{"id":9101,"date":"2023-10-08T16:54:32","date_gmt":"2023-10-08T16:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9101"},"modified":"2023-10-08T23:44:48","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T23:44:48","slug":"indexicalism-realism-and-the-metaphysics-of-paradox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/10\/08\/indexicalism-realism-and-the-metaphysics-of-paradox\/","title":{"rendered":"Indexicalism: Realism and the Metaphysics of Paradox"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u7e3d\u611b\u601d\u8003\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c24\u751a\u3002\u65bc\u5df4\u897f Brasilia \u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u800c\u540c\u6642\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u548c\u88dd\u7f6e\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684 Hilan Bensusan \u4f86\u8aaa\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 \u4e00\u7a2e\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u73fe\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u800c\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u9673\u8a2d\u662f\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5be6\u9ad4\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u5f15\u5165\u5c07 Emmanuel L\u00e9vinas&nbsp;\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u904e\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u7d42\u662f \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916 the Great Outdoors\u201d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7a2e\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u4ecb\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba Alfred North Whitehead \u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u662f\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f Hilan Bensusan \u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u662f\u6096\u8ad6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6279\u5224\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002Bensusan \u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede \u2014\u2014 \u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\uff0cQuentin Meillassoux \u4e4b\u70ba \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916 the Great Outdoors\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u6216\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u611f\u77e5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7e3d\u9ad4\u7684\u6236\u5916\u4e0d\u53ef\u9084\u539f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5c3e\u8072\u4e2d\uff0cBensusan \u5728\u5c0d\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5c71\u8108 Potosi \u907a\u5740\u548c \u201c\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u723e\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u4e9e\u8607\u5c3c\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712 Yasuni National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon\u201d \u907a\u5740\u7684\u6c89\u601d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u6fc0\u9032\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5728\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Bensusan \u540c\u6a23\u719f\u6089\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4ed6\u9080\u8acb\u4e86 Levinas\u3001Whitehead \u5916\uff0c\u9084\u9032\u800c\u6709 Martin Heidegger\u3001Saul Kripke&nbsp;\u3001&nbsp;Gilles Deleuze\u3001, Jacques Derrida\u3001Silvia Benso\u3001Graham Harman\u3001&nbsp;Tristan Garcia\u3001&nbsp;Jon Cogburn\u3001John McDowell\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u9762\u3001\u5c0d\u65bc\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u5f37\u52a0\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5177\u6709\u8b8a\u9769\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9 indexicalism\u201d \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u751a\u9ebd\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hilan Bensusan \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u7d42\u6700\u597d\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u9054 indexical expressions \u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982&nbsp;\u2018\u9019\u88cf\u2019\u3001\u2018\u4f60\u2019\u3001\u2018\u73fe\u5728\u2019\u3001\u2018\u5916\u90e8\u2019\u3001\u2018\u76f8\u540c\u2019  \u6216  \u2018\u5176\u4ed6\u2019\u3002 \u50cf\u662f &nbsp;\u2018\u6c34\u2019\u3001\u2018\u6a39\u2019\u300c\u6728\u300d\u3001\u2018\u91d1\u661f\u2019\u3001\u6216 \u20182021 \u5e74\u2019  \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b83\u5011\u96b1\u542b\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u624d\u9069\u5408\u601d\u8003\u4e8b\u7269 \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7e2e\u5beb\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u201c\u5145\u6eff\u90a3\u500b\u6e56\u548c\u90a3\u500b\u74f6\u5b50\u7684\u53ef\u98f2\u7528\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9019\u500b\u661f\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7da0\u8272\u7269\u9ad4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6668\u661f\u548c\u9ec3\u660f\u4e4b\u661f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4eca\u5e74\u201d \u6216 \u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u548c\u90a3\u500b\u908a\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u9054\u5f0f\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u7729\u6688\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5b8c\u5168\u8655\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8072\u7a31\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u6700\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u9673\u8a2d\uff0c\u5c31\u8655\u65bc\u8207\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u89c0\u9ede\u6216\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u89c0\u5ff5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6096\u8ad6\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5947\u602a\u7684\u3001\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u662f\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3001\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5b83\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8655\u5883\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u8655\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u6216\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5047\u8a2d\u7121\u8ad6\u8eab\u5728\u4f55\u8655\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4efb\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5f97\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5f9e\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u807d\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8a5e\u5f59\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0d\u80fd\u6191\u7a7a\u89c0\u5bdf \u2500\u2500 \u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684 \u2500\u2500 \u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u4e26\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u89c0\u770b\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6070\u6070\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 \u2018\u5916\u90e8 outside\u2019 \u6216 \u2018\u5176\u4ed6 other\u2019 \u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7531\u7d22\u5f15\u5851\u9020\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u7e3d\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u500b \u2018\u5916\u90e8\u2019\u3002 \u5916\u5728\u662f\u4f4d\u65bc\u5c0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u63cf\u8ff0\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6236\u5916\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6839\u64da \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\uff08\u60c5\u5883\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u514d\u53d7\u6236\u5916\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6096\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u786c\u50b7 \u2500\u2500 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f9e Jon Cogburn \u767c\u5c55\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6096\u8ad6\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 \u2500\u2500 \u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c07\u4ed6\u8005\u8996\u70ba\u4ed6\u8005\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6096\u8ad6\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u662f\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u78ba\u4fdd\u5c0d\u65b9\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba \u2500\u2500 Emmanuel Levinas \u80cc\u96e2\u4e86 Edmund Husserl \u7684\uff08\u4e00\u5143\u8ad6\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684 \u201c\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5021\u5c0e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u52aa\u529b \u2500\u2500 \u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u754c\u9650\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u4ed6\u8005\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u672c\u8cea \u3002\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u5728\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u627f\u8a8d\u4e8b\u7269\u6574\u9ad4\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff1a\u7576\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u4e2d\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e8b\u7269\u8b8a\u5f97\u900f\u660e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c31\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07 Levinas \u7684\u59ff\u614b\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6975\u9650\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u89e3\u6c7a\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c0\u9ede\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Graham Harman \u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u3002\u90a3\u88cf\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u9000\u7e2e\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u76f2\u9ede\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0d\u540c\u4e26\u9003\u907f\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u9019\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u9084\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 \u2500\u2500 \u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u4e8b\u7269\u8b8a\u5f97\u900f\u660e\u7684\u4f01\u5716 \u2500\u2500 \u90fd\u5f9e\u5167\u90e8\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alfred North Whitehead \u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u885d\u52d5\u8207 Emmanuel Levinas \u7684\u502b\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u8a66\u5716\u5c07 Alfred North Whitehead \u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u885d\u52d5\u8207 Emmanuel Levinas \u7684\u502b\u7406\u7126\u9ede\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002Whitehead \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u8a31\u591a\u9818\u57df\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u751f\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002Hilan