{"id":9133,"date":"2023-11-17T06:07:33","date_gmt":"2023-11-17T06:07:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9133"},"modified":"2023-11-17T06:07:40","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T06:07:40","slug":"reading-kants-lectures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/11\/17\/reading-kants-lectures\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading Kant&#8217;s Lectures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Facebook \u9019\u4e9b\u5a92\u9ad4\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u500b\u516b\u639b\u57f8\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u8a00\u8aac\uff1a\u6709\u6e29\u67d4\u6566\u539a\u7684\u3001\u5c16\u9178\u523b\u8584\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u8b19\u865a\u7684\u3001\u6709\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f\u7684\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u838a\u5b50\u6240\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u201c\u592b\u96a8\u5176\u6210\u5fc3\u800c\u5e2b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8ab0\u7368\u4e14\u7121\u5e2b\u4e4e\uff1f\u595a\u5fc5\u77e5\u4ee3\uff1f\u800c\u5fc3\u81ea\u53d6\u8005\u6709\u4e4b\uff0c\u611a\u8005\u8207\u6709\u7109\uff01\u672a\u6210\u4e4e\u5fc3\u800c\u6709\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u9069\u8d8a\u800c\u6614\u81f3\u4e5f\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\u7121\u6709\u70ba\u6709\u3002\u7121\u6709\u70ba\u6709\uff0c\u96d6\u6709\u795e\u79b9\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u77e5\uff0c\u543e\u7368\u4e14\u5948\u4f55\u54c9\uff01\u592b\u8a00\u975e\u5439\u4e5f\uff0c\u8a00\u8005\u6709\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u8a00\u8005\u7279\u672a\u5b9a\u4e5f\u3002\u679c\u6709\u8a00\u90aa\uff1f\u5176\u672a\u5617\u6709\u8a00\u90aa\uff1f\u5176\u4ee5\u70ba\u7570\u65bc\u9dc7\u97f3\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u8faf\u4e4e\uff1f\u5176\u7121\u8faf\u4e4e\uff1f\u9053\u60e1\u4e4e\u96b1\u800c\u6709\u771f\u507d\uff1f\u8a00\u60e1\u4e4e\u96b1\u800c\u6709\u662f\u975e\uff1f\u9053\u60e1\u4e4e\u5f80\u800c\u4e0d\u5b58\uff1f\u8a00\u60e1\u4e4e\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\uff1f\u9053\u96b1\u65bc\u5c0f\u6210\uff0c\u8a00\u96b1\u65bc\u69ae\u83ef\u3002\u6545\u6709\u5112\u58a8\u4e4b\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u4ee5\u662f\u5176\u6240\u975e\u800c\u975e\u5176\u6240\u662f\u3002\u6b32\u662f\u5176\u6240\u975e\u800c\u975e\u5176\u6240\u662f\uff0c\u5247\u83ab\u82e5\u4ee5\u660e\u3002\u201d\u300a\u838a\u5b50-\u9f4a\u7269\u8ad6\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u6b63\u597d\u8aac\u660e\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u6210\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u662f\u975e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u662f\u975e\u3001\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u6709\u6210\u5fc3\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u722d\u8ad6\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u90a3\u500b\uff1b\u6211\u7576\u7136\u6709\u6211\u7684\u6839\u64da\u3002\u6839\u64da\u751a\u9ebd\uff1f\u6839\u64da\u6211\u7684\u6210\u5fc3\u3002\u70ba\u751a\u9ebd\u6709\u6b64\u6210\u5fc3\uff1f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u628a\u4eba\u8a13\u7df4\u81f3\u6b64\u56c9\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3001\u4f60\u7684\u6210\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 \u201c<strong>\u672a\u6210\u4e4e\u5fc3\u800c\u6709\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u9069\u8d8a\u800c\u6614\u81f3\u4e5f\u3002<\/strong>\u201d \u9019\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f9e\u6b64\u800c\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Reading-Kants-Lectures-Robert-Clewis-ebook\/dp\/B014ZT7OJ6\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=26OINJKHMJLEY&amp;keywords=Reading+Kant%27s+Lectures&amp;qid=1700200900&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=reading+kant%27s+lectures%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C482&amp;sr=1-1\">Reading Kant&#8217;s Lectures<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u6587\u96c6\u6536\u9304\u4e86\u8457\u540d Kant \u5b78\u8005\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u7bc7\u539f\u5275\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86Kant \u6559\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u591a\u500b\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96a8\u8457\u5b78\u9662\u7248 Kant \u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u3002Kant\u95dc\u65bc\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u5b78\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5df2\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u4f46\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5462\uff1f \u7576\u6839\u64da Kant \u767c\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u95b1\u8b80\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 Kant \u54f2\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \uff0c\u672a\u7d93\u5be9\u67e5\u5730\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8b80\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Kant \u6f14\u8b1b\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9818\u57df\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u751a\u81f3\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Kant \u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53caBaumgarten \u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u8005\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u5df2\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\uff0c\u4f46\u60c5\u6cc1\u7576\u7136\u4e26\u975e\u7e3d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728 \u201c\u897f\u65b9\u201d \u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u69cb\u6559\u6388\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u6709\u8457\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Plato\u2019s Academy \u548c Aristotle\u2019s Lyceum\u3002\u50cf Elisabeth of Bohemia\u3001Spinoza \u548c Leibniz&nbsp;\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u6216\u8b1b\u5e2b\u55ce\uff1fHegel\u3001Russell\u3001Arendt \u548c Rawls \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u7b97\u662f\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u201c<em>Reading Kant&#8217;s Lectures<\/em>\u201d \u5171\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6aa2\u8996\u4e86 Immanuel Kant \u4f5c\u70ba\u5341\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65e9\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0cKant \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u548c\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0d Kant \u5b78\u8853\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u8003\u616e\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u7f3a\u5c11\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728 Kant \u751f\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u78ba\u5be6\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u9019\u4e00\u9762\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\uff081798 \u5e74\uff09\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\uff081800 \u5e74\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\uff081802 \u5e74\uff09\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\uff081803 \u5e74\uff09\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u6240\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u9019\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5c0d\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5c0d\u51fa\u7248\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c P\u00f6litz \u548c \u201c Starke \u201d  \u5373 Bergk \uff09\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u8208\u8da3\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8207\u66f8\u7c4d\u92b7\u552e\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u968f Kant \u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\u8cc7\u6599 \u2013\u2013\u2013  \u6578\u78bc\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u5fb7\u6587\u624b\u7a3f\u3001\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8b6f\u672c \u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/users.manchester.edu\/facstaff\/ssnaragon\/kant\/notes\/notesMetaphysics.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kant \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300c\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u300d<\/a> \u2013\u2013\u2013 \u5728\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u662f \uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76 Kant \u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u6216\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bc\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8207\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a66\u5716\u6db5\u84cb Kant \u5b78\u8853\u6559\u5b78\u4e2d\u8207\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52d5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u9818\u57df\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u76e1\u91cf\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8986\u84cb\uff0c\u5373\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u66f4\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u300d\u9818\u57df\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u4e86\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u601d\u60f3 \u2013\u2013\u2013 \u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b Kant \u4efb\u6559\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u7684\u6f2b\u9577\u800c\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b Kant \u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u50b3\u8a18\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u8b80\u8005\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u5927\u5b78\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u6216 Kant \u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e86\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52d5\u53ca\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7126\u9ede\u5c31\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u98fe\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 Kant \u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1 \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u6a19<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immanuel Kant (1724\u20131804) \u8b1b\u8ab2\u4e86 41 \u5e74\u6216 82 \u500b\u5b78\u671f\uff1a\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728 1755\/56 \u5e74\u51ac\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u8b1b\u8ab2\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\u5230 1796.12 \u590f\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\u3002\u95b1\u8b80 Kant \u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8003\u5bdf Kant \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u9818\u57df\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u6279\u5224\u548c\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u6216\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u9032\u884c\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u88cf\u5c31\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8a71\u984c\u7576\u4e0b\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e2d\u632a\u7528\u6b77\u53f2\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u81f3\u5c11\u6f84\u6e05\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u9032\u884c\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6642\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u95dc\u6ce8\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u54f2\u5b78\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6027 \u2013\u2013\u2013 \u5b83\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3001\u53d7\u773e\u548c\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u69cb\u601d\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u503c\u5f97\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8b1b\u5ea7\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76 Kant \u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52d5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u66b4\u9732\u6211\u5011\u95b1\u8b80\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d \u2013\u2013\u2013 \u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u8aa4\u8b80\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc Kant \u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u9069\u7576\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u6b77\u6642\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u88ab\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef6\u9069\u7576\u88dc\u5145\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7576\u5b83\u5011\u6e96\u78ba\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5927\u81f4\u8a3b\u660e\u65e5\u671f\u6642\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5141\u8a31\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8f49\u9304\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff09\uff0c\u70ba\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u50cf\u8a31\u591a\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0cKant \u5728\u9577\u9054\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u88e1\u5c31\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u56e0\u4f11\u5047\u800c\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u6574\u9ad4\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86 Kant \u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u904e\u53bb\u6216\u6700\u8fd1\u95dc\u65bc\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u63a8\u52d5\u4e8c\u624b\u6587\u737b\u5411\u524d\u767c\u5c55\u6216\u671d\u8457\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6216\u5448\u73fe\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u6216\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9ede\u6216\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Steve Naragon \u5728\u958b\u7bc7 ( Reading Kant in Herder\u2019s Lecture Notes ) \u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u751f\u6284\u672c\u662f\u6839\u64da Kant \u5df2\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u6284\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba Kant \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4e2d\u672a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u80cc\u666f \uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6bd4\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8b80\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3 Kant \u6559\u5b78\u7684\u5ee3\u5ea6\u548c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u63ed\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u65bc\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u634d\u885b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u9593\u63a5\u4e86\u89e3 Kant \u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002\u5728 Kant \u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6388\u8ab2\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u5730\u7406\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\u3002\u9019\u9805\u8981\u6c42\u9650\u5236\u4e86 Kant \u80fd\u8aaa\u751a\u9ebc \u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u6563\u4f48\u8457\u5c0d\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6216\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5e38\u5e38\u6df7\u5408\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Kant \u5076\u723e\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u4f5c\u8005\u300d\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u4f55\u8a55\u50f9 Kant \u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u5e36\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u96a8\u610f\u6027\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u6388\u5206\u70ba\u5341\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff1a\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u300d\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u3002\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u6309\u7167\u9019\u500b\u9806\u5e8f\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u9818\u57df\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u9818\u57df\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6709\u56db\u7ae0\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u3002Kant \u7562\u7adf\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6559\u6388\u55ce\uff1f \u4ed6\u8b1b\u6388\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78 56 \u6b21 \uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78 53 \u6b21\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u8b1b\u6388\u6700\u983b\u7e41\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u95dc\u6ce8 Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7b49\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u5be9\u8996\u7684\u9818\u57df\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u80fd\u5920\u70ba Kant \u4f5c\u70ba\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ca2\u737b\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u96d6\u7136 Kant \u5728 \u201c<em>Critique of Pure Reason<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u6216 \u201c<em>Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5730\u5728\u8f03\u65e9\u548c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u503c\u5f97\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf Kant \u7684\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9593\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6240\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58 \u2013\u2013\u2013 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u5316\u5b78\uff1b\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u53f2\u5b78\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u5f37\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\uff1b\u5c0d\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\uff09\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u5b78\u8853\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u6aa2\u67e5\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u66f4\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kant 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\u986f\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e94\u500b\u984d\u5916\u7684\u3001\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684 privatissima \u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u5411\u4e00\u7fa4\u300c\u975e\u50b3\u7d71\u5b78\u751f\u300d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff1a1767 \u5e74\u30011769 \u5e74\u30011769\/70\uff08\u5169\u6b21\uff09\u548c1770\/ 71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2 \u8b1b\u7fa9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u6feb\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f86\u81ea <a href=\"https:\/\/users.manchester.edu\/facstaff\/ssnaragon\/kant\/Home\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kant&nbsp;\u8b1b\u5ea7<\/a>\u548c\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u8b1b\u7fa9\u6216\u6284\u672c\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba Kant&nbsp;\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u7d14\u7cb9\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u6e90\u6587\u672c\uff08 \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8 \uff09\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u6216\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\u7684\u68d8\u624b\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Kant&nbsp;\u672c\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5f9e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u88dc\u5145\u6027\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u7d44\u7b46\u8a18\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u9010\u5b57\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5c07\u8b1b\u5ea7\u8f49\u9304\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u826f\u597d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u7576\u4ee5\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u95b1\u8b80\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u6284\u672c\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u8207 Kant&nbsp;\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a72\u6642\u671f\u7684\u9069\u7576\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef6\u548c\uff08\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff09\u6284\u672c\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6642\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u8da3\u5473\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u54f2\u5b78\u8da3\u5473\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7406\u89e3 Kant 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u61c9\u59cb\u7d42\u7262\u8a18\u8a3b\u91cb\u5b58\u5728\u6f5b\u5728\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u61c9\u6839\u64da\u5177\u9ad4\u60c5\u6cc1\u9032\u884c\u8003\u616e\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5b57\u640d\u58de\u3001\u5b57\u8de1\u96e3\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8a8d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c61\u8de1\u548c\u58a8\u8de1\uff09\u3001\u9801\u9762\u4e1f\u5931\u6216\u6495\u88c2\u3001\u62fc\u5beb\u932f\u8aa4\u3001\u904e\u6642\u7684\u6b63\u5b57\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u5be9\u6838\u54e1\u6216\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u807d\u904e\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7d04\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff1f\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u8b1b\u5ea7\u8a18\u9304\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u54ea\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u7684\u3002\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u64b0\u5beb\u65e5\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff08\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u300c\u4f86\u6e90\u8b1b\u5ea7\u300d\uff09\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u7b46\u8a18\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u8b1b\u5ea7\u767c\u751f\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\u8907\u88fd\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u3002 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\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\u6216\u8349\u7a3f\u7684\u6982\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684 Kant \u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u5b78\u751f\u6284\u672c\uff08\u624b\u7a3f\uff09\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u8cbb\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u96e3\u8b93\u5b78\u8005\u8655\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u70ba J\u00e4sche \u908f\u8f2f\u3001Rink \u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6587\u672c\u57fa\u790e\u6216\u4f86\u6e90\u8a3b\u91cb\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u53ef\u7528\u624b\u7a3f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u3001\u4e1f\u5931\u6216\u7de8\u8f2f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a \u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u9019\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5f9e Kant \u7814\u7a76\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u7de8\u8f2f\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5c0d\u6284\u672c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5e6b\u52a9\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u6284\u672c\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u78ba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e86\u89e3\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u95b1\u8b80\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86Rosenkranz\/Schubert\u3001Sonderling\u3001Dilthey \u548c Wundt \u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002Rosenkranz\/Schubert \u5728 1838 \u5e74\u7248 Kant \u6587\u96c6\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u5c0d Kant \u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6284\u672c\u8868\u793a\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u5c07\u5176\u7d0d\u5165\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f Vollmer \u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff0c&nbsp;P\u00f6litz \u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ca 1821 \u5e74\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Friedrich Christian Starke \u5728 1831 \u5e74\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8b1b\u7fa9 \u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u624b\u5beb\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6284\u672c\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1 Kant \u7684\u8b1b\u6388\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9593\u7121\u7591\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46 Sonderling \u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6bd4Rosenkranz \u548c Schubert \u7684\uff08\u6982\u62ec\u7684\uff09\u89c0\u9ede\u7a0d\u5fae\u6e96\u78ba\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Pozzo \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u96d9\u91cd\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u7684\u65b7\u8a00\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684 Kant \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u5206\u96e2\u4f3c\u4e4e\u904e\u65bc\u5f37\u70c8\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7acb\u5834\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ecb\u65bc\u300c\u96d9\u91cd\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u61c9\u300d\u89c0\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u6284\u672c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u7279\u5fb5\u3001\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u50f9\u503c\u505a\u51fa\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6703\u5728\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4ed4\u7d30\u6aa2\u8996\u6bcf\u500b\u6587\u672c \u2014\u2014 Kant \u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u5e74\u3001\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5f35\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8b80\u6cd5\u6216\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8f49\u9304\uff1f\u6709\u95dc\u6284\u672c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u6284\u672c\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u533f\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca Kant \u662f\u5426\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6216\u53cd\u601d\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8207\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u6709 Kant \u4f5c\u54c1\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-476-05268-1_14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Akademie-Ausgabe<\/a> \u7248\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002\u5728\u8a72\u7248\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0cWilhelm Dilthey \u64d4\u4efb\u8a72\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u5011\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u6750\u6599\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u4f86\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c Kant \u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u7531 Kant \u5df2\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff09\u70ba Kant \u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6750\u6599\u2026\u2026\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c0\u5730\u4e86\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5 \u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u807d\u773e\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5728\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u3002\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/users.manchester.edu\/facstaff\/ssnaragon\/kant\/Home\/indexSiteIndex.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Naragon, <em>Kant&#8217;s Lectures<\/em> (forthcoming)<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dilthey \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5f9e Herder&nbsp;\u662f Kant \u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5230 Kant \u5b78\u8853\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u7b46\u8a18\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\uff0cDilthey \u4e5f\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u8b1b\u7fa9\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6284\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff1f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba Kant \u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u8a18\u9304\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u5730\u5ba3\u7a31\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u65b7\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6240\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u9054\u5230\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u2026\u2026\u3002 \u8003\u616e\u5230\u7576\u6642\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6750\u6599\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u3002\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/users.manchester.edu\/facstaff\/ssnaragon\/kant\/Home\/indexSiteIndex.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Naragon, <em>Kant&#8217;s Lectures<\/em> (forthcoming)<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cMax Wundt&nbsp;\u6279\u8a55 Paulsen\uff081899\uff09\u5c0d P\u00f6litz&nbsp; \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7e3d\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u8a18\u7b46\u8a18\u8005\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3001\u52e4\u596e\u548c\u7d30\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8003\u616e\u9019\u4e9b\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u2026\u2026\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u7c97\u5fc3\u5730\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fe1\u4efb\u8a18\u9304\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u80fd\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5207\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u66f4\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1f\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e9b\u6559\u689d\u5b78\u8aaa\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6279\u5224\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u56f0\u96e3\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u67d0\u4e9b\u660e\u78ba\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6bd4\u5176\u5408\u7406\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7121\u7591\u6bd4\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684\u610f\u5716\u66f4\u6559\u689d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u4e9b\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u6642\u9593 \u2014\u2014 \u6216\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u7b46\u8a18\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u9593\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u2026\u2026\u3002\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/users.manchester.edu\/facstaff\/ssnaragon\/kant\/Home\/indexSiteIndex.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Naragon, <em>Kant&#8217;s Lectures<\/em> (forthcoming)<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5728\u8b80\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u671f\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0cWundt \u4f3c\u4e4e\u904e\u65bc\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u6284\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u7576\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u81ea\u7136\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6284\u672c\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0cWundt \u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fe1\u4efb\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\u53ef\u80fd\u907a\u6f0f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u6216\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u66f4\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u67e5\u770b\u5404\u7a2e\u95b1\u8b80\u6750\u6599\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u8b1b\u7fa9\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u4f46 Wundt \u662f\u5c0d\u7684\uff0cKant \u4f7f\u7528\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u7d66\u8b1b\u7fa9\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u6559\u689d\u7684\u5473\u9053\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cKant \u986f\u7136\u9084\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u8b93\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u63a1\u7528\u67af\u71e5\u548c\u300c\u5b78\u8853\u300d\u8a9e\u6c23\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\u78ba\u5be6\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f Kant \u3001\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u65c1\u807d\u8005\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9069\u7528\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\u3001\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7de8\u8f2f\uff09\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u6df7\u5408\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u662f\u8981\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u7531\u54ea\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u6642\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wundt \u5c0d Kowalewski \u767c\u8868\u7684 Dohna \u7b46\u8a18\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u4f46\u4ecd\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u4e94\u6b72\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u5411\u6211\u5011\u63ed\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc Kant \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u65b0\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u300c\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u300d\u6216\u660e\u986f\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u7565\u5e36\u4eba\u8eab\u653b\u64ca\u6027\u8cea\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6284\u672c\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4eba\u5011\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e86\u6284\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7d50\u679c\u6216\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5fc3\u667a\u4e0a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u4ecd\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5fe0\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u7de8\u8f2f\u548c Dilthey \u7684\u6700\u521d\u9858\u666f\uff0cAkademie-Ausgabe \u51fa\u7248\u4e86 Kant \u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u4e26\u6b63\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3 Kant \u5b78\u8005\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6750\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u3002Kant \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u3001\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5df2\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u6cd5\u8a9e\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u8a9e\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5c0d\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u4e26\u4e0d\u65b0\u9bae\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u6b64\u985e\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u5c08\u8457\u6709\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e3b\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6216\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cKant \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u3002\u9019\u5834\u722d\u8ad6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5f88\u5feb\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5c0d\u6284\u672c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\uff0c\u66f4\u54f2\u5b78\u5730\u8b1b\uff0c\u5c0d\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\uff09\u5f9e\u672a\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u5c0d\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f Kant \u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u55ae\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u800c\u8a72\u5217\u8868\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\u7684\u57fa\u790e \u2014\u2014 \u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5f9e Kant \u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u76f8\u5c0d\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3 \u8b1b\u7fa9\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kant.bbaw.de\/de\/online-auftritt\/herder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nachschrift <\/a>\u6700\u597d\u7528\u4f5c\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8853\u8a9e\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u7b46\u8a18\u3001\u9019\u4e9b\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u526f\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7d44\u7b46\u8a18\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u539f\u59cb\u7b46\u8a18\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uniturm.de\/unterlagen\/kant-2148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mitschrift<\/a>\uff1b\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba <a href=\"https:\/\/webarchive.bbaw.de\/default\/20210108100638\/http:\/\/kant.bbaw.de\/HerderTranscription\/BeginHere.