\u1e63a\uff09\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8207\u7d30\u7bc0\uff08\u611f\u5b98\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u77ac\u9593\u767c\u751f\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u63a8\u7406\uff08anum\u0101na\uff09\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u77e5\u8b58\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u201d \u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u78ba\u5be6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e86\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7576\u524d\u80cc\u666f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4f5b\u6559 pram\u0101\u1e47av\u0101dins \u78ba\u5be6\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u77e5\u89ba\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8207\u7d30\u7bc0\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u201d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\uff08j\u00f1\u0101na\uff09\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u5448\u73fe\u6216\u53cd\u8eab\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u77ac\u9593\uff0csvasamvedana\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u77e5\u89ba\u548c\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u9ede\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5c48\u670d\u65bc\u201c\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u6700\u8a98\u4eba\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u7248\u672c\u201d\uff1b \u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e2d\u89c0\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u80af\u5b9a\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u8b80\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u907f\u958b\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1b\u518d\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0a\u9762\u5f15\u7528\u7684 Prueitt \u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff1a\u201c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6[\u7d42\u6975\u7684\u3001\u975e\u4e8c\u5143\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6027\u8a8d\u77e5]\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5340\u5225 \u2014\u2014 \u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5dee\u7570\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u57fa\u790e\u201d\uff08 p 56 \uff09\u3002 \u5728\u9019\uff0c\u6cd5\u7a31\u8a66\u5716\u963b\u6b62\u5c07\u6709\u7de3\u73fe\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0a\u3002Garfield \u672c\u4eba\u5728\u8ac7\u5230\u7d42\u6975\u6642\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa \u201c\u6839\u64da\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u3002 \u3002 \u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u77e5\u89ba\u72c0\u614b\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u201d \uff08 p 128 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9084\u5fc5\u9808\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u7b49\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3b\u5f35 \u201c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u63a8\u7406\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u611f\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u201d\u3002 \u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u662f\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\uff08kalpan\u0101po\u1e0dha\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u63a8\u7406\u5247\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u50c5\u900f\u904e\u932f\u8aa4\uff08bhr\u0101nti\uff09\u8207\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u932f\u8aa4\u6240\u7834\u58de\u3002\u50cf\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u6bd4\u65e9\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u611f\u6027\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u91cf\u8ad6\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6d3e\u7cfb\u64c1\u8b77\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u7d93\u90e8\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Garfield \u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5728\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u7b49\u50b3\u7d71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u662f\u611f\u77e5(pratyak\u1e63a) \u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6280\u8853\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u88f8\u611f\u77e5\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7121\u4e2d\u4ecb\u76f4\u89ba\u300d\u6216\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan Arnold \u5728 \u201cGivenness as a Corollary to Non-Conceptual Awareness: Thinking About Thought in Buddhist Philosophy\u201d \u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c \u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u7b49\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u8005\u900f\u904e\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5c07\u77e5\u89ba\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u9ed8\u8a8d\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u666e\u901a\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89ba\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5176\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d14\u7cb9\u76f4\u89ba\u7684 \u201c\u77e5\u89ba\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457 Arnold \u6240\u8aaa\u7684  \u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6 epistemic idealism\u201d\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u5373\u6642\u6027\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 143 \uff09\u3002 \u5728 Dan Arnold \u770b\u4f86 \uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u70ba\u6cd5\u7a31\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8ad6\u8b49\u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u898f\u5247\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u8207\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u8a8d\u77e5\uff08 sahopalambhaniyama; 143-144\uff09\u3002\u53cd\u904e\u4f86 \uff0c\u9019\u53c8\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86 \u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u5148\u65bc\u5b58\u5728\u201d \u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528 Sellars \u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d66\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0cArnold \u7e3d\u7d50\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u64da\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff1b \u53ea\u662f\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u201d \uff08 p 145 \uff09\u3002Sellars \u5805\u6c7a\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u5148\u65bc\u8868\u8c61\u3002 \u7e7c Sellars \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cArnold \u5411Kant \u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u7b49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u5f35 \u201c\u53ea\u662f\u5c07\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8996\u70ba\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35\u5408\u7406\u76f8\u95dc\u201d \uff08 p 146\uff09\u3002 \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u4ee5\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0cArnold \u8f49\u800c\u601d\u8003\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5f85\u6982\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52d5\u662f\u6070\u7576\u7684\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\u4ed6\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684 apoha \u5b78\u8aaa\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u6392\u9664\u300d\uff08 pp 146-150 \uff09\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5148\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u5411\u6211\u5011\u5c55\u793a\u9019\u662f \u201c\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u201d\uff08 p 147 \uff09\u3002\u5728\u8ad6\u8b49\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6642\uff0cArnold \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0capoha \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u63d0\u4f9b\u601d\u60f3\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u96a8\u5f8c\u65b7\u8a00\u9019\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5ff5\u8ad6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u7522\u751f . \u3002 \u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u73fe\u8c61\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u6392\u9664\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\u601d\u8003\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5177\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u5716\u50cf \u3002\u201d ( p 148) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u9019\u5c31\u50cf\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc apoha \u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7522\u751f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u9054\u5230\u300c\u5177\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c apoha \u65e2\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4f34\u96a8\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f apoha \u5b78\u8aaa\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u6982\u5ff5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6db5\u84cb \u2014\u2014 \u800c\u4e14\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u6db5\u84cb\u9019\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5c0d\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\u4ecd\u7136\u540c\u6a23\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9d3b\u6e9d\u6070\u6070\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u8b0e\u984c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u56f0\u64fe\u8457\u6211\u5011\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5426\u5c6c\u65bc\u5927\u8166\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u786c\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u5426\u5f15\u5c0e\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff1f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6392\u9664\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\uff1b\u5118\u7ba1\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9593\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u8868\u9054\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u7522\u7269\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u4ee5\u53ca Sellars \u4e5f\u6703\u80af\u5b9a\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u95dc\u65bc\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u6545\u4e8b\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u300c\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u300d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6027\u60c5\uff08v\u0101san\u0101s\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9019\u6240\u986f\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u89c0\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u9673\u90a3\u548c\u6cd5\u7a31\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u6982\u5ff5\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u767c\u751f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6027\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u95dc\u6ce8\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u4e0a\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002Arnold \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f5b\u6559\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8207 Sellars \u7684\u61f7\u7591\u767c\u751f\u885d\u7a81\uff0cSellars \u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e8b\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u7121\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u975e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e8b\u5be6\u201d\u3002 \u3002 \u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u6982\u5ff5\u9806\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d\uff08 p 150 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u64ec\u8b70\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keya Maitra\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff0c\u201cDign\u0101ga and Sellars: Through the Lens of Privileged Access\u201d \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Sonam Kachru\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff0c\u201cWho\u2019s Afraid of Non-Conceptuality? Rehabilitating Dig\u1e45\u0101ga\u2019s Distinction Between Perception and Thought\u201d \u8207 Garfield \u548cArnold \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9673\u90a3\u548c Sellars \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u8981\u5c0f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9673\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf Sellars \u6240\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cMaitra \u548c Kachru \u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u537b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5c07 Sellars \u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u9673\u90a3\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u6697\u793a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u2026 \u3002 \u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5c07\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u9673\u90a3\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u9060\u4e0d\u5982 Descartes \u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Sellars \u7684 \u201c\u7d66\u5b9a\u795e\u8a71\u201d \u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f7f\u5176\u986f\u5f97\u201d\uff08 p 157 \uff09\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c Sellars \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9673\u90a3\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5206\u6b67 \u201c\u4e0d\u53d7 Sellars \u5c0d\u7d66\u5b9a\u795e\u8a71\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u201d\uff08 pp 172-173 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc Sellars \u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u9673\u90a3\u3002 \u9019\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1apratyak\u1e63a\uff08 \u201c\u77e5\u89ba\u201d\uff0c\u9673\u90a3\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c \uff09\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u67d0\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u5224\u65b7\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5224\u65b7\u5c07\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b83 Sellars \u6240\u8cea\u7591\u7684 \u201c\u7d66\u5b9a\u6027 givenness\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9673\u90a3\u7684 \u201cPram\u0101\u1e47asamuccaya<\/a> (Compendium of Valid Cognition)<\/em><\/strong>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6bb5\u843d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc pratyak\u1e63a (\u73fe\u91cf) \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u7b2c\u516b\u8a69\u7bc0\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u81ea\u52d5\u8a3b\u91cb\u3002 \u5728\u670d\u90e8 Hattori \u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u8a8d\u77e5\u672c\u8eab\u7a31\u70ba\u300cpram\u0101\u1e47a (\u91cf)\u300d\uff08\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83[\u901a\u5e38]\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5305\u62ec[\u8a8d\u77e5]\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u50cf\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u90a3\u6a23\u627f\u8a8d\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff08pram\u0101\u1e47a-phala\uff09\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u624b\u6bb5\uff08 pram\u0101\u1e47a\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c[\u56e0\u6b64]\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5305\u62ec[\u8a8d\u77e5]\uff08savy\u0101para\uff09\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u96b1\u55bb\u5730\u7a31\u70ba \u201cpram\u0101\u1e47a\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8a8d\u77e5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83[ \u6700\u7d42\u4f86\u8aaa] \u7f3a\u4e4f\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08vy\u0101p\u0101ra\uff09\u3002( Masaaki Hattori, \u201cDignaga on Perception\u201d ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55 \u201c\u96b1\u55bb\u5730 metaphorically\u201d \u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u4ed6\u7684\u8cc7\u683c \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u521d\u7684\u300c\u611f\u77e5\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u300c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6d3b\u52d5\u300d\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u3002\u4f46\u5c07 pratyak\u1e63a \u89e3\u91cb\u70ba \u201c\u77e5\u89ba\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u9673\u90a3\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u3001\u60f0\u6027\u7684\uff08\u300c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6d3b\u52d5\u300d\uff09\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u611f\u89ba\u300d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f Sellars \u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684 \u201c\u7d66\u5b9a\u201d\uff1b \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 \u201c\u7d50\u679c\u8a8d\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u78ba\u5be6\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u7d66\u5b9a\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMaitra \u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u9673\u90a3\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6697\u793a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7247\u6bb5\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u7d66\u4e88\u6027\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u5916\u89c0\u662f\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9673\u90a3\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f Sellars \u653b\u64ca\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1b \u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u70ba\u8a8d\u77e5\u57fa\u790e\u201d\uff08 p 169 \uff09\u3002Kachru \u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u9673\u90a3\u5c07\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u9694\u96e2\u4e0d\u50c5\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9677\u5165\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u719f\u6089\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u5167\u5bb9\u8f49\u5411\u6982\u5ff5\u5167\u5bb9\u201d\uff08 p 184 \uff09 \u3002\u9673\u90a3\u95dc\u65bc\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u8a8d\u77e5\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u5f9e\u975e\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u790e\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u300c\u8209\u63aa\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u7ae0\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u8207\u524d\u4eba\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7684\u80cc\u96e2\u3002\u5728 \u201cKnowing How to See the Good: Vipa\u015byan\u0101 in Kamala\u015b\u012bla\u2019s The Process of Mediation\u201d \u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cKarl Schmid \u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca \u201c\u7d66\u5b9a\u795e\u8a71\u201d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u4f5b\u6559\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u51a5\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u4f5b\u6559\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002Schmid \u8457\u773c\u65bc\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u84ee\u82b1\u6212\u8ad6\u5e2b\u5c0d\u5167\u89c0\uff08vipa\u015byanana\uff09\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\uff0c\u6216\u73fe\u5728\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684 \u201c\u5167\u89c0\u51a5\u60f3 insight meditation\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a \u201c\u5167\u89c0\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5979\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5167\u89c0\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 206 \uff09\u3002\u51a5\u60f3\u7df4\u7fd2\u662f\u53d7\u6559\u7fa9\u6307\u5c0e\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3002 \u800c\u6559\u7fa9\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u300a\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u6240\u56de\u9867\u7684\u4f5b\u9640\u6559\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6574\u7406\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002Tillemans \u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5df4\u5229\u8a9e\u8ad6\u85cf\uff08Abhidhammapi\u1e6daka\uff09\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4e8c\u8ae6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08 p 82 \uff09\u4f7f\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0cKarl Schmid \u6709\u8da3\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 Sellars \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cScientific Realism or Irenic Instrumentalism\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Sellars \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u901a\u904e\u9996\u5148\u89c0\u5bdf\u96f2\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2 \u201c\u770b\u5230\u201d \u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08 p 207 \uff09\u3002\u65b0\u624b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5716\u6848\u505a\u51fa\u9069\u7576\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86 \u201c\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u523a\u6fc0-\u53cd\u61c9\u8abf\u7bc0\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6 \u201c\u5c07\u9264\u72c0\u84b8\u6c23\u5c3e\u8de1\u8996\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u8e2a\u8de1\u201d\uff08 p 209 \uff09\u3002Schmid \u5728\u601d\u8003\u4f5b\u6559\u51a5\u60f3\u6642\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u624b\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u7fd2\u6163\u76f4\u63a5\u5efa\u69cb\u6216\u904b\u7528 \u2018\u7a7a emptiness\u2019 \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\uff08 p 210 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u8207\u51a5\u60f3\u4f5c\u70ba \u201c\u5167\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u201d \u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u900f\u904e\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u633d\u6551\u4f5b\u6559\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d93\u9a57\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf Sellars \u7684\u65b0\u624b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u51a5\u60f3\u7df4\u7fd2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba\u78ba\u8a8d\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u60f3\u60f3\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u6b23\u8cde\u5230\u5df4\u8d6b\u7121\u4f34\u594f\u5927\u63d0\u7434\u7d44\u66f2\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u5b78\u6703\u4e86\u8046\u807d\u5b83\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u5c0d\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u52aa\u529b\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u6b23\u8cde\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u3002 \u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u8046\u807d\u5df4\u54c8\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u97f3\u6a02\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u89c0\u770b\u96f2\u7aef\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u54c1\u5473\u300d\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u5b78\u7fd2\u5728\u5167\u89c0\u4e2d\u611f\u77e5\u7a7a\u6027\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u770b\u5230\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u807d\u5230\u5df4\u54c8\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Doctor \u7684 \u201cMr. Jones and the Surpluses of Reality\u201d \u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u4f5b\u6559\u6551\u4e16\u8ad6\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u7121\u77e5\u3001\u53d7\u82e6\u773e\u751f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u89ba\u9192\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\uff1f \u5728 Sellars \u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0cThomas Doctor \u8a66\u5716\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u96e3\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSellars \u7684\u795e\u8a71\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u5fc5\u7136\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u5f0f\u8a9e\u610f\u516c\u793e\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4efb\u4f55\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u641c\u5c0b\u5ba2\u9ad4\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u5c07\u7a7a\u624b\u800c\u6b78\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5ba2\u9ad4\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u5730\u5b58\u53d6\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u6191\u85c9\u4e00\u500b\u672c\u8eab\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5834\u3002\u201d ( p 224 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528 \u201c\u7d14\u7cb9\u73fe\u5be6\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6d41\u51fa\u201d\uff08dharmadh\u0101tuvi\u015buddha-ni\u015byanda\uff09\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u89e3\u653e\u958b\u609f\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u611a\u6627\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u7528 Thomas Doctor \u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5047\u8a2d\u88ab\u62d6\u5165\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u6551\u4e16\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u7684\u81e8\u6642\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u3001\u96c6\u9ad4\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u3001\u59cb\u7d42\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9818\u57df\u7684\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u201d\uff08 p 230 