{"id":9143,"date":"2023-12-13T17:52:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T17:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9143"},"modified":"2024-01-04T07:09:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T07:09:35","slug":"on-nineteen-eighty-four-orwell-and-our-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/12\/13\/on-nineteen-eighty-four-orwell-and-our-future\/","title":{"rendered":"On Nineteen Eighty-Four: Orwell and Our Future"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95dc\u65bcGeorge Orwell\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">George Orwell\uff081903-1950\uff09\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u8fb2\u838a\u300b\u548c\u300a1984\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u805e\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5beb\u6563\u6587\u3001\u5c0f\u8aaa\u548c\u975e\u5c0f\u8aaa\u985e\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002 \u96d6\u7136Orwell\u6c92\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u904e\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5305\u542b\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u898b\u89e3\u8207\u7dca\u8feb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Orwell\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u7236\u89aa\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u90e8\u9580\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u4e2d\u9577\u5927\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u5b78\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7dec\u7538\uff08\u73fe\u7dec\u7538\uff09\u7687\u5bb6\u8b66\u5bdf\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e94\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9593\uff0cOrwell \u6210\u70ba\u53cd\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002 \u5f9e\u5e1d\u570b\u8b66\u5bdf\u8fad\u8077\u5f8c\uff0cOrwell \u56de\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u6210\u70ba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7d93\u5e38\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u502b\u6566\u7684\u7aae\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5fd7\u9858\u58eb\u5175\u53c3\u52a0\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5167\u6230\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u5ee3\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u5275\u4f5c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u54c1\u3002 Orwell\u65bc 1945 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u8fb2\u838a\u300b\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5546\u696d\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002 1949\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a1984\u300b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002 \u300a1984\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u5f8c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\uff0cOrwell \u5c31\u56e0\u80ba\u7d50\u6838\u53bb\u4e16\u3002 \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Orwell \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u8ca7\u7aae\u548c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c64\u548c\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8aa4\u89e3\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8ca7\u56f0\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8ca7\u56f0\u4e2d\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u3002Orwell \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7aae\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8ca7\u7aae\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8cea\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002Orwell 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\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u5fe0\u8aa0\u5c0e\u81f4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u626d\u66f2\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5718\u968a\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e8b\u5be6\u58d3\u5012\u6027\u5730\u53cd\u5c0d\u201d\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u3002Orwell\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u5373\u8b49\u660e\u653f\u6cbb\u9ee8\u6d3e\u4e4b\u722d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u65bcOrwell \u4f86\u8aaa\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0cOrwell \u8a8d\u70ba\u5beb\u5f97\u597d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002Orwell \u907f\u514d\u7cdf\u7cd5\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u9858\u671b\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u634d\u885b\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u82f1\u8a9e\u300d\u6216\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u9858\u671b\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cOrwell \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8b93\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6e34\u671b\u300c\u8b93\u542b\u7fa9\u9078\u64c7\u55ae\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u300d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cOrwell \u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u9078\u64c7\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u96b1\u55bb \uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u96b1\u55bb\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee5\u5f92\u52de\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u626d\u66f2\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5 \u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662fOrwell \u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u767c\u5c55\u653f\u6cbb\u5beb\u4f5c\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Orwell \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5beb\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u90fd\u662f\u5ba3\u50b3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5beb\u4f5c\u90fd\u50b3\u9054\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8a0a\u606f\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cOrwell \u5c07\u6587\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u53cd\u5c0d\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u6b66\u5668 \u3002&nbsp; <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u653f\u6cbb\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8a9e\u8a00\u54f2\u5b78\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u8853\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b50\u9818\u57df\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u4f86\uff0cOrwell \u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u662f\u8d85\u524d\u65bc\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u54f2\u5b78\u6aa2\u8996\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95dc\u65bc\u201cOn Nineteen Eighty-Four: Orwell and Our Future\u201d\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u5011\u4e00\u5ea6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96a8\u84571984\u5e74\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u8207\u6d88\u5931\uff0cGeorge Orwell \u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u300a1984\u300b\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u7e3d\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u4f46\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u932f\u8aa4 \u3002 1984\u5e74\u5c0dOrwell \u4f86\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5beb\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u2014\u20141948\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u4f4d\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u985b\u5012\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u672a\u5c07\u65e5\u66c6\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u7e2e\u5beb\u70ba\u300c 1984 \u300d\uff1a\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff08\u503c\u5f97\u7a31\u8b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002 \u300a 1984 \u300b\u904e\u53bb\u548c\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\uff09\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u9810\u8a00\u4f5c\u54c1\u6216\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u672a\u4f86\u5b78\u300d\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 1984 \u5e74\u9019\u500b\u65e5\u671f\u7121\u95dc\u7dca\u8981\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebcOrwell \u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8b93\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u4eba\u8457\u8ff7\u548c\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5206\u5fc3\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u904e\u53bb\u4e4b\u5f8c\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5b83\u662f 1999 \u5e74\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u6176\u795dOrwell \u5c0f\u8aaa\u51fa\u7248\u4e94\u5341\u9031\u5e74\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u7de8\u8f2f\u5011\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300a1984\u300b\u81ea\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u5370\u5237\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5df2\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a55\u8ad6\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u95b1\u8b80\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u4e4b\u4e00\u300d\uff08 p 1 \uff09\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7de8\u8f2f\u6216\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u662fOrwell \u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc Homi Bhaba\u3001Elaine Scarry \u548cMargaret Drabble \u7b97\u662f\u6587\u5b78\u5c08\u5bb6\u5916\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6b63\u6b63\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u300a1984\u300b\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7121\u6578\u5c64\u6b21\/\u5c64\u9762\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u4ed6\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u8a55\u50f9Orwell \u6210\u529f\u5730\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u9019\u90e8\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5225\u6311\u91c1\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u8a31\u591a\u6700\u7dca\u8feb\u7684\u554f\u984c \uff1a\u76e3\u8996\u548c\u96b1\u79c1\uff1b\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff1b\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6feb\u7528\uff1b\u9177\u5211\u548c\u6b98\u5fcd\u884c\u70ba\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3002Orwell \u78ba\u5be6\u5728\u9019\u90e8\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u50be\u6ce8\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u6563\u6587\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u7576\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u8fb2\u5834\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u5beb\u4e0b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u9019\u90e8\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4f5c\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u904e\u65bc\u64c1\u64e0\u3001\u904e\u591a\u5730\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u7dca\u8feb\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff08 Orwell \u5728\u5beb\u4f5c\u6642\u8eab\u60a3\u91cd\u75c5\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u9019\u90e8\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3001\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u4ef6\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u800c\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u90e8\u601d\u60f3\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u6240\u8655\u7406\u7684\u666e\u904d\u554f\u984c \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Richard Rorty\u5728\u4ed6\u7684 \u201cContingency, Irony, and Solidarity\uff081989\uff09\u201d\u4e2d\u5c0dOrwell \u82db\u523b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u7de8\u8f2f\u5011\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u9080\u8acb\u300c\u516c\u8a8d\u7684Orwell \u5b78\u8005\u300d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c0b\u6c42\u300c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6587\u5b78\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\uff08 p 2 \uff09\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\uff1b\u96d6\u7136\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76Orwell \u7684\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u5b78\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u9080\u8acb\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u7fa3\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4f86\u53cd\u601dOrwell \u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u7121\u7591\u662f\u6709\u7528\u800c\u6709\u7684\u5411\u4ed6\u5011\u8b1b\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1999\u7f8e\u570b\u4ecd\u8655\u65bc\u5f8c\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u7d93\u6b772001\u5e74911\u8972\u64ca\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u91cd\u5fc3\u7531\u300c\u51b7\u6230\u300d\u79fb\u81f3\u300c\u53cd\u6050\u300d\u3002Orwell \u6642\u4ee3\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u5716\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u7684\u8d85\u7d1a\u5927\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u89d2\u529b\uff0c\u800c911\u5f8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u653f\u6b0a\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u770b\u898b\u3001\u537b\u53c8\u4f3c\u662f\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u300c\u6050\u4f48\u5206\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4ecd\u6cbf\u7528\u51b7\u6230\u601d\u7dad\u53bb\u9762\u5c0d\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u578b\u6230\u722d\u300d\uff08America\u2019s New War\uff09\uff08 p 3 \uff09\uff0c\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u300c\u6575\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u8655\u65bc\u7121\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u6230\u722d\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5d29\u7dca\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u7de8\u8005Abbott Gleason\u548cMartha Nussbaum\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u8207Orwell \u63cf\u5283\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u4e16\u754c\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u66f8\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u591a\u6709\u4e0d\u8b00\u800c\u5408\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u9019\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u6fc0\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6210\u679c\u540c\u6a23\u751f\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u73fe\u5834\u6f14\u793a\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6709\u4e9b\u788e\u7247\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cOrwell \u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u78b0\u5de7\u6709\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u9177\u5211\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9084\u662f\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u8b8a\u5f62\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cEdward Herman \u5728 \u201cFrom Ingsoc and Newspeak to Amcap, Amerigood,\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and Marketspeak\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cbe\u5f69\u4f8b\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u9644\u5e36\u640d\u5bb3\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8ecd\u4e8b\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u6bba\u5bb3\u7121\u8f9c\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff08\u8207Ingsoc\u3001doublethink \u548cdoublespeak \u985e\u4f3c\uff09 \uff09Herman \u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba Amcap\u3001Amerigood \u548c Marketspeak\u3002\u4ed6\u8209\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u96e2\u5947\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u570b\u5148\u652f\u6301\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u5c0d\u6297\u8607\u806f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u9a45\u9010\u5854\u5229\u73ed\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u652f\u6301Saddam Hussein\u5c0d\u6297\u4f0a\u6717\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u990a\u80b2\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u602a\u7269\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53c8\u8f49\u800c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u3002\u5f9ePhilip Zimbardo\u90a3\u88cf\uff08Mind Control in Orwell\u2019s Nineteen Eighty-Four: Fictional Concepts Become Operational Realities in Jim Jones\u2019s Jungle Experiment\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\u8056\u6bbf\u6559 People&#8217;s Temple\u7684Jim Jones\u76f4\u63a5\u5f9e\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u66f8\u4e4b\u4e00\u300a1984\u300b\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u8853\u3002Abbott Gleason \uff08Puritanism and Power Politics during the Cold War: George Orwell and Historical Objectivity\uff09\u5c0dOrwell \u5c0d\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u4e14\u5beb\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u64d4\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4e5f\u6703\u5c48\u670d\u65bc\u5b83\u3002Homi Bhabha \uff08Doublespeak and the Minority of One\uff09\u5c0dOrwell \u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u300d\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u8868\u660eWinston\u9700\u8981O&#8217;Brien\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u62fc\u547d\u5805\u6301\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7acb\u5834\u3002Margaret Drabble\uff08Of Beasts and Men: Orwell on Beastliness\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cOrwell\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u91ce\u7378\u6bd4\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u611f\u5230\u6190\u61ab \uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u898b\u89e3\u8207Orwell \u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u6bcd\u89aa\u4e0d\u611b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u618e\u6068\u611f\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff08 p47 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u8fb2\u838a\u300b\u88e1\u7684\u6eab\u67d4\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u6bd4\u300a 1984\u300b\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u666e\u904d\u540c\u60c5 Orwell \uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff08Sex and Politics\uff09\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u5247\u4e0d\u7136\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662fCass Sunstein\uff08Sexual Freedom and Political Freedom\uff09\u548cRobin West\uff08Sex, Law, Power, and Community\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5c0f\u8aaa\u6700\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0cOrwell \u5c0d\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u653e\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u8f15\u7387\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002Sunstein\u8aaa\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u93ae\u58d3\u548c\u5c0d\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u93ae\u58d3\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u8207Orwell \u4f3c\u4e4e\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u6027\u93ae\u58d3\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u6fc0\u9032\u548c\u9769\u547d\u5718\u9ad4\u78ba\u5be6\u5be6\u884c\u6027\u58d3\u6291\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u7981\u617e\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9769\u547d\u7d00\u5f8b\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002Sunstein\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u5728Huxley\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u9e97\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300c\u6027\u4e82\u662f\u5927\u773e\u7684\u9d09\u7247\u300d\uff08 p 238 \uff09\u3002West \u8aaa\uff0cOrwell \u6c92\u6709\u770b\u5230\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u7684\u5c0d\u7570\u5316\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u800c\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u7a2e\u900f\u904e\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4f86\u58d3\u5236\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u5617\u8a66\u300d\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a8d\u771f\u76e3\u7ba1\u7684\u300c\u79c1\u4eba\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u300d\uff08 pp 254-255 \uff09\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Richard Epstein\uff08Does Literature Work as Social Science?The Case of George Orwell\uff09\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u6301\u6279\u5224\u614b\u5ea6\uff1aOrwell \u50be\u5411\u65bc\u904e\u65bc\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u6982\u62ec \u2500\u2500\u300c\u5c0dOrwell \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u75db\u82e6\u662f\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u300d\uff08 p 51 \uff09 \u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u88dc\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff0cEpstein \u63d0\u5021\u300c\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u300d\u7684Gradgrind\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8868\u660eDickens\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6559\u7d66\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6cd5\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u662f\uff0cJames Conant\uff08Rorty and Orwell on Truth\uff09\u5c0dRichard Rorty\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8ad6\u9ede\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7570\u8b70\uff0c\u5373\u300a1984\u300b\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u548c\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u6b98\u9177\u3002Conant\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cOrwell\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4fe1\u5ba2\u89c0\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u6703\u8a8d\u70baRorty\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207O&#8217;Brien\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5371\u96aa\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\uff08\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u300d\uff09 \uff09\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Richard Epstein\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u8b66\u60d5\u5229\u7528\u6587\u5b78\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u300d\u3002Orwell \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u5bb6\uff0c\u8607\u806f\u7684\u89e3\u9ad4\u548c\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c31\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 \u300a1984\u300b\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u88ab\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u300c\u4f46\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u90e8\u6642\u4ee3\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\uff08 p 69 \uff09\u3002Richard Posner\uff08Orwell versus Huxley: Economics, Technology, Privacy, and Satire\uff09\u5728\u300a1984\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7f8e\u9e97\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u5169\u90e8\u540d\u8457\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u8af7\u523a\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5c08\u8457\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u5f85\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u300a\u7f8e\u9e97\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u570b\u73fe\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u90a3\u88cf\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u4eab\u6a02\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u2014\u2014 \u4f46\u56e0\u70baOrwell \u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u8868\u9054\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u300a1984\u300b\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3002 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u7528Edward Herman\uff08From Ingsoc and Newspeak to Amcap, Amerigood, and Marketspeak\uff09\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300a1984\u300b\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u4efd\u51b7\u6230\u6587\u4ef6\u300d\uff08 p 112 \uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u5b83\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4f46Herman\u672c\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u897f\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u672c\u53ca\u6642\u800c\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u9019\u90e8\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7406\u61c9\u4f54\u64da\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u300d( p 2 )\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u54c1\u8cea\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u8b49\u660e\u4e86Orwell 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href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2023\/12\/13\/on-nineteen-eighty-four-orwell-and-our-future\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2nt","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9143"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9144,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143\/revisions\/9144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}