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Urschrift<\/a>\uff0c\u6216\u539f\u59cb\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u5b57\uff09\u662f\u5728\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u5be6\u969b\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u3002\u9019\u985e\u539f\u59cb\u7b46\u8a18\u901a\u5e38\u6a19\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7e2e\u5beb\u548c\u88ab\u622a\u65b7\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u925b\u7b46\u5beb\u7684\u5306\u5fd9\u7684\u7b46\u8de1\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7d19\u7247\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u3002 \u73fe\u5b58\u7684 Kant \u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u662f\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u5beb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e7e\u6de8\u526f\u672c\u662f\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u7d44\u539f\u59cb\u7b46\u8a18\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\uff0c\u901a\u200b\u200b\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u6574\u6f54\u7684\u624b\u7a3f \uff0c\u7e2e\u5beb\u548c\u622a\u65b7\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u4f7f\u7528\u58a8\u6c34\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u62fc\u5beb\u548c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u932f\u8aa4\u8f03\u5c11\u3002\u6709\u6642\u6703\u900f\u904e\u647a\u75d5\u9801\u9762\u4f86\u4ed4\u7d30\u6e96\u5099\u9801\u908a\u8ddd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6a19\u984c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u88dd\u98fe\u6027\u6216\u88dd\u98fe\u6027\u8173\u672c\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5275\u5efa\u4e00\u4efd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u95b1\u8b80\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u66f4\u597d\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u526f\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u5e36\u5165\u8ab2\u5802\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5076\u723e\u6703\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002Dohna-Wundlacken\u3001Mrongovius \u548c Vigilantius \u7de8\u5beb\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.online.uni-marburg.de\/kant_old\/webseitn\/gt_n_ort.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nachschriften<\/a> \u662f\u4e7e\u6de8\u5e73\u526f\u672c\u7684\u597d\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0cVigilantius \u7684\u8a3b\u91cb\u7279\u5225\u986f\u793a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u65c1\u6ce8\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65c1\u6ce8\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc Kant \u8209\u884c\u7684\u8907\u8ff0\u6703\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/archives\/NNL_ARCHIVE_AL990034361900205171\/NLI#$FL81677226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u526f\u672c\uff08Abschrift\uff09<\/a>\u662f\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u5b57\u8907\u88fd\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9b\u81ea\u5df1\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u552e\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u526f\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6d88\u9664\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u660e\u986f\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8907\u88fd\u6587\u672c \u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\u5e38\u5e38\u592a\u7121\u77e5\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6b63\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6284\u5beb\u54e1\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u624b\u7a3f\u662f\u8907\u88fd\u54c1\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8de1\u8c61\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u96e3\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8a8d\u6642\u7559\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u3001\u55ae\u5b57\u6216\u6574\u884c\u5beb\u4e86\u5169\u6b21\uff08\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565\uff09\u3001\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u7a31\u6216\u54f2\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u975e\u8a9e\u97f3\u62fc\u5b57\u932f\u8aa4\u8868\u660e\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u6284\u672c\u3002\u51fa\u5e2d\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u9010\u5b57\u8a18\u9304\u7684 Nachschriften \u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u660e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u88fd\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u67d0\u500b\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u7576\u526f\u672c\u4e0d\u65b7\u8907\u88fd\u6642\uff0c\u8907\u88fd\u932f\u8aa4\u5c31\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u7d2f\u7a4d\u55ce\uff1f\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5229\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u97f3\u7b26\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2 \uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u78ba\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u59cb\u7b26\u8a18\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u55ae\u7d14\u8907\u88fd\u624b\u7a3f\uff08\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u932f\u8aa4\u90fd\u6703\u6084\u6084\u51fa\u73fe\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65b0\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5169\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u539f\u59cb\u624b\u7a3f\u5275\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u526f\u672c\u6703\u5728\u6e90\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u6e96\u5099\u597d &#8211; \u7136\u5f8c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u88ab\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u8907\u88fd\u3002\u6642\u4e0d\u6642\u5730\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u591a\u4efd\u624b\u7a3f\u7d44\u6210\u7684 Nachschrift \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u6e90\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u66f4\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u5e36\u8457\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u7d44\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u526f\u672c\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u8f03\u65e9\u7684\u6e90\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff09\u8d70\u9032\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65c1\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u6587\u548c\u65c1\u6ce8\u5c07\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u88cf\uff0c\u6284\u8972\u3001\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u51fa\u552e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662fKant \u8b1b\u7fa9\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u751f\u7522\u548c\u92b7\u552e\u751f\u610f\u76f8\u7576\u53ef\u89c0\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Kant \u5728 1778 \u5e74\u8207 Marcus Herz \u548cMinister von Zedlitz \u90e8\u9577\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0cKant \u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u70ba\u719f\u4eba\u7372\u53d6\u8b1b\u7fa9\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u7b46\u8a18\u8981\u9ebc\u7531\u5b78\u751f\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u7d44\u7b46\u8a18\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u88ab\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u300d\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u7121\u6cd5\u53c3\u52a0 Kant \u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u9700\u8981\u9019\u4e9b\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u50cf\u5b78\u751f\u5c07\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u526f\u672c\u5e36\u5230 Kant \u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u9084\u5305\u542b Herder \u6578\u5b78\u3001Herder \u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u201c<em>Naturrecht Feyerabend<\/em>\u201d \u548c \u201c<em>Danziger Physik<\/em>\u201d \u6284\u672c\u9801\u9762\u7684\u7167\u7247\u8907\u88fd\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u9801\u9762\u4e0a\u6240\u5beb\u8a3b\u91cb\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u5305\u62ecKant \u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Meier \u7684\u6458\u9304\u548c Baumgarten \u7684 \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Kant \u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u6750\u5370\u5237\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u9801\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8907\u88fd\u54c1\u548c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u201c\u4fee\u98fe\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6284\u672c\u6216\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u5916\u89c0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c31 Baumgarten \u548c Meier \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u76f8\u61c9\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u8a3b\u91cb\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 \u64d4\u4efb\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684 Kant <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kant \u66fe\u64d4\u4efb\u79c1\u4eba\u8b1b\u5e2b\u5341\u4e94\u5e74 (1755-70)\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u65bc 1770 \u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u666e\u901a\u6559\u6388\u3002Kant \u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u8b7d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ff7\u4eba\u4e14\u9f13\u821e\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u8b1b\u5e2b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f<a href=\"http:\/\/%3Ciframe%20src=&quot;https\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fwaihung.wong.666%2Fposts%2Fpfbid035S1LMGCCNHfrrwD77xD4Q6sRTNjqwPSxt9tDFrNyMwASvgoXrEVPpMDhNLGuAZKGl&amp;show_text=true&amp;width=500%22%20width=%22500%22%20height=%22193%22%20style=%22border:none;overflow:hidden%22%20scrolling=%22no%22%20frameborder=%220%22%20allowfullscreen=%22true%22%20allow=%22autoplay;%20clipboard-write;%20encrypted-media;%20picture-in-picture;%20web-share%22%3E%3C\/iframe%3E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4e0d\u8fd1\u4eba\u60c5<\/a>\u7684\u3002\u95dc\u65bc Kant \u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u8a18\u8ff0\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8efc\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Johann Gottfried Herder \u5728 1762 \u5e74\u81f3 1764 \u5e74\u9593\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86 Kant \u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002Herder \u5728\u96e2\u958b\u5927\u5b78\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728 \u201c<em>Letters on the Advancement of Humanity<\/em>\u201d\uff08\u7b2c 79 \u5c01\u4fe1\uff09\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u6709\u5e78\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u8457\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6d3b\u529b\u5c07\u4f34\u96a8\u4ed6\u5230\u665a\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u90a3\u70ba\u601d\u8003\u800c\u751f\u7684\u984d\u982d\uff0c\u662f\u5805\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u7684\u5be7\u975c\u548c\u6b61\u6a02\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5634\u88cf\u767c\u51fa\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u3001\u5e7d\u9ed8\u548c\u6a5f\u667a\u96a8\u8655\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u662f\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5a1b\u6a02\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u7814\u7a76\u4e86 Leibniz \u3001Wolff\u3001Baumgarten \u548c Hume \uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8ffd\u96a8\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001Kepler \u548c Newton \u6240\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684 Rousseau \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684 Emile \u548c\u4ed6\u7684 Heloise\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e3d\u662f\u56de\u6b78\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8a8d\u8b58\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u662f\u4ed6\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u548c\u8ac7\u8a71\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u503c\u5f97\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u8b93\u4ed6\u6f20\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9670\u8b00\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u865b\u69ae\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u8207\u771f\u7406\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u548c\u95e1\u660e\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u7d72\u6beb\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u9f13\u52f5\u4e26\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u6109\u5feb\u5730\u7368\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u3002 \u5c08\u6a6b\u8dcb\u6248\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u672c\u6027\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u6211\u61f7\u8457\u6700\u5927\u7684\u611f\u6fc0\u548c\u656c\u610f\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u5c31\u662f&nbsp;Immanuel