Bensusan \u8a8d\u70ba Whitehead \u662f Deleuze&nbsp;\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f86\u6e90 \u2500\u2500 \u5f9e\u5148\u9a57\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5230\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c Deleuze&nbsp;\u8207 Whitehead \u6240\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u51f8\u986f\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc Deleuze&nbsp;\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c31\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8ff7\u9727\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u501f\u9452 Levinas \u548c Whitehead \u2500\u2500 \u4ee5\u53ca\u9593\u63a5\u501f\u9452 Derrida \u548c Deleuze \u2500\u2500  \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u8a66\u5716\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5167\u5728\u5f62\u50cf\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u7b49\u7d1a\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8d85\u8d8a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Whitehead \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u3002Whitehead \u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9069\u7576\u5730\u6539\u7de8\uff0c\u70ba\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u5c0d\u65bc Levinas \u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u5f37\u70c8\u62d2\u7d55\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u4f8b\u5916\u8ad6\u3002\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0cWhitehead \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0 \u2500\u2500 \u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5373\u611f\u77e5\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bd4\u95dc\u4fc2\u66f4\u666e\u904d \u2500\u2500 \u9069\u5408 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 Levinas \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u3002\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u76f8\u9047\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f6e\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4e2d\u65b7\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u805a\u5408\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u4e2d\u65b7\uff1aWhitehead \u5c0d\u5167\u5728\u6027\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u7121\u6cd5\u5047\u8a2d\u9019\u7a2e\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8b70\u7a0b\u90fd\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u6236\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u66f4\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u6240\u5b8c\u5168\u6db5\u84cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u61f7\u7279\u6d77\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f \u201c\u7acb\u5834 locus standi\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u7ad9\u7acb\u4f4d\u7f6e standing location\u3002Whitehead \u8072\u7a31\u4efb\u4f55\u6e2c\u91cf\u90fd\u8207\u7ad9\u7acb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u95dc\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u624d\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u597d\u5730\u6e2c\u91cf\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u6e2c\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u8207\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7121\u95dc\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d04\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5224\u65b7 \u2500\u2500 \u5305\u62ec\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027 \u2500\u2500 \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6e2c\u91cf\u4f86\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u4efb\u610f\u6216\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u7acb\u5834\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u6b64\u8209\u8207 Karen Barad \u5728\u5617\u8a66\u6062\u5fa9 Niels Bohr \u6e2c\u91cf\u5100\u5668\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6642\u6240\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002Barad \u4e5f\u660e\u78ba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6191\u7a7a\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7ad9\u7acb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7d44\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u6027 importance\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u9644\u5728\u5c0d\u611f\u89ba\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u4e0a\u3002\u7d93\u9a57\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u8207\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8207\u611f\u77e5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u95dc\uff1a\u6839\u64da Whitehead \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u77e9\u9663\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u3001\u5c0d\u8a71\u70ba\u4ee5\u524d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e9\u9663\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u71b1\u60c5\u597d\u5ba2 hospitality\u300d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u77e5\u529b\u672c\u8eab\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8abf\u7bc0\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u843d\u5730\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5 \u2500\u2500 \u7acb\u5834\u6982\u5ff5 &nbsp;locus standi&nbsp;\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6982\u5ff5 \u2500\u2500 \u8aaa\u660e\u4e86 Whitehead \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u8c50\u5bcc\u3002 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u5229\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u4f86\u63a8\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8207 Whitehead \u672c\u4eba\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Levinas \u8207 Derrida<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81f3\u65bc Levinas \u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u53c3\u8207\u00a0Derrida \u5728 \u201c<em>Violence and Metaphysics<\/em>\u201d ( Derrida, \u201c<em>Violence and Metaphysics<\/em>\u201d pp. 97-192, \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Writing-Difference-Jacques-Derrida-ebook\/dp\/B08ZKZ7T7Y\/ref=sr_1_5?crid=4KQKMV6TL6J2&amp;keywords=Writing+and+Difference&amp;qid=1696807684&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=writing+and+difference%2Cdigital-text%2C597&amp;sr=1-5\">Writing and\u00a0Difference<\/a><\/em>\u201d ) \u4e2d\u5c0d Levinas \u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6279\u5224\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc Derrida\u00a0\u8cbb\u76e1\u5fc3\u601d\u5c07\u5e0c\u81d8\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba Husserl \u548c Heidegger\u00a0\u8207 Levinas \u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c Levinas \u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5e36\u8457\u53e3\u97f3\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002Derrida \u6700\u7d42\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u64f4\u5c55\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u9054\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cLevinas \u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u8868\u9054\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\u9060\u96e2\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002Levinas \u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e26\u4e0d\u5e73\u975c\uff1a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u6574\u500b\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ed6\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u6096\u8ad6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u503c\u5f97\u64f4\u5c55\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u70ba\u795e\u8056\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u9a30\u51fa\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a\u70ba\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u70ba\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Derrida\u00a0\u6df1\u53d7 Levinas \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u6709\u6642\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6642\u5019\u66f4\u660e\u986f\u3002\u8af8\u5982\u8207\u5b8c\u5168\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684 \u201c\u75d5\u8de1 trace\u201d\u00a0\u3001\u5f9e\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u904e\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u7dca\u8feb\u4e14\u4e0d\u88ab\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u7591\u96e3\u6b63\u7fa9\u7b49\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u9019\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\uff0cDerrida\u00a0\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00 60 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u51fa\u73fe\u5728 Levinas  1974 \u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Otherwise-Essence-Martinus-Nijhoff-Philosophy-ebook\/dp\/B00FDWF18G\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=E3UFTEPU2IAR&amp;keywords=Otherwise+than+Being%2C+or%2C+Beyond+Essence&amp;qid=1696807717&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=otherwise+than+being%2C+or%2C+beyond+essence%2Cdigital-text%2C259&amp;sr=1-1\">Otherwise than Being, or, Beyond Essence<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u3002\u300c\u5728\u8aaa\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5df2\u8aaa\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede \u2500\u2500 \u9019\u662fLevinas\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u958b\u5834\u59ff\u614b \u2500\u2500 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u89e3\u69cb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c Derrida\u00a0\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8207 Levinas \u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f88\u96e3\u7406\u89e3 Derrida\u3002 \u9019\u5834\u5c0d\u8a71\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7cbe\u5f69\u77ac\u9593\uff0c \u201c<em>Violence and Metaphysics<\/em>\u201d \u2500\u2500 \u4e00\u7bc7 20 \u4e16\u7d00 60 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u6587\u5b57 \u2500\u2500 \u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f Levinas \u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c0d Levinas \u548cHusserl \u4e4b\u9593\u6469\u64e6\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6b23\u8cde\uff0c\u4f46\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Indexicalism-Hilan-Bensusan-ebook\/dp\/B0C151RCN3\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=41YXWTE6HXU3&amp;keywords=Indexicalism%3A+Realism+and+the+Metaphysics+of+Paradox&amp;qid=1696783790&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=indexicalism+realism+and+the+metaphysics+of+paradox%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C493&amp;sr=1-1\">Indexicalism: Realism and the Metaphysics of Paradox<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 Derrida\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc Derrida \u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u8a0e\u6703 \u201c<em>The Beast and the Sovereign<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 D. H. Lawrence \u7684\u8a69 \u00a0\u201c<em>\u86c7 Snake<\/em>\u201d\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6 Levinas \u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u8207\u9762\u5b54\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b ( p 117 )\u3002Derrida \u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8996\u904e\u81c9\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u8a66\u5716\u64f4\u5c55 Levinas \u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002Silvia Benso \u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u81c9\u90e8\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5448\u73fe\u3001\u5916\u89c0\u3001\u63ed\u5e55\u7b49\uff09\u9023\u63a5 Levinas \u548c Heidegger \u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c07 Levinas \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u81c9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5c07\u611f\u77e5\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73fe\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1b\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7e3d\u662f\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7834\u58de\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\u3002\u611f\u5b98\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u88dc\u5145\u662f\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Derrida \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u88dc\u5145\u908f\u8f2f\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u88dc\u5145\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5ef6\u7e8c\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u4ee5\u524d\u770b\u4f3c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6771\u897f\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u5145\u5206\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u975e\u55ae\u8abf\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u9700\u8981\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u611f\u77e5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u5c0d\u81c9\u5b54\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 <strong>the metaphysics of the others<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95dc\u65bc Levinas \u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u4ed6\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5177\u6709\u7121\u9650\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u6216\u300c\u53e6\u985e\u300d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u300d\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0cLevinas \u9084\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7d14\u7cb9\u4eab\u53d7\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u7684 \u201c\u5f7c\u5cb8 hither side\u201d\u3002 \u9019\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b Levinas \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684 Levinas\u3002Tom Sparrow \u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Levinas-Unhinged-Tom-Sparrow-ebook\/dp\/B00D3IP4D4\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2GQWH84BNN0F5&amp;keywords=Levinas+Unhinged&amp;qid=1696807751&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=levinas+unhinged%2Cdigital-text%2C259&amp;sr=1-1\">Levinas Unhinged<\/a><\/em>\u201d\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Levinas \u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u800c Levinas \u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8457\u4f5c \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Escape-l%C3%A9vasion-Cultural-Memory-Present\/dp\/0804741409\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2TNSNYGLGWWIT&amp;keywords=On+Escape%3A+De+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9vasion&amp;qid=1696807778&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=on+escape+de+l+%C3%A9vasion%2Cdigital-text%2C265&amp;sr=1-1\">On Escape: De l\u2019\u00e9vasion<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u617e\u671b\u3001\u8a98\u60d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0dHenri Bergson \u7684\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8207 Deleuze \uff08\u548c Guattari\uff09\u8ce6\u683c\u7dda the line of fugue \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u806f\u7e6b \u2500\u2500 \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Thousand-Plateaus-Capitalism-Schizophrenia\/dp\/0816614024\">A Thousand Plateaus<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u9003\u96e2\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6216\u53d7\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u662f\u7684\uff1b\u5c0d\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u5230\u53ad\u5026\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u655e\u958b\u5fc3\u6249\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201d\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Levinas \u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u800c Levinas \u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8457\u4f5c \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Escape-l%C3%A9vasion-Cultural-Memory-Present\/dp\/0804741409\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1L09BMU7C9OIK&amp;keywords=On+Escape%3A+De+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9vasion&amp;qid=1696807989&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=on+escape+de+l+%C3%A9vasion%2Cdigital-text%2C276&amp;sr=1-1\">On Escape: De l\u2019\u00e9vasion<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u617e\u671b\u3001\u8a98\u60d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0dHenri Bergson \u7684\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8207 Deleuze \uff08\u548c Guattari\uff09\u8ce6\u683c\u7dda the line of fugue \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u806f\u7e6b \u2500\u2500 \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 \u201c<em>A Thousand Plateaus<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u9003\u96e2\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6216\u53d7\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u662f\u7684\uff1b\u5c0d\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u5230\u53ad\u5026\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u655e\u958b\u5fc3\u6249\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Levinas \u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9762\u5411\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u812b\u7bc0\u7684\u3002Levinas \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u617e\u671b\u7528\u4ed6\u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Totality-Infinity-Exteriority-Martinus-Philosophy-ebook\/dp\/B00FDWEA06\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=R64N2XY17ZP7&amp;keywords=Totality+and+Infinity&amp;qid=1696808017&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=totality+and+infinity%2Cdigital-text%2C261&amp;sr=1-1\">Totality and Infinity<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6240\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u66f8\u7684\u958b\u982d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u617e\u671b\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u6240\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u53ea\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u617e\u671b\u9a45\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9060\u96e2\uff08\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff09\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u4e2d\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u3002\u9019\u601d\u8fa8\u5206\u96e2\u8ad6\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u6975\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u50cf\u617e\u671b\u4e00\u6a23\u56f0\u64fe\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u5e7d\u9748\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3 \uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6975\u9ede \u2500\u2500 \u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u611f\u6027\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684 \u2500\u2500 \u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u985e\u4f3c\u5730\uff0cLevinas \u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u5979\u75d5\u8de1\u7684\u4eba\u8cea\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5546\u696d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6975\u9ede\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u8eab\u9ad4\u6e34\u671b\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u537b\u88ab\u5e7d\u9748\u6240\u56f0\u64fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66ff\u4ee3 substitution \u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff0c\u5373\u6210\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u800c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9130\u8fd1\u6027\u3001\u9003\u907f\u6027\u548c\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002Levinas \u4e86\u89e3\u795e\u8056\u6027\u7684\u9670\u6697\u9762\u3002\u5118\u7ba1 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u6c92\u6709\u8a73\u8ff0\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u6096\u8ad6\u5e36\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u821e\u53f0\u4f86\u6697\u793a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u50cf\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u4e2d\u65b7\u548c\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6096\u8ad6\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u767c\u73fe\u8cac\u4efb\u4e26\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u7531 \u2500\u2500 \u4f46\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u7684\u6096\u8ad6\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u611f\u6027\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u5be6\u8cea \u2018\u4eba human\u2019\u4f5c\u70ba\u9810\u6e2c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u6210\u679c\u8207\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\uff09\u4ea4\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e26\u5fb9\u5e95\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saul Kripke \u8207\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0cSaul Kripke \u56e0\u900f\u904e\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u7a31\u6216\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u7a31 direct reference\u201d \u800c\u88ab\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5ee3\u6cdb\u95b1\u8b80 ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Naming-Necessity-Saul-Kripke\/dp\/0631128018\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1PU8BRTGKIU4&amp;keywords=Saul+Kripke+Naming+and+Necessity&amp;qid=1696808310&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=saul+kripke+naming+and+necessity%2Cdigital-text%2C258&amp;sr=1-1-catcorr\">Naming and