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u4f5b\u6559\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5f62\u8c61<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5c55\u793a\u611f\u89ba\u4e0a\u5c07 Sellars \u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u904e\u5ea6\u5f37\u8abf\u660e\u986f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u884c\u70ba\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0d\u8c61\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Jay L. Garfield \u65b7\u8a00 \u201c\u4f5b\u6559\u5b78\u8005\u5728 Sellars \u8eab\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u89c0\u50b3\u7d71\u6240\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u8a6e\u91cb\u8005\u201d( p xii )\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d Sellars \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5f9e\u4f5b\u6559\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\u6216\u6c92\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\u8868\u9054\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002Sellars \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8b49\u660e\u4e86 \u201c\u601d\u8003\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5b\u6559\u6d41\u6d3e\u6b65\u8abf\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u60f3\u50cf\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u8aaa\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u6311\u6230\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5b8c\u5584\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5169\u8005\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e0d\u662f \u201cWilfrid Sellars and Buddhist Philosophy: Freedom from Foundations\u201d  \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u5c0d\u8abf\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5099\u53d7\u71b1\u6367\u5730\u5c07\u4f5b\u6559\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u77e5\u8b58\u8def\u5f91\u78ba\u5be6\u5f7c\u6b64\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0a\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff0cSellars \u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5c07 \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u548c \u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u201d \u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u601d\u8003\u5b83\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf Sellars \u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u6240\u6301\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7684\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u9ede\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWilfrid Sellars and Buddhist Philosophy: Freedom from Foundations\u201d  \u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u532f\u96c6\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u95dc\u6bd4\u8f03\u54f2\u5b78\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u503c\u5f97\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u4f5c\u58ee\u3002\u9019\u66f8\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u767c\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002Wilfrid Sellars \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\u4e14\u722d\u8ad6\u5fae\u5999\u3002\u201cWilfrid Sellars and Buddhist Philosophy<\/em>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u672c\u7570\u5e38\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u54f2\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5ee3\u5927\u8b80\u8005\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u591a\u9ebc\u62bd\u50cf\u6216\u9ad8\u5c1a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u908a\u754c\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u88dc\u5145\u6027\u7684\u8abf\u7bc0\u6216\u770b\u5f85\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u4f86\u5354\u5546\u548c\u5275\u9020\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Wilfrid Sellars\uff081912-1989\uff09\u662f\u5206\u6790\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8a72\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u7cfb\uff0cSellars \u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u9019\u5834\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u672c\u8eab\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u6839\u6e90\u65bc\u5c0d\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\uff08 \u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f G. E. Moore\uff0c1873-1958 \uff09\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u65e9\u671f\u66fe\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u4f54\u64da\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u540c\u6642 \uff0c\u8207 Gottlob Frege\uff081848-1925\uff09\u548c  \u201c\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5b78\u6d3e Vienna Circle\u201d \u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u9577\u548c\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u9818\u5148\u7684\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cSellars \u501f\u9452\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u6beb\u4e0d\u7336\u8c6b\u5730\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u6d41\u6d3e\u9032\u884c\u63a5\u89f8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207 Edmund Husserl\uff081859-1938\uff09\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78 \u201c\u62ec\u865f\u6cd5 bracketing\u201d \u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u5c0d Sellars \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Plato \u548c Aristotle \u7684\u9577\u671f\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u3001\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64 \uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c0d\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u5c01\u9589\uff0c\u5b83\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5c07\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u65a5\u70ba \u201c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9 mysticism\u201d\uff08 \u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u6a21\u7cca\u601d\u60f3 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cSellars \u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u8207\u4e3b\u6d41\u8da8\u52e2\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201cWilfrid Sellars and … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2mJ","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9097"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9098,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9097\/revisions\/9098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}