Kant\u3002\uff08Friedrich, Carl J. \u201c<em>The Philosophy of Kant\uff0c1949<\/em>\u201d\uff1ap xxii \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kant \u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a55\u50f9\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u5f15\u7528\u3002Kant \u5728 1773 \u5e74\u5e95\u5beb\u7d66 Marcus Herz \u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u7576\u6642 Marcus Herz \u525b\u525b\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7 Ernst Platner \u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6559\u6388\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u5728 1772\/73 \u5e74\u51ac\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\u6559\u6388\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u8b80\u904e\u4f60\u5c0d Platner \u7684 \u201c<em>Anthropologie<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002 \u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u731c\u5230\u5be9\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u958b\u8a2d\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u6253\u7b97\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u6253\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u9580\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u5f88\u7368\u7279\u3002\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u5207\uff08\u5be6\u8e10\uff09\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u969b\u4ea4\u5f80\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u6211\u5c07\u5c0b\u6c42\u8a0e\u8ad6\u73fe\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u7dad\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u5668\u5b98\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u806f\u7e6b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u4e14\u5728\u6211\u770b\u4f86\u6c38\u9060\u5f92\u52de\u7684\u8a62\u554f\u3002\u6211\u5305\u542b\u77ad\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u5c0d\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u6211\u7684\u65c1\u807d\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u6211\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f9e\u4e0d\u67af\u71e5\u3002 \u5728\u696d\u9918\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u6211\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u9019\u9805\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u5be6\u8b49\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u5b78\u751f\u6e96\u5099\u4e00\u9805\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c0d\u6280\u80fd\u672c\u8cea\uff08\u8b39\u614e\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\uff08 \u201cCorrespondence\u201d (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant)\uff0c p 141\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9072\u5230\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u8acb\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u4e0b 1795 \u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\u908f\u8f2f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5b78\u671f\uff0cKant \u8b1b\u6388\u4e86\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\uff08 50 \u540d\u65c1\u807d\u8005 \uff09 \u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\uff08 33 \u540d\u65c1\u807d\u8005 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba 15 \u540d\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5be6\u7fd2\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5728 1795 \u5e744 \u670830 \u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u8cb4\u65cf Wenzel Johann Gottfried von Purgstall \uff081773-1812 \u5e74\uff09\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66 Reinhold \u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u4e00 Wilhelm Joseph Kalmann\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u908f\u8f2f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6bcf\u6b21\u96e2\u958b\u4ed6\u7684\u79ae\u5802\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e36\u56de\u4e00\u4e9b\u95e1\u660e\u6027\u7684\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7406\u89e3 \u201c<em>Critiques of Pure and Practical Reason<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u56f0\u96e3\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 \u2026 \u3002 \u4e00\u65e6\u80fd\u807d\u61c2\u4ed6\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u56f0\u96e3\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u5f8c\u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u90a3\u6a23\u7406\u89e3\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u6b63\u8655\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u9019\u8b93\u4ed6\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6027\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u96a8\u5f8c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 <em>Critique of the Power Judgment<\/em> \u4e2d\u7f8e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u6613\u61c2\u548c\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u5149\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u807d\u5b8c\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u500b\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u8a72\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u719f\u6089\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e86\u3002 \uff08 Naragon \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/users.manchester.edu\/facstaff\/ssnaragon\/kant\/Lectures\/ListAccounts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Kant in the Classroom<\/em><\/a>\u201d \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Kant \u5f9e\u672a\u958b\u8a2d\u904e\u300c\u7f8e\u5b78\u300d\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u8b1b\u6388\u908f\u8f2f\u6642\u986f\u7136\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u548c\uff08\u7f8e\u3001\u5224\u65b7\u529b\u7b49\uff09\u4e3b\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5 \u4e0d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u907a\u6f0f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6216\u907a\u6f0f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6176\u5e78\u7684\u662f \uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003 Kant \u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u66f8\u80fd\u91dd\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u5b78\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u95e1\u660e\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4f86\u634d\u885b\u6216\u53cd\u99c1\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23 \uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u9593\u63a5\u300d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6709\u591a\u7dca\u5bc6\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u770b\u6cd5 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u7121\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5bdf\u89ba\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u660e\u986f\u589e\u9577\u7684 Kant \u7248\u672c\u3001\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3001\u6307\u5357\u548c\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u672c\u66f8\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u7e7c\u627f\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u7576\u4ee3\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u300d\u54f2\u5b78\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f9e Kant \u90a3\u88e1\u7e7c\u627f\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u548c Kant \u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u7e7c\u7e8c\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u554f\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u63ed\u9732\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u7528 Bernard Williams \u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u8b93\u719f\u6089\u7684\u518d\u6b21\u8b8a\u5f97\u964c\u751f\u201d\uff08 \u201c<em>The Sense of the Past: Essays in the History of Philosophy\uff0c2006<\/em>\u201d\uff1ap 260\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u4e9b\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e26\u7531\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5beb\u4f5c\u3001\u6e9d\u901a\u6216\u6559\u6388\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5851\u9020\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u503c\u5f97\u770b\u770b\u5b78\u8853\u54f2\u5b78 \u2500\u2500 \u5305\u62ec\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5beb\u4f5c\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u4fb5\u5165\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u300c\u51fa\u7248\u6216\u6ec5\u4ea1\u300d\u98a8\u6c23 \u2500\u2500 \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5be6\u8e10\u53d7\u5230\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u6216\u8cea\u7591\u8def\u7dda\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002\u95dc\u65bc Aristotle \u6216 Simplicius\u3001Plotinus \u6216Proclus\u3001Averroes \u6216 Aquinas\u3001Baumgarten \u6216 Hutcheson\u3001Fichte \u6216 Hegel\u3001Arendt \u6216 Rawls \u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u8457\u4f5c\u6703\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\uff1f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u751f\u6d3b\u8207 Kant \u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f \u2500\u2500 \u81f3\u5c11\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa \u2500\u2500 \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u751a\u9ebc\u54f2\u5b78\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1f\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u6027\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u600e\u9ebc\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u627f\u8a8d\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6 \u7ae0\u7bc0\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5728\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u9032\u884c\u8a9e\u5883\u5316\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8003\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u95dc\u6ce8\u7bc4\u570d\u8f03\u7a84\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u95dc\u6ce8\u7bc4\u570d\u8f03\u5ee3\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u7372\u5f97\u5c0d\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u66f4\u660e\u667a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u901a\u904e\u8003\u616e\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\u548c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6216\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u8003\u616e\u5230\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u6216\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8003\u5bdf\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Steve Naragon (&nbsp;Reading Kant in Herder\u2019s Lecture Notes) \u4f7f\u7528 Kant \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d Herder \u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u5340\u5206\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u4e09\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff1aKant\u3001Baumgarten \u548c Baumgarten \u7684\u4e00\u822c\u554f\u984c\u3002Naragon \u9996\u5148\u5c0d Kant \u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7528\u9014\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d Herder \u7b46\u8a18\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u9ad4\u89c0\u5bdf \u3002 \u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u5c0d\u771f\u5be6\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e Kant \u7684\u8072\u97f3\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Herder \u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u3002Naragon \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u548c Kant \u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u800c Kant \u8207\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6709\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Courtney D.\u202fFugate ( The Unity of Metaphysics in Kant\u2019s Lectures )\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86Kant \u5728\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u548c\u795e\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 Baumgarten \u7684 <em>Metaphysica <\/em>\uff08Courtney Fugate \u8207 John Hymers \u5408\u8b6f\u3002<em>Metaphysics: A Critical Translation with Kant&#8217;s Elucidations, Selected Notes, and Related Materials<\/em> \uff0c2013\uff09\uff0cCourtney D.