Necessity<\/a><\/em>\u201d<em> )<\/em>\u3002\u90a3\u8207\u9019\u4f4d\u76f8\u95dc\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Saul Kripke \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c0d Bensusan\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u3002Kripke \u8655\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6307\u7a31\u8207\u6eff\u8db3\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u9673\u8ff0\u5fc5\u8981\uff08\u5148\u9a57\uff09\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u8c93\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u9084\u662f\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u2018\u8c93 cat\u2019 \u8207\u5176\u6240\u6307\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e4b\u9593\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u60c5\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5f35\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981 \u2500\u2500 \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u7167\u7247 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u4e0d\u50c5\u898f\u907f\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u898f\u907f\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5fb5\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u9019\u662f Saul Kripke \u6240\u505a\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u72e1\u733e\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u9805\u76ee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Howard Wettstein \u7d93\u5e38\u5805\u6301\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6307\u7a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\uff08\u76f8\u5c0d\uff09\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u982d\u8166\u4e2d ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Magic-Prism-Essay-Philosophy-Language-ebook\/dp\/B000SBCBTY\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2TQORCBBCDRTZ&amp;keywords=The+Magic+Prism%3A+An+Essay+in+the+Philosophy+of+Language&amp;qid=1696808355&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=the+magic+prism+an+essay+in+the+philosophy+of+language%2Cdigital-text%2C255&amp;sr=1-1\">The Magic Prism: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language<\/a><\/em>\u201d, OUP, 2007 )\u3002 \u5916\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9 Externalism\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u900f\u904e\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u5916\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u8457\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5c6c\u6027\u900f\u904e\u8a9e\u8a00\u63a5\u89f8\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c6c\u6027\u6210\u70ba\u5b87\u5b99\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u70ba\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u501f\u9452\u4e86 David Kaplan \u548c \u00a0John Perry \u95dc\u65bc\u6307\u793a\u8a5e\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7d22\u5f15\u8a5e\u7684\u8457\u4f5c ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Themes-Kaplan-Joseph-Almog-ebook\/dp\/B005LQBUOS\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2GL7JL76RNOL7&amp;keywords=Themes+from+Kaplan&amp;qid=1696808398&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=themes+from+kaplan%2Cdigital-text%2C267&amp;sr=1-1\">Themes from Kaplan<\/a><\/em>\u201d )\u3002Kaplan \u5c07\u6307\u793a\u8a5e\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u900f\u904e\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u6d89\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u8a72\u7279\u5fb5\u900f\u904e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u89e3\u6790\u70ba\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\uff08\u5c0d\u8c61\uff09\u3002Perry \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a9e\u610f\u6545\u4e8b\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u6307\u793a\u8a5e\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6bd2\u5bb3\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u70ba\uff08\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\uff09\u500b\u9ad4\u3002Perry \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u6bd4\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u66f4\u96b1\u542b\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7406\u8ad6\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u96b1\u542b\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u200b\u200b\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f86\u95e1\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u53c3\u8003\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u67d0\u7269\uff08 \u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u00a0\u2018\u4f4d\u5740 address\u2019 \uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u9673\u8a2d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u00a0\u2018\u4f4d\u5740\u2019 \u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8207\u8c93\u662f\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u9084\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u00a0\u2018\u4f4d\u5740\u2019 \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e86 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u5916\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u900f\u904e\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u53c3\u7167\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u67d0\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u9673\u8a2d\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saul Kripke \u50be\u5411\u65bc\u63a1\u7528\u50cf\u300c\u9019\u5f35\u684c\u5b50\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6307\u793a\u8a5e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u9019\u5f35\u684c\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5857\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5207\u5272\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u5f35\u684c\u5b50\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff08\u5be6\u8cea\uff09\u8d77\u6e90\u3002Saul Kripke \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u9060\u975e \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u67d0\u7a2e\uff08\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\uff09\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u5f35\u684c\u5b50\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u5be7\u9858\u5c07 Saul Kripke \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u4e16\u754c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\u8207\u4ee5&nbsp;\u2018\u4f4d\u5740\u2019 \u70ba\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c<em>Indexicalism: Realism and the Metaphysics of Paradox<\/em>\u201d \u501f\u52a9 David Kaplan \u7684\u6307\u793a\u908f\u8f2f\u548c &nbsp;John Perry \u7684\u96b1\u542b\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u64f4\u5c55\u4e86Saul Kripke \u95dc\u65bc\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u7a31\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5b83\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5047\u8a2d\u53c3\u8003\u56fa\u5b9a\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u95dc\u65bc\u6307\u7a31\u6307\u793a\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8003\u5047\u5b9a\u6307\u7a31\u7269\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u90fd\u8981\u591a\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8207 Levinas \u5805\u6301\u7684\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u6982\u62ec\u300d\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0cLevinas \u5c0d\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u8207\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u5916\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9 correlationism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u90fd\u59cb\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u82b1\u5728\u722d\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\u9032\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u9084\u662f\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u7a76\u7adf\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u505a\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cBensusan \u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u5230\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u51a5\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f Whitehead \u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea Kant \u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u8072\u7a31 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e3b\u89c0\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u662f Meillassoux\u00a0\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9 correlationism\u201d \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1f( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/After-Finitude-Essay-Necessity-Contingency\/dp\/1441173838\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=C71IY6F95ZYA&amp;keywords=After+Finitude%3A+An+Essay+on+the+Necessity+of+Contingency&amp;qid=1696808431&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=after+finitude+an+essay+on+the+necessity+of+contingency%2Cdigital-text%2C255&amp;sr=1-1\">After Finitude: An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency<\/a><\/em>\u201d, trans. R. Brassier. (London: Continuum, 2008.) \u3002Hilan Bensusan \u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u7684\u61f7\u7591\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u601d\u8003\u6216\u50c5\u5728\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u8207\u5916\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u900f\u904e\u63a8\u85a6\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u4ee5\u53ca\u95dc\u65bc\u5916\u5728\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e86\u89e3 \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u985b\u8986\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u75d5\u8de1 \u2500\u2500 \u56f0\u64fe\u8457\u4ed6\u5011 \u2500\u2500 \u800c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u90e8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9084\u539f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u3002\u5916\u5728\u662f\u5f9e\u5167\u5728\u601d\u8003\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f9e\u5167\u5728\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u7d66\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u897f\u5c07\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u3002\u9019\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Levinas\u00a0\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Meillassoux \u6709\u95dc\u95dc\u806f\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5f37\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u5f31\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u2500\u2500 \u5373\u5373\u4f7f\u53ef\u4ee5\u601d\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u4e4b\u5916\u751a\u9ebc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053 \u2500\u2500 \u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5916\u90e8\u5c31\u662f\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7d50\u69cb\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5df2\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e26\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7559\u4e0b\u75d5\u8de1\uff08 \u81f3\u5c11\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u6709\u5167\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8 \uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0cMeillassoux \u5f9e Heidegger \u501f\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\uff1a\u6216 \u201c\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9 subjectalism\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7acb\u5834\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Genealogies-Speculation-Materialism-Subjectivity-Structuralism-ebook\/dp\/B0190N2IES\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2N1Q8FJ1U5M5B&amp;keywords=Genealogies+of+Speculation%3A+Materialism+and+Subjectivity+Since+Structuralism&amp;qid=1696808461&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=genealogies+of+speculation+materialism+and+subjectivity+since+structuralism%2Cdigital-text%2C260&amp;sr=1-1\">Genealogies of Speculation: Materialism and Subjectivity Since Structuralism<\/a><\/em>\u201d, eds. A. Avanessian &amp; S. Malik, pp. 117-197)\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u793a\u7d55\u5c0d\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6d89\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u6236\u5916\u3001\u5916\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u7684 Whitehead \u4e3b\u7fa9\u6210\u5206\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bc\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8ce6\u4e88\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u5176 Levinas \u4e3b\u7fa9\u6210\u5206\u5247\u78ba\u4fdd\u5916\u5728\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u6307\u793a\u7d55\u5c0d\u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u73fe\u8c61 \uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\uff08 \u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u50cf \uff09\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd \u2500\u2500 \u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u7d22\u5f15 \u2500\u2500 \u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u69cb\u601d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u5c07\u53ea\u662f\u00a0 \u201c\u6b64\uff08\u5be6\u8cea\uff09\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269 things-for-this-(substantive)-subject\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u5e73\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5916\u90e8\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5efa\u8b70\u5c0d \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u63a1\u53d6\u5f37\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 \uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8a3a\u65b7\u70ba\u5f9e\u4e8b\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9 substantivism\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u88ab\u660e\u78ba\u6216\u9ed8\u8a8d\u5730\u653e\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u5143\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9 multinaturalism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u5c0d \u201c\u591a\u5143\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9 multinaturalism\u201d \u7684\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728 Bruno Latour \u8eab\u4e0a\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u95dc\u6ce8\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8a34\u6c42\uff1aPhilippe Descola\u3001Eduardo Viveiros de Castro \u7b49\u4eba\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u6279\u8a55\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u89c0\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c07\u985e\u6bd4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u548c\u5716\u9a30\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u6587\u5316\u7f6e\u65bc\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9 perspectivism \u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Tania Stolze Lima\u3001Eduardo Viveiros de Castro \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07 Philippe Descola \u5728\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\uff08 \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9 \uff09\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u5c0d\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u50be\u5411\u8207\u842c\u7269\u6709\u9748\u8ad6\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u5177\u6709\u5167\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7fa3\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4e26\u6309\u7167 Levinas \u6240\u64c1\u8b77\u7684\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\uff08 \u9019\u5c31\u662f\u66f8\u4e2d\u7528 &nbsp;\u201c\u7336\u592a\u842c\u7269\u6709\u9748\u8ad6 Jewish animism\u201d&nbsp; \u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u3002Hilan Bensusan \u662f\u7336\u592a\u8840\u7d71\u548c\u5df4\u897f\u8840\u7d71\u90fd\u516c\u6b63 \uff09\u3002Hilan Bensusan \u8a8d\u70ba Philippe Descola \u5c0d\u842c\u7269\u6709\u9748\u8ad6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u8207 &nbsp;Whitehead \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5176\u5c0e\u5411\u662f\u62d2\u7d55\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u800c\u7d93\u9a57\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0cBruno Latour \u7684\u81ea\u7136\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u5b87\u5b99\u9673\u8a2d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5834\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7acb\u5834\u8207 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Philippe Descola \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cdb\u9748\u8ad6\u5718\u9ad4\u662f\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u800c Eduardo Viveiros de Castro \u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u4e0b\u6e38\u76f8\u7576\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u4e86 Philippe Descola \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6cdb\u9748\u8ad6\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u50cf\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u52d5\u7269\u300d\u6216\u300c\u98df\u7269\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u8a5e\uff1a\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u6d32\u864e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u98df\u7269\u201d \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u70ba \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u91ce\u8c6c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u985e\u201d \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u70ba \u201c\u91ce\u8c6c\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u864e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ede\uff1a\u201c\u6728\u85af\u5564\u9152\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6307\u793a\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c96\u5411\u5b83\u4e26\u52aa\u529b\u6e96\u5099\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6728\u85af\u5564\u9152\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u864e\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u4e26\u672a\u8868\u9054\u4efb\u4f55\u5be6\u8cea\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u7f8e\u6d32\u864e\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u4f5c\u70ba\u5be6\u8cea\u5167\u5bb9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5f88\u96e3\u8868\u9054\u70ba\u570d\u7e5e\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u7dad\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5927\u91cf\u7684 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u3002\uff08 \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u7fa3\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u7fa3\u9ad4\u555f\u767c\uff0cEduardo Viveiros de Castro \u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hilan Bensusan \u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u4e0b\u6e38\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u7e3d\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\uff08 \u5373\u8eab\u9ad4 \uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8853\u8a9e \u201c\u591a\u5143\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u3001\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5143\u7684\u4e26\u4e14\u5145\u6eff\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u5c07\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207 Kit Fine \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a\u4ed6\u7a31\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba \u201c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba \u201c\u788e\u7247\u4e3b\u7fa9 fragmentalism\u201d ( <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Modality-Tense-Philosophical-Kit-Fine-ebook\/dp\/B001DWNS3K\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=265GT1XQFUEZR&amp;keywords=Modality+and+Tense%3A+Philosophical+Papers&amp;qid=1696808502&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=modality+and+tense+philosophical+papers%2Cdigital-text%2C271&amp;sr=1-1\">Modality and Tense: Philosophical Papers<\/a><\/em>, pp. 261-320. (OUP, 2005 )\u3002A-series\u00a0\u548c John McTaggart \u4e00\u6a23\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709 A \u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9 \uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u7406\u89e3\u6642\u9593 \u2500\u2500 \u7531\u6628\u5929\u3001\u4eca\u5929\u548c\u660e\u5929\u6216\u53bb\u5e74\u3001\u4eca\u5e74\u3001\u660e\u5e74\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5230 2020 \u5e74\u30012021 \u5e74\u30012022 \u5e74\u3002John McTaggart \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u4f9d\u8cf4 A-series\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u3002A-series \u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u4e0d\u6703\u540c\u610f\u5f8c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u78ba\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u6216\u9023\u8cab\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6a19\u6e96\u7684 A-series \u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7406\u89e3\u73fe\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u524d\u6642\u9593\u624d\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u62d2\u7d55\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u6216\u9023\u8cab\u7684 \u2500\u2500 \u9019\u4e9b\u5206\u5225\u662f\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u788e\u7247\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u89e3\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u50cf \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u4e00\u6a23\u8207\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u788e\u7247\u4e3b\u7fa9\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u6642\u614b\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u8996\u89d2\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u89c0\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u9664\u4e86\u60c5\u5883\u52aa\u529b\u4e4b\u5916\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5169\u500b\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1 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\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7acb\u5834\u8207\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u9060\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u624d\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u591a\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u591a\u7a2e\u7acb\u5834\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u7acb\u5834\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u6096\u8ad6\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u8207 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u88dc\u6551\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4e5f\u985e\u4f3c\uff1a\u54ac\u7dca\u7259\u95dc\uff08\u6096\u8ad6\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff09\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u62d2\u7d55\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9 substantivism\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u5883\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u5c0d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u95dc\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u8207 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u6c92\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u548c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684 \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u878d\u5408\u6210\u7531\u591a\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u7d71\u4e00\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u900f\u904e\u6aa2\u67e5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u63ed\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5167\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8655\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8996\u89d2\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf Philippe Descola \u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u842c\u7269\u6709\u9748\u8ad6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1Whitehead \u548c Deleuze\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d22 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7528 Levinas \u6210\u5206\u4f86\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u589e\u5f37\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u672a\u514b\u670d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9 substantivism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6240\u8b02\u7684 \u201c\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9 substantivism\u201d \u76f8\u7576\u56b4\u53b2\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6307\u8cac\u5b83\u662f\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6307\u8cac\u5b83\u662f\u7236\u6b0a\u5236\u548c\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u516c\u5e73\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9451\u65bc\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3e\u5225\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cKantians\u3001Hegelians\u3001Nietzscheans\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 Heideggerians\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u300c\u5de6\u300d\u548c\u300c\u53f3\u300d\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u662f\uff0cAristotle \u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6f38\u9032\u5f0f\u6c7a\u88c2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u503c\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b3d\u4f69\u6bd4\u5b83\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8981\u591a \u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u9ebc\u53cd\u5c0d \u201c\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u5462\uff1fBensusan \u8a8d\u70ba\u70ba\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8a3a\u65b7\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u95e1\u660e\u554f\u984c\u6240\u5728\u4e26\u6307\u5c0e\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u63a1\u53d6\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u88c2\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u53f3\u6d3e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u767c\u8868\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u54f2\u5b78\u8a3a\u65b7\u70ba\u9b25\u722d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u900f\u904e\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u9032\u884c\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u900f\u904e \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u78ba\u5be6\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u7f6a\u9b41\u798d\u9996\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u6839\u64da Heidegger\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff08 \u6216\u672c\u9ad4\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 \uff09\u662f\u7f6a\u72af\u3002\u5c0d Heidegger \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4f7f\u4e8b\u7269\u8b8a\u5f97\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u4e26\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u670d\u5f9e\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u800c\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u89c0\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4f86\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u969c\u7919\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u8a3a\u65b7\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c \uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u53f3\u6d3e\u548c\u5de6\u6d3e Heidegger \u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5c0dHeidegger \u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff1a\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u56e0 Heidegger \u5c0d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f37\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u6703\u8a8d\u53ef\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u8005\u90fd\u6703\u5fe0\u5be6\u5730\u62d2\u7d55\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e26\u652f\u6301\u60c5\u5883\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Heidegger \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u5177\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u89e3\u8b80 &nbsp;Nietzsche \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u653f\u9ee8\u5982\u4f55\u627f\u8a8d\u5b8f\u89c0\u653f\u6cbb\u53f3\u50be\u548c\u5de6\u50be\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u722d\u7aef\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5b8f\u89c0\u653f\u6cbb\u722d\u7aef\u662f\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684\uff08 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tripleampersand.org\/cosmopolitical-parties-post-human-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Cosmopolitical Parties in the Post-Human Age<\/em><\/a>\u201d \u201c<em>Geist and Ge-Stell: Beyond the Cyber-Nihilist Convergence of Intelligence<\/em>\u201d\u3001\u201c<em>Cosmopolitics as a Taste for Cunning<\/em>\u201d \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8005\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6b63\u5728\u8207\u7121\u8655\u89c0 nowhere \u9032\u884c\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u9019\u78ba\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c0\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u722d\u8ad6\u548c\u5b8f\u89c0\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u901a\u9053\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u50cf\u5f9e\u5317\u6975\u7a7f\u904e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5230\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u897f\u5317\u901a\u9053\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u2500\u2500 \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78 \u2500\u2500 \u6709\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53cd\u5c0d\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5c3e\u8072\u4e2d\u8a73\u7d30\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u6027\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4e0d\u7d66\u5916\u90e8\u6216\u6236\u5916\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u9593\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6b78\u96f6\u5730\u7684\u96dc\u4e82\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5c3e\u8072\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201cThe Circumscription of Potos\u00ed\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u570d\u7e5e Sumaq Urqo \u5beb\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5ea7\u5c71\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u767d\u9280\uff0c\u5728 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u4ee5\u5c71\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002Potos\u00ed \u7684\u908a\u754c\u8207\u76ee\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5728\u5167\u90e8\u7559\u4e0b\u75d5\u8de1\u7684\u6236\u5916\u3002Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui \u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u75d5\u8de1\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u601d\u60f3\u8655\u65bc\u5176\u5916\u90e8\u4e26\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5979\u7528 Aymara \u8a9e <em>ch\u2019ixi <\/em>\u6240\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u8072\u7a31\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5f8c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff1a\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u722d\u53d6\u7d14\u6f54\u7684\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u591a\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u6b96\u6c11\u5217\u5f37\u6240\u9752\u775e\u7684\u4e00\u9ad4\u5316\u548c\u7d71\u4e00\u3002<em>ch\u2019ixi <\/em>\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6558\u4e8b\u90fd\u6709\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76e1\u6211\u6700\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4f86\u544a\u8a34\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7528 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/1632\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anna Tsing<\/a> \u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u5f15\u5c0e\u66f8\u4e2d\u4ed6\u8005\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 \u3002<em>ch\u2019ixi <\/em>\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\u5f9e\u7121\u5230\u6709\u7684\u666e\u904d\u800c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u662f\u722d\u53d6\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u9b25\u722d\uff1a\u4e0d\u88ab\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u6210\u70ba\u6d88\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u60c5\u5883\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u8840\u8108\u4e2d\u6d41\u6dcc\u8457\u53cd\u5c0d\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6975\u5927\u5730\u5e6b\u52a9\u63a8\u52d5\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7576\u5730\u7684\u3001\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81f3\u65bc Aristotle \u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5340\u5206\u4f5c\u70ba <em>ousia ( <\/em>\u5be6\u9ad4\u548c\u5b58\u5728 ) \u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08 \u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 \uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5340\u5206\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5305\u62ec Aristotle \u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u6839\u64da Heidegger \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u5176\u5c55\u958b\u548c\u64a4\u56de\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8207\u524d Plato \u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff1a\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u901a\u5f80\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5230 Heidegger \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u5bb6 Nietzsche\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u9081\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0cWhitehead \u662f\u4f7f\u4e8b\u60c5\u8b8a\u5f97\u900f\u660e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5be6\u8cea\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7559\u4e0b\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u62d2\u7d55\u7269\u8cea\u548c\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u900f\u660e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5f62\u5f0f \u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u540c\u53c8\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3002Whitehead \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u662f\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5047\u5b9a\u4e86\u5be6\u9ad4\uff08 \u5305\u62ec\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2 \uff09\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u5373\u53cd\u5c0d\u5047\u5b9a\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53cd\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u50c5\u5047\u5b9a\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u4e8b\u614b\uff08 \u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5011\u6700\u7d42\u4e0d\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684 \uff09\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ee2\u9664\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u9a45\u9664\u5916\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027 \u3001\u6236\u5916\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u73fe\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Leibniz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leibniz \u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u95dc\u4fc2\u201d \u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u7fa9\u8207 Whitehead \u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u55ae\u5b50\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u5c0d Leibniz \u6709\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u662f\u6a21\u64ec\u7684\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u55ae\u5b50\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u55ae\u5b50\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9078\u64c7\u7279\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\u7684\u55ae\u5b50\u4f86\u69cb\u6210\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e9e\u7576\uff0c\u4f46\u4e9e\u7576\u6703\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u55ae\u5b50\u767c\u751f\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5f71\u97ff\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9078\u64c7\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u662f\u5171\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u985e\u5225\u3002\u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Theodicy-Essays-Goodness-Freedom-Origin-ebook\/dp\/B0084B5QJW\/ref=sr_1_4?crid=23U66M0O5YIVI&amp;keywords=Theodicy&amp;qid=1696808547&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=theodicy%2Cdigital-text%2C275&amp;sr=1-4\">Theodicy<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u9801\uff0cLeibniz \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 Pallas \u5bae\u6bbf\u623f\u9593\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9996\u5148\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u5bae\u6bbf\u4e2d\u7121\u6578\u7684\u623f\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u6bcf\u500b\u623f\u9593\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u6bcf\u4e00\u985e\u55ae\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u7942\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff08 \u9019\u662f\u6700\u660e\u667a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684 \uff09 \uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u60e1\u884c\uff08\u4e9e\u7576\u72af\u7f6a\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u5b83\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8ce6\u4e88\u55ae\u5b50\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u55ae\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u55ae\u5b50\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\uff1a\u8207 Kripke \u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u524d\u5f80\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u55ae\u5b50\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u679c\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5df2\u7d93\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u55ae\u5b50\u548c\u8ae7\u76f8\u8655\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a97\u6236\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u7121\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u55ae\u5b50\u90fd\u505a\u5b83\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u74b0\u9867\u56db\u5468\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u55ae\u5b50\u6c92\u6709\u5e95\u5c64\uff0c\u5176\u8b02\u8a5e\uff08\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc Leibniz \u5b9a\u5f8b\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u800c Aristotle \u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6709\u57fa\u8cea\u5247\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u8a72\u5b9a\u5f8b\u898f\u5b9a \uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa8\u5225\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1 Leibniz \u958b\u5275\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7a2e\u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728 Gabriel Tarde \u3001 Whitehead \u3001 Latour \u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a Husserl \u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u5f9e Leibniz \u5230 Whitehead \u7684\u9019\u689d\u8def\u5f91\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6697\u793a\u4e86 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u3002\u5728\u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u6216\u5be6\u969b\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u860a\u542b\u8b02\u8a5e\uff08 \u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2 \uff09\u7684\u6975\u9ede\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u95dc\u4fc2\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u95dc\u6216\u5f7c\u6b64\u9ad4\u9a57 \uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u7701\u53bb\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8b02\u8a5e\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u5dee\u7570\u88ab Deleuze \u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u5c01\u9589 closure \u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\uff08\u5982 Leibniz \u7684\u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\uff09\u548c\u6355\u7372 capture \u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\uff08\u5982 Whitehead \u7684\u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570 ( \u201c <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Fold-Leibniz-Baroque-Gilles-Deleuze\/dp\/0816616019\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=XRUJPG10RB7&amp;keywords=The+Fold%3A+Leibniz+and+the+Baroque&amp;qid=1696808593&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=the+fold+leibniz+and+the+baroque%2Cdigital-text%2C272&amp;sr=1-1-catcorr\">The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque<\/a><\/em>\u201d, trans. T. Conley. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993 )\u3002\u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u80cc\u96e2\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u9081\u5411 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecd\u7136\u5c6c\u65bc\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\uff1b\u5728\u55ae\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u662f\u64a4\u56de\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u5b8c\u5168\u66b4\u9732\u800c\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7834\u58de\u55ae\u5b50\u8ad6\u6240\u64c1\u62b1\u7684\u5167\u5728\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f8c\u7e7c\u767c\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5011\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\u66f8\u7c4d\u662f\u7576\u4e0b\u6642\u523b\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u5beb\u7167\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u624d\u80fd\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u8f49\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u3002Hilan Bensusan \u7684\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u54f2\u5b78\u73fe\u6cc1\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u5f37\u52a0\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5177\u6709\u8b8a\u9769\u6027\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6539\u9032\u662f\u5b9a\u7fa9&nbsp;\u2018\u4f4d\u5740\u2019\u3002\u2018\u4f4d\u5740 address\u2019 \u662f\u7576\u5f15\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6642\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u8868\u9054\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u793a\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5f9e \u2018\u4f4d\u5740 \u2019 \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u547d\u984c\u6982\u5ff5 \u2500\u2500 \u5373\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u3001\uff08\u547d\u984c\uff09\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u627f\u8f09\u8005 \u2500\u2500 \u65e8\u5728\u907f\u514d\u7576\u524d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u547d\u984c\u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u9805\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u7fa9 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\u3002\u6307\u793a\u547d\u984c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u7d55\u5c0d\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5f14\u8a6d\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u6096\u8ad6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a\u8003\u616e\u8aaa\u8b0a\u8005\u6096\u8ad6\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\uff0c\u300c\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u662f\u5047\u7684\u300d\u3002 \u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u6096\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\u6709\u5f85\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6096\u8ad6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7d50\u69cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531 Levinas \u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6096\u8ad6\u7d66\u51fa\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7522\u751f\u8cac\u4efb\u800c\u74e6\u89e3\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6771\u897f \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 \u201c<em>Indexicalism: Realism and the Metaphysics of Paradox<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u88dc\u5145\u3002Hilan Bensusan \u5728\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u300c\u52a0\u6cd5\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u770b\u4f3c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff1b \u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u52a0\u6578\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u52a0\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b78\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 Derrida \u7684\u88dc\u5145\u6982\u5ff5\u3001Georges Bataille \u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u6982\u5ff5\u3001Marisol de la Cadena \u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4efb\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u500b\uff08 \u4f46\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u96d9\u91cd\u6216\u591a\u91cd \uff09\u3001Jean-Luc Nancy \u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6982\u5ff5\u70ba\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u975e\u7d44\u88dd\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u5f9e 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5167\u5728\u6027\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u6559\u8a13\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u52a0\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6236\u5916\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u7522\u751f\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0d\u50c5\u6539\u8b8a\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6539\u8b8a\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u91cd\u5851\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u52a0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u6bd4\u5426\u5b9a\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u52a0\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u52a0\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b78\u8207 Hegel \u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u672c\u8eab\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u88dc\u5145\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e5f\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u55ae\u8abf\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u55ae\u8abf\u6027\u539f\u7406\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff1a\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5982\u679c\u5728\u524d\u63d0\u985e\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u4efb\u4f55\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u908f\u8f2f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cd\u55ae\u8abf\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u6240\u5f97\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u6b21\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8207\u55ae\u8abf\u6027\u7684\u6253\u7834\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6703\u900f\u904e\u77db\u76fe\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8207\u7463\u788e\u6027\u7684\u6253\u7834\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6e96\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08 \u548c\u6e96\u5b8c\u5099\u6027 \uff09\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u660e\u52a0\u6cd5\u662f\u89f8\u767c\u5426\u5b9a\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u9805\u5c0d\u52a0\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76f4\u63a5\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u601d\u8fa8\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u4ee3\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u6700\u597d\u5728\u8207\u52a0\u6cd5\u7684\u7dca\u5bc6\u806f\u7e6b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u65e2\u8207\u5c0d\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u80cc\u96e2\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u8b8a\u5f97\u900f\u660e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6709\u95dc\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0cJean-Luc Nancy \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u5143\u7d20\u3002 \u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u52a0\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6096\u8ad6\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u8207 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916\u201d \u662f\u52a0\u6578\u7684\u4f86\u6e90 \u3002 \u53d6\u4ee3\u548c\u88dc\u5145\u4e4b\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7269\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u5c0d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u88dc\u5145\u7684\u6c38\u7121\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff1a\u52a0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfBataille \u7684\u904e\u5269\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u9a45\u9664\u3002\u5169\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u52a0\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1aLudue\u00f1a \u7684\u5206\u96e2\u8ad6\u5047\u8a2d\u5169\u500b\u6975\u9ede \u2500\u2500 \u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5e7d\u9748 \u2500\u2500 \u5b83\u5011\u5728\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u540c\u6642\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u6574\u5408\u6210\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u8a31\u715c\u7684\u905e\u6b78\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5076\u7136\u6027\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u529b\u91cf (Yuk Hui ,\u00a0\u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Recursivity-Contingency-Media-Philosophy-Yuk-ebook\/dp\/B086R9KP5K\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=16QDA4MXUIE5H&amp;keywords=Recursivity+and+Contingency&amp;qid=1696808626&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=recursivity+and+contingency%2Cdigital-text%2C258&amp;sr=1-1\">Recursivity and Contingency<\/a><\/em>\u201d )\u3002 \u52a0\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u8b93 Bensusan \u91cd\u65b0\u6aa2\u8996 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Being-Grabs-Speculative-Anarcheology-Metaphysics\/dp\/1785420283\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=11TGV0C8P6PON&amp;keywords=Being+Up+For+Grabs%3A+On+Speculative+Anarcheology&amp;qid=1696808659&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sprefix=being+up+for+grabs+on+speculative+anarcheology%2Cdigital-text%2C254&amp;sr=1-1\">Being Up For Grabs: On Speculative Anarcheology<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9019 \u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u5f9e \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7684\u7d42\u9ede\u958b\u59cb \u2500\u2500 \u4ee5\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u88dc\u5145 \u2500\u2500 \u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8aaa\u660e\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4f9b\u722d\u596a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u52a0\u6578\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u6578\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u5f37\u52a0\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4eba\u7e3d\u611b\u601d\u8003\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c24\u751a\u3002\u65bc\u5df4\u897f Brasilia \u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u800c\u540c\u6642\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u548c\u88dd\u7f6e\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684 Hilan Bensusan \u4f86\u8aaa\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 \u4e00\u7a2e\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u73fe\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u800c\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u9673\u8a2d\u662f\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5be6\u9ad4\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u5f15\u5165\u5c07 Emmanuel L\u00e9vinas&nbsp;\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u904e\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u7d42\u662f \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916 the Great Outdoors\u201d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7a2e\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u4ecb\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba Alfred North Whitehead \u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u662f\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f Hilan Bensusan \u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u662f\u6096\u8ad6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6279\u5224\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002Bensusan \u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede \u2014\u2014 \u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\uff0cQuentin Meillassoux \u4e4b\u70ba \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6236\u5916 the Great Outdoors\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u6216\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u611f\u77e5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7e3d\u9ad4\u7684\u6236\u5916\u4e0d\u53ef\u9084\u539f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5c3e\u8072\u4e2d\uff0cBensusan \u5728\u5c0d\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5c71\u8108 Potosi \u907a\u5740\u548c \u201c\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u723e\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u4e9e\u8607\u5c3c\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712 Yasuni National Park in the &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/10\/08\/indexicalism-realism-and-the-metaphysics-of-paradox\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2mN","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9101"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9104,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9101\/revisions\/9104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}