\u202fFugate \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6703\u7d66\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684 Kant \u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4f86 Kant \u5c0d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f \u9019\u8207 Baumgarten \u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1fKant \u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u4ed6\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1fFugate \u7814\u7a76\u4e86 Kant \u5728\u5176\u6559\u5b78\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9019\u9805\u6311\u6230\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86 1764 \u5e74\u548c 1780 \u5e74\u4ee3\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u95dc\u6ce8 Kant \u70ba\u5b78\u751f\u5efa\u69cb\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207 Kant \u5982\u4f55\u9078\u64c7\u3001\u62d2\u7d55\u3001\u4e26\u4fee\u6539\u4e86 Baumgarten \u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u5404\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u90e8\u5206\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dennis Schulting ( Transcendental Apperception and Consciousness in Kant\u2019s Lectures on Metaphysics ) \u5728\u8207 Kant \u6279\u5224\u968e\u6bb5\u540c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u95dc\u6ce8\u5148\u9a57\u7684\u7d71\u89ba\u548c\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86 Kant \u7d71\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6\u7684 Leibniz \u548c Wolff \u4e3b\u7fa9\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5728\u8b1b\u7fa9\u548c Kant \u6279\u5224\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u4ed6\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u6a21\u7cca\u8868\u5fb5\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6f84\u6e05 Kant \u7684\u7d71\u89ba\u8207\u7d14\u7cb9\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86 Kant \u7684\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u524d\u6279\u5224\u6642\u671f\u7684 Herder \u548c P\u00f6litz \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u6279\u5224\u6642\u671f\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u5373 von Sch\u00f6n \u548c Mrongovius \u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300c\u7d71\u89ba\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73fe\u4e26\u9019\u8868\u660e Kant \u80cc\u96e2\u4e86 Leibniz -Wolff \u5f0f\u7684\u7d71\u89ba\u8207\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u6279\u5224\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u907a\u7559\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8003\u616e\u4e86Mrongovius \u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u5167\u5728\u611f\u89ba\u548c\u5148\u9a57\u7d71\u89ba\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cSchulting \u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0cKant \u64c1\u8b77\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u8207 Leibniz \u7684\u6f38\u9032\u77e5\u89ba\u6982\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corey W.\u202f Dyck ( Beyond the Paralogisms: The Proofs of Immortality in the Lectures on Metaphysics) \u8a8d\u70ba Kant \u5728\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6279\u5224\u4e2d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u88dc\u5145\u3002Dyck \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u64f4\u5c55\u4e86 Kant \u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u95e1\u660e Kant \u5c0d\u9748\u9b42\u4e0d\u673d\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u65b9\u9762\u7279\u5225\u6709\u7528\uff0cKant \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6279\u5224\u4e2d\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c11\u63d0\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cDyck \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8a3b\u91cb\u4e2d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u5730\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u65bc\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u6559\u7fa9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5c07\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Huaping Lu-Adler (&nbsp;Constructing a Demonstration of Logical Rules, or How to Use Kant\u2019s Logic Corpus) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Kant \u908f\u8f2f\u6587\u737b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u5176\u8c50\u5bcc\u6027\u548c\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u50f9\u503c\u3002 \u5979\u7814\u7a76\u4e86 <em>J\u00e4sche Logik<\/em> \u3001<em>Wiener Logik<\/em>\u3001<em>Logik Dohna-Wundlacken <\/em>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u908f\u8f2f\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0cKant \u5c07\u908f\u8f2f\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u5c0d\u7d14\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u601d\u7dad\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u8a8d\u77e5\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc3\u667a\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u77e5\uff09\u3002 \u5979\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86 Kant \u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u95e1\u660e\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\uff1aKant \u8a8d\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u61c9\u8a72\u5305\u542b\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528 Georg Friedrich Meier \u7684 <em>Auszug aus der Vernunftlehre<\/em> \u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u5c0d Aristotle \u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u4f55\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba Aristotle \u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u9ede\u4e0a\u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u5176\u6559\u7fa9\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8655\u7406 Kant \u908f\u8f2f\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u900f\u904e\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6750\u6599\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb Kant \u5f0f\u7684\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u5c55\u793a Kant \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6f14\u7e79\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u601d\u7dad\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u61c9\u7528\u5979\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u5979\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u984c\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u958b\u95e2\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u4e26\u61c9\u7528\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c&nbsp;Lu-Adler&nbsp;\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u73fe\u4ee3\u908f\u8f2f\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Locke \u548cWolff \u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\uff0cKant\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6709\u6642\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u878d\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riccardo Pozzo (Kant\u2019s Latin in Class) \u7814\u7a76\u4e86Kant\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u5c0d\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u908f\u8f2f \u201c\u6587\u672c\u201d \u5f9e\u4ea4\u932f\u624b\u518a\uff08durchschossenes Handbuch\uff09\u5230\u5b78\u751f\u8b1b\u5ea7\u8f49\u9304\uff08Vorlesungsnachschrift\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07 Kant \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6279\u5224\u9023\u7d50\u3002 Pozzo \u5f9e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u6d41\u6d3e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u65e5\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4ee5 Kant \u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u7d50\u675f\uff0cKant \u5728Meier \u7684\u6458\u9304\u7684\u4ea4\u932f\u526f\u672c\u4e2d\u5beb\u4e0b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6e90\u81ea Kant \u5728\u8907\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u807d\u5beb\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002Pozzo \u89e3\u91cb\u4e86 Kant \u5805\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e26\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u300aNachschriften\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684 <em>Critique of Pure Reason<\/em> \u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8a2d\u60f3\u70ba\u7f8e\u5b78\uff08\u5373\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\uff09\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oliver Sensen (The Supreme Principle of Morality\uff09\u5728\u6574\u500b\u5b78\u751f\u8b1b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86Kant\u9053\u5fb7\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u95e1\u660e\u4e86Kant\u5c0d\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 Kant \u65e9\u57281760 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5c0d\u53e6\u985e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u8b8a\u5316\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728 Collins \u8b1b\u7fa9\u4e2d\uff081770 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff09\u5df2\u63a5\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u6709\u4e3b\u89c0\u89c0\u5ff5\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002Sensen \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u4e86 <em>Groundwork<\/em> \u548c\u540c\u6642\u671f\u7684 Mrongovius II \u8b1b\u7fa9\uff0cKant \u7684\u6b63\u89e3\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5c31\u95e1\u660e\u4e86 Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u6642\uff0cSensen \u6982\u8ff0\u4e86 Kant \u56db\u7d44\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5c0e\u81f4 Kant \u6539\u8b8a\u9053\u5fb7\u52d5\u6a5f\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Faustino Fabbianelli\uff08Kant\u2019s Concept of Moral Imputatio\uff09\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86 Kant \u9053\u5fb7\u6b78\u548e\/\u8cac\uff08imputatio\uff09\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31 Kant \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b78\u56e0\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff1b\u4ed6\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b78\u96c6\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002Fabbianelli \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cKant \u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u53cd\u6620\u4e86 Kant \u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6ce2\u52d5\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f Kant \u8207\u95dc\u9375\u54f2\u5b78\u4eba\u7269\u5982 J.\u2006A.\u2006H.Ulrich\u3001C.\u2006C.\u2006E.Schmid \u548c K.\u2006L. Reinhold \u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4f8b\u3002Fabbianelli \u5c07 Kant \u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u8207\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6b78\u548e\/\u8cac\u8457\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4e26\u6839\u64da Kant \u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6216\u540c\u60c5\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paul Guyer (Play and Society in the Lectures on Anthropology)\u8f49\u5411Kant\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u5728 <em>Critique of the Power of Judgment <\/em>\u4e2d\u767c\u8868\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u904a\u6232\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u4ed6\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4e09\u500b\u8f49\u9304\uff1aCollins\uff0c\u5f9e Kant \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8b1b\u6388\u8ab2\u7a0b\u958b\u59cb\uff081772\/73\uff09\uff0cFriedl\u00e4nder \uff081775\/76\uff09\u548c Mrongovius\uff081784\/85\uff09\u3002Guyer \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6284\u672c\u662f Kant \u7f8e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u548c\u5275\u9020\u7f8e\u7684\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002Guyer \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0cKant \u5728\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7f8e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u6109\u6085\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u54c1\u5473\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alix Cohen (From Faking It to Making It: The Feeling of Love of Honor as an Aid to Morality)\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9f13\u52f5\u767c\u5c55\u71b1\u611b\u69ae\u8b7d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0cKant\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e0d\u50c5\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u53cd\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u8d0a\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u771f\u6b63\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u6e34\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u88ab\u91cd\u8996\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0cCohen \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u71b1\u611b\u69ae\u8b7d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u6027 \uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fdd\u8b77\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002 \u5979\u9996\u5148\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u69ae\u8b7d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u69ae\u8b7d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u7dad\u8b77\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f9e\u800c\u57f9\u990a\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u8f49\u5411\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f9e\u6700\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684 \u201c\u5e6b\u52a9\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u65e2\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u81ea\u5c0a\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u6fc0\u52f5\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u8b8a\u5f97\u503c\u5f97\u69ae\u8b7d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c07\u611b\u69ae\u8b7d\u611f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5f9e\u5c0d\u865b\u5047\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u50be\u5411\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u8f14\u52a9\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0cKant \u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7acb\u5834\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e26\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u4e00\u822c\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u95dc\u5fc3\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Werner Stark (Immanuel Kant\u2019s On Pedagogy: A Lecture Like Any Other?)\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86 Kant \u6559\u6388\u904e\u56db\u6b21\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\uff081776\/77\u30011780\u30011783\/84\u30011786\/87\uff09\u3002Friedrich Theodor Rink \u662f Kant \u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u540c\u4e8b\u548c\u524d\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u7de8\u8f2f\u4e26\u51fa\u7248\u4e86<em> Immanuel Kant: On Pedagogy <\/em>(1803 )\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u76ee\u7684\uff0cStark \u8b66\u544a\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u64da\u7a31\u7531Kant \u5728 1780 \u5e74\u4ee3\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6284\u672c (Nachschrift)\uff1b \u6c92\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301 Rink \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u8a72\u6587\u672c\u662f\u7531 Kant \u70ba\u5176\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5beb\u4e0b\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7b46\u8a18\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0cWeisskopf\uff081970\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u6587\u672c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7531 Rink \u5c0d\u7570\u8cea\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f59\u7de8\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5f9e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u4f86\u770b\uff0cStark \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7262\u8a18 1780 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1790 \u5e74\u4ee3\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u6539\u9769\u548cAlbertina\u2019s Faculty of Philosophy \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u5225\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u548c\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<em>Immanuel Kant: On Pedagogy <\/em>(1803 )\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d Kant \u5c31\u8b80\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u53cd\u5efa\u8b70\u3002Stark\u7e3d\u7d50\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c<em>Immanuel Kant: On Pedagogy <\/em>(1803 ) \u5c6c\u65bc <em>The Conflict of the Faculties <\/em>\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5ee3\u95ca\u80cc\u666f\uff0cKant \u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u4e0d\u665a\u65bc 1798 \u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Susan Meld Shell (Reading Kant\u2019s Lectures on Pedagogy) \u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba Rink \u7684 <em>Lectures on Pedagogy<\/em> (or <em>Immanuel Kant: On Pedagogy<\/em>) \u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u6f2b\u9577\u800c\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u3002Shell \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c<em>Lectures on Pedagogy<\/em> \uff081803\uff09\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u6bd4\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u7684\u8981\u5927\u3002 \u4ed4\u7d30\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u5728 Kant \u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c<em>Lectures on Pedagogy<\/em> \u986f\u793a\u51fa\u8207 Kant \u5728 1780 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f <em>Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason<\/em>\uff081792 \u5e74\uff09\u548c <em>Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View<\/em>\uff081798\uff09\u3002 \u5728 Kant \u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u919e\u91c0\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u5927\u773e\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u722d\u5df2\u7d93\u9677\u5165\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Shell\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5c08\u9580\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u9019\u5834\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86 Kant \u5c0d\u8abf\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u5408\u6cd5\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u6ce8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4ed6\u5728 1760 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u95b1\u8b80 Rousseau \u7684<em>Emile<\/em> \u6642\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">John Zammito (Philosophy for Everyman: Kant\u2019s Encyclopedia Course)\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9 \u2014\u2014 \u5373\u4f7f\u662f 1775 \u5e74\u7684\u6b98\u7247\u5f62\u5f0f \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 1760 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684 Kant\u3001\u5f9e\u5927\u773e\u54f2\u5b78\u7684 Kant \u5230\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u8ab2\u7a0b\u662fKant\u5c0d\u5927\u773e\u54f2\u5b78\u77ed\u66ab\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u6279\u5224\u8f49\u5411\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002Zammito \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u7a0b\u662fKant \u5728\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u5c07\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u54f2\u5b78\u300d\u7f6e\u65bc\u300c\u5b78\u6821\u54f2\u5b78\u300d\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u5eb7\u5fb7\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002Zammito \u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff0cKant \u5c0d\u7f8e\u5b78\u6587\u5b78\u512a\u96c5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u662f\u672c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6559\u6750\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cZammito \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cKant \u5c0d Johann Feder\uff08\u4ed6\u5728\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\uff09\u548c Feder \u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u4f4d\u79fb\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5728 G\u00f6ttingen \u5c0d <em>Critique of Pure Reason <\/em>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff081781\uff09\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u722d\u5435\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9802\u5cf0\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u89e3\u91cbKant \u653e\u68c4\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Frederick Rauscher (&nbsp;Did Kant Justify the French Revolution Ex Post Facto?) \u8f49\u5411 Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u6b0a\u5229\uff08\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\uff09\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u201cNaturrecht Feyerabend\u201d\uff081784 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u6b0a\u5229\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5(Naturrecht) \u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6284\u672c\uff0cRauscher \u5c07\u5176\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70baThe Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant \u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002 Rauscher \u56de\u9867\u4e86\u6587\u5b57\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207 Kant \u5df2\u767c\u8868\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u8a72\u7ae0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u6b0a\u548c\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002Rauscher \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728 1784 \u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c Kant \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u95dc\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u7576\u6cd5\u570b\u570b\u738b\u53ec\u96c6\u4e09\u7d1a\u6703\u8b70\u6642\uff0c\u541b\u4e3b\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u79fb\u56de\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcnter Z\u00f6ller ( \u201cWithout hope and fear\u201d: Kant\u2019s Naturrecht Feyerabend on Bindingness and Obligation\uff09\u95dc\u65bc\u300cNaturrecht Feyerabend\u300d\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86Kant\u95dc\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u502b\u7406\u4e2d\u300c\u7d04\u675f\u529b\u300d\uff08Verbindlichkeit\uff09\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002 Z\u00f6ller \u5c07\u8f49\u9304\u4e2d\u5c0d Verbindlichkeit \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f6e\u65bc\u6c11\u6cd5\u7fa9\u52d9\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bcKant \u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5f9e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u767c\u5c55\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002Z\u00f6ller\u8ac7\u5230\u4e86 Plato \u548cKant \u8a66\u5716\u5728\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u502b\u7406\u539f\u5247\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c07\u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u7684\uff08\u79c1\u4eba\uff09\u7fa9\u52d9\u5b78\u8aaa\u8996\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7d04\u675f\u529b\u3002 Z\u00f6ller \u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8f49\u9304\u4e2d\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u8207\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a72\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u502b\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9593\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u5206\u5225\u8207\u5eb7\u5fb7\u540c\u671f\u7684 <em>Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals<\/em>\uff081785\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stephen Palmquist (Kant\u2019s Lectures on Philosophical Theology \u2013 Training-Ground for the Moral Pedagogy of Religion?) \u53e9\u554f Kant \u5c0d\u4ed6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248 <em>Preface to Religion<\/em> \u4e2d\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u6709\u591a\u8a8d\u771f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u9069\u5408\u7528\u4f5c\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u7684\u5fc5\u8b80\u8b80\u7269\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\u5c07\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u52a0\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u3002\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5e74\u3002Palmquist \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u9996\u5148\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u4e3b\u984c \uff0c\u4e26\u96a8\u8457\u6587\u672c\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f49\u5411 Kant \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f P\u00f6litz \u95dc\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u4f86\u56de\u7b54\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c1792 \u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u8b1b\u6388\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e Kant \u5728\u6559\u6388\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u795e\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6642\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3001\u96a8\u5f8c\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff1f\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8b1b\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a Kant \u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u5167\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u65e9\u65bc\u4ed6\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norbert Fischer&nbsp; (Kant as Pastor) \u5247\u805a\u7126\u5728 Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684 P\u00f6litz \u7248\u672c\u3002Fischer&nbsp;\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u53d7\u904e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6559\u7267\u670d\u52d9\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u5728 Kant \u5df2\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 Kant \u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d \uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u5275\u9020\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u300d\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u986f\u3002Fischer&nbsp;\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cP\u00f6litz \u6284\u672c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u5728\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7d50\u3002 Fischer&nbsp;\u5728\u5176\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Kant \u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5728 P\u00f6litz \u4e2d\u91cd\u9ede\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Kant \u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c0d\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antonio Moretto&nbsp;\u8f49\u5411\u4e86 Kant \u8457\u540d\u5b78\u751f Johann Gottfried Herder \u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u64d4\u4efb\u79c1\u4eba\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684\u982d\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0cKant \u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u90fd\u6703\u958b\u8a2d\u4e00\u9580\u6578\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\uff08\u986f\u7136\u672a\u77e5\uff09\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728 1763\/64 \u5e74\u51ac\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\u5f8c\u7a81\u7136\u505c\u6b62\u6559\u6388\u6578\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5408\u7406\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u9019\u5957\u7b46\u8a18\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u95dc\u6ce8\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c11\u3002 \u5728\u7814\u7a76 \u201cMathematik Herder\u201d \u6642\uff0cMoretto&nbsp;\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Kant \u5982\u4f55\u5728 1762\/63 \u5e74\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Wolff \u7684 <em>Auszug aus den Anfangsgr\u00fcnden aller mathematischen Wissenschaften<\/em> \u4f86\u6982\u8ff0\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002Moretto&nbsp;\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u7d14\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u8207 Kant \u6642\u4ee3\u6578\u5b78\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u63ed\u793a\u4e86 Abraham Gotthelf K\u00e4stner \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Moretto&nbsp;\u4e5f\u6aa2\u8996\u4e86\u9019\u672c\u524d\u6279\u5224\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5f8c\u4f86\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u8207 Kant \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff1a\u8207\u55ae\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u591a\u5143\u6027\u7bc4\u7587\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u6578\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u79d1\u5b78\uff1b\u5c0d\u6578\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff1b\u8003\u616e\u986f\u793a\u81ea\u7136\u6578\u5982\u4f55\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u52a0\u6cd5\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u7b97\u8853\u4e2d\u5408\u7406\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Christian Onof \u5be9\u8996\u4e86 Kant \u7269\u7406\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u7b46\u8a18\uff0cKant \u5728 1755\/56 \u5e74\u51ac\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u6559\u6388\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u6559\u6388\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6578\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u3002Onof \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Friedl\u00e4nder \u6216 \u201cBerliner Physik\u201d \u624b\u7a3f\uff08\u5927\u7d04 1775 \u6216 1776 \u5e74\uff09\u548c Mrongovius \u6216 \u201cDanziger Physik\u201d \u624b\u7a3f\uff081785 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Kant \u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u984c \uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7121\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u7a7f\u900f\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6392\u65a5\u529b\u548c\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u95e1\u660e Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u64b0\u5beb\u7684 <em>Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science<\/em>\uff081786\uff09\uff0cOnof \u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8 <em>Danziger Physik<\/em>\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63ed\u793a\u6279\u5224\u65b9\u6cd5\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Henny Blomme \u4e5f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Kant \u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u662f \u201c<em>Danziger Physik<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u7684 Kant \u8207 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u548c 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u5316\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u662f Kant \u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Erxleben \u672c\u7684 \u201c<em>Anfangsgr\u00fcnde der Naturlehre\uff0c1772<\/em>\u201d  \u5e7e\u5e74\u5f8c\u8f49\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 Karsten \u7684 \u201c<em>Anleitung zur gemeinn\u00fctzlichen Kenntni\u00df der Natur\uff0c1783<\/em>\u201d  \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u8207 Karsten \u4e0d\u540c\uff0cKant \u5f37\u8abf\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u660e\u78ba\u5283\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002Blomme \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u76ee\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8207 Kant \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7576\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc Kant \u5728 \u201c<em>Metaphysical Foundations<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u8072\u7a31\u5316\u5b78\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u9060\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u9580\u7cfb\u7d71\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cBlomme \u7c21\u8981\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u539f\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff1b\u5c07 \u201c<em>Danziger Physik<\/em>\u201d \u5b9a\u4f4d\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\uff1b\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u5c07\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u8aaa\u300d\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\uff1b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u7269\u8cea\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff1b\u554f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc Kant \u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff1b\u8003\u616e\u5230 Kant \u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86 Kant \u7684\u300c\u7d93\u9a57\u60c5\u611f\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u662f\u5426\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b78&nbsp;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert B.\u202fLouden \u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u95dc\u6ce8 Kant \u7684\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u6e9c\u51b0\u5834\u7248\u672c\u3002Rink \u7248\u672c\u7684 Kant \u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u82f1\u6587\u8b6f\u672c\u65bc 2012 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14 Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8ab2\u5802\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u5e7e\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6284\u672c\u4ecd\u5728\u4ed6\u7684 Akademie-Ausgabe \u6587\u96c6\u7b2c 26 \u5377\u4e2d\u51fa\u7248\u3002 \u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u53d7\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u5ffd\u8996\u5462\uff1f\u8207\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cLouden \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u662f Rink \u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\u8349\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cKant \u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u50cf\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u5b78\u6216\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 Louden \u8a8d\u70ba Kant \u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8a8d\u771f\u770b\u5f85\u5b83\u7684\u56db\u500b\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0cRobert R.\u202fClewis \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Kant \u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7 \u2014\u2014 \u57281756 \u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\uff08 Kant \u5927\u5b78\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5b78\u671f \uff09\u548c1796 \u5e74\uff08 \u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5b78\u671f 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\u9019\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f9e\u6b64\u800c\u8d77\u3002 \u9019\u672c \u201cReading Kant&#8217;s Lectures\u201d \u6587\u96c6\u6536\u9304\u4e86\u8457\u540d Kant \u5b78\u8005\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u7bc7\u539f\u5275\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86Kant \u6559\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u591a\u500b\u9762\u5411\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u5b78\u9662\u7248 Kant \u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u3002Kant\u95dc\u65bc\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u5b78\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5df2\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u591a\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u4f46\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5462\uff1f \u7576\u6839\u64da Kant \u767c\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u95b1\u8b80\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 Kant \u54f2\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \uff0c\u672a\u7d93\u5be9\u67e5\u5730\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8b1b\u5ea7\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8b80\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Kant \u6f14\u8b1b\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9818\u57df\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u751a\u81f3\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Kant \u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53caBaumgarten \u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u8005\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7406\u89e3 Kant \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u5df2\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\uff0c\u4f46\u60c5\u6cc1\u7576\u7136\u4e26\u975e\u7e3d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728 \u201c\u897f\u65b9\u201d \u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u69cb\u6559\u6388\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u6709\u8457\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Plato\u2019s Academy \u548c &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/11\/17\/reading-kants-lectures\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2nj","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9133"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9134,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9133\/revisions